Test: Nervous System - JAMB MCQ

Option B these are site proteins synthesis.. Rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER) are attached with ribosomesFound in nerve cells.
Topic in NCERT: NEURON AS STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF NEURAL SYSTEM
Line in NCERT: "The cell body contains cytoplasm with typical cell organelles and certain granular bodies called Nissl's granules."

Cerebellum serves to coordinate the voluntary movements of skeletal muscles as well as posture, balance, and equilibrium.
Hence, the correct answer is Option A.
Topic in NCERT: Hindbrain
Line in NCERT: "The cerebellum integrates information received from the semicircular canals of the ear and the auditory system."

The correct sequence of meninges from inner to outer side is:
- Pia mater (innermost)
- Arachnoid (middle layer)
- Dura mater (outermost)
Explanation:
- Pia mater is the innermost layer that closely adheres to the brain and spinal cord.
- Arachnoid is the middle layer that lies between the pia mater and the dura mater.
- Dura mater is the tough outermost layer providing protection and support.
Therefore, the correct sequence is piamater -> arachnoid -> duramater.
Topic in NCERT: CENTRAL NEURAL SYSTEM
Line in NCERT: "The brain is covered by cranial meninges consisting of an outer layer called dura mater, a very thin middle layer called arachnoid and an inner layer (which is in contact with the brain tissue) called pia mater."

The somatosensory cortex is a part of your brain that receives and processes sensory information from the entire body. Other names of somatosensory cortex include somesthetic area and somatic sensory area.This part of the brain is essential for receiving sensory information from the body and processing it to initiate important movements that are required to deal a particular situation. It receives sensations of touch, pain, and vibration from the entire body.
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Auerbach's plexus (or myenteric plexus) provides motor innervation to both layers of the muscular layer, having both parasympathetic and sympathetic input, whereas Meissner's plexus has only parasympathetic fibres and provides secretomotor innervation to the mucosa nearest the lumen of the gut. It arises from cells in the vagal trigone also known as the nucleus ala cinerea, the parasympathetic nucleus of origin for the tenth cranial nerve (vagus nerve), located in the medulla oblongata. The fibres are carried by both the anterior and posterior vagal nerves. The myenteric plexus is the major nerve supply to the gastrointestinal tract and controls GI tract motility.
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The Na⁺/K⁺ pump moves sodium (Na⁺) out and potassium (K⁺) into the cell against their concentration gradients using ATP. This makes it an example of active transport.
Topic in NCERT: Ionic Gradients and Membrane Potential
Line in NCERT: "The ionic gradients across the resting membrane are maintained by the active transport of ions by the sodium-potassium pump which transports 3 Na outwards for 2 K into the cell."

Saliva secretion is stimulated by parasympathetic nerves they lead acetylcoline to be released in the salivary acini cells which produce saliva.
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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative, progressive disorder that affects nerve cells in deep parts of the brain called the basal ganglia and the substantia nigra. Nerve cells in the substantia nigra produce the neurotransmitter dopamine and are responsible for relaying messages that plan and control body movement.
Topic in NCERT: Neural Control and Coordination
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The hypothalamus is the thermoregulatory center in the body. It regulates body temperature by detecting changes and initiating responses like sweating or shivering to maintain homeostasis. Other options such as the thalamus, pons, and medulla oblongata perform different functions and do not control thermoregulation.
Correct Answer: B (Hypothalamus)
Topic in NCERT: Hypothalamus and its Functions
Line in NCERT: "The hypothalamus contains a number of centres which control body temperature, urge for eating and drinking."

Nissl's granules are formed by rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) having rosettes of free ribosomes (polyribosomes) which are a site of protein synthesis.

Topic in NCERT: NEURON AS STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF NEURAL SYSTEM

Line in NCERT: "The cell body contains cytoplasm with typical cell organelles and certain granular bodies called Nissl's granules."

When a person gets addicted to alcohol, many serious health problems can occur due to consumption of alcohol. The first part of brain to be affected first is Cerebellum. The will power and self control of the person gets reduced. Control over emotions and moral sense also gets reduced. Loss of muscle coordination also occurs as cerebellum is affected. As a result, speech becomes incoherent. Inflammation of axons also occur which causes neuritis.
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The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that is responsible for various hormone production. 
The hormones produced by this area controls temperature, thirst, hunger, sleep, circadian rhythm, moods, and the release of some hormones. 
It is located below the thalamus and above the brainstem.
It is also known as the thermostat since it regulates the temperature of the body according to the changes in one's environment. 
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Topic in NCERT: Hypothalamus and its Functions
Line in NCERT: "The hypothalamus contains a number of centres which control body temperature, urge for eating and drinking."

In higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds, mammals) there are 12 pairs of cranial nerves- olfactory (I), optic (II), oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), trigeminal (V), abducens (VI), facial (VII), vestibulocochlear (VIII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), accessory (XI), and hypoglossal (XII).
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The junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of the next is called a synapse. It is a specialized structure where nerve impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another, either electrically or chemically.
So the corretct Answer: B (a synapse)
Topic in NCERT: Transmission of Impulses
Line in NCERT: "A nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another through junctions called synapses."

Abducens nerve is the sixth cranial nerve. It is a motor nerve supplying the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, originating in the dorsal part of the tegmentum of the pons, passing through the cavernous sinus, and entering the orbit through the superior orbital fissure. 
So, the correct answer is option B.
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Nissl's granules are present in the cyton (cell body) and dendrites but are absent in the axon. These granules are made of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and ribosomes, which are involved in protein synthesis. Since the axon does not participate in protein synthesis, Nissl's granules are absent there.
Hence, the correct Answer: A (axon)
Topic in NCERT: NEURON AS STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF NEURAL SYSTEM
Line in NCERT: "Nissl's granules are absent in the axon."

The Abducens nerve (Cranial Nerve VI) is a purely motor nerve that controls the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, enabling lateral eye movement.

• Olfactory nerve (A) → Cranial Nerve I, sensory, responsible for smell.
• Optic nerve (B) → Cranial Nerve II, sensory, responsible for vision.
• Vagus nerve (D) → Cranial Nerve X, mixed (both sensory and motor).

Hence, the Correct Answer: C (Abducens)
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Frogs have ten pairs of cranial nerves, which pass information from the outside directly to the brain, and ten pairs of spinal nerves, which pass information from the extremities to the brain through the spinal cord. They are:
1. olfactory, 2. optic, 3. oculomotor, 4. trochlear, 5. trigeminal, 6. abducens, 7. facial, 8. auditory, 9. glossopharyngeal, 10. vagus.
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The cerebellum is at the back of the brain, below the cerebrum. It's a lot smaller than the cerebrum. But it's a very important part of the brain. It controls balance, movement, and coordination (how your muscles work together).
Topic in NCERT: Hindbrain
Line in NCERT: "The cerebellum integrates information received from the semicircular canals of the ear and the auditory system."

Cerebrum is main part of the brain it controls most of the activity of our body. It sense taste, smell, hearing, etc.. olfactory lobe is responsible for the smell.
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