According to the legal case of Naresh Sridhar Mirajkar v. the State of Maharashtra (1966), what did the court emphasize about the power of a judicial decision made by a competent court?

It can override the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution

It is limited to resolving the specific dispute presented before the court

It has the authority to challenge the Constitution itself

It can interfere with the executive functions of the government

In the case of Rajasthan Electricity Board v. Mohan Lal (1967), what significant action did the Supreme Court take?

Established guidelines for environmental protection

Defined the powers of local government bodies

Laid down a test for determining certain bodies falling under 'other authorities'

Set precedents for labor rights protection

In the case of Rajasthan Electricity Board v. Mohan Lal (1967), what was the primary issue that led to the dispute between the Board and certain workers?

Disagreement over electricity tariffs

In Sukhdev Singh v. Bhagatram (1975), what was the key consideration in determining whether entities like ONGC, LIC, and IFC should be considered 'state' under Article 12?

Their financial backing and governmental oversight

In the context of determining whether an entity should be considered 'state' under Article 12, what criteria did the court consider in the case of Sabhajit Tewary v. Union of India (1975)?

When the entity is financially independent.

When the entity is privately owned.

When the entity operates under significant government control.

When the entity is involved in international operations.

According to the criteria outlined in the R.D Shetty v. Airport Authority of India (1979) case, which of the following conditions would suggest that an agency falls under the scope of Article 12 of the Constitution?

The agency is privately funded and operated.

The agency's functions are purely commercial without public importance.

The State exercises significant control over the agency's operations.

The agency operates independently without any governmental influence.

In the case of Som Prakash v. Union of India (1980), the Supreme Court determined that a Government company such as Bharat Petroleum Corporation falls within the definition of 'the State' under Article 12 primarily because:

It operates independently without any State involvement.

It is a non-profit organization serving public interests.

It holds monopoly over a specific market segment.

It is subject to significant government control and influence.

According to the case of Som Prakash v. Union of India (1980), what entities are included under the term 'other authorities' as per Article 12?

Government companies and registered societies

Constitutional or statutory bodies empowered to advance economic activities

What was the key unresolved question presented to the Court in the case of Som Prakash v. Union of India (1980)?

The definition of statutory corporations

The scope of government companies

The inclusion of registered societies under Article 12

Whether a private corporation falls under the term 'other authorities' in Article 12

In the context of judicial interpretations of fundamental rights, what did the court establish in the case of A.R. Antulay v. R.S. Naik (1988) regarding the appropriate course of action when a judicial order indirectly impacts a person's fundamental rights?

Individuals should directly claim a violation of their fundamental rights under Article 32 or 226.

Individuals should challenge the court's decision by alleging a violation of fundamental rights and pursuing the matter through an appeal or review process.

Individuals should seek compensation for the violation of their fundamental rights through civil litigation.

Individuals should file a criminal case against the court for violating their fundamental rights.

What criteria did the court consider in the Pradeep Kumar Biswas v. Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (2002) case to determine whether an entity falls under 'other authorities' as per Article 12 of the Indian Constitution?

Functional, financial, and administrative control by the government

What were the key reasons why the Board for Control of Cricket (BCCI) was determined not to fall within the scope of Article 12 of the Indian Constitution in the Zee Telefilms v. Union of India (2005) case?

Government-held share capital, establishment by statute, and performance of governmental functions

Lack of government-held share capital, establishment by statute, and performance of governmental functions

Private ownership, establishment by statute, and performance of commercial functions

Public-private partnership, government oversight, and performance of public welfare activities

In the case of Sanjaya Bahel v. Union of India & Others in 2019, what was the core issue related to the United Nations as per Article 12 of the Indian Constitution?

Seeking legal action against the Ministry of External Affairs

Attempting to establish jurisdiction under Article 12

Challenging the categorization of the United Nations as a 'State'

Filing a claim against the United Nations Organization

What was the key rationale behind the court's decision regarding the status of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) under Article 12 of the Indian Constitution?

Lack of government-held share capital

Performance of governmental functions for public welfare

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