Assam TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 2 (Social Science) - Assam TET MCQ

Learning is a comprehensive process that refers to a change in behavior, knowledge, and skills as a result of practice and experience. It is difficult to give a precise definition of learning so every psychologist has different beliefs about the derivation of the word 'learning' and they have defined it in different ways.
Some well-known definitions of learning are as follows:

So, it could be concluded that the above-mentioned definition of learning is given by J.P. Guilford.

Language acquired by the children helps in development of children. Since, children hear and learn from the sounds of speech even while they are still in the womb. Language learning accelerates once infants are born. This language learning affects cognitive development. Some effects are more specific to language whereas other are more general. Development is a multiple process which includes various things. And language is one of them.

The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 is a guideline for school education in India.

• It emphasizes the importance of a child-centric approach to learning that emphasizes the child's holistic development.

In the teaching-learning process, visually challenged learners suffer from an issue with sight or vision but when they are facilitated with the right training and tools, they develop a good literacy ability.
Instructional adaptations that a teacher should make while working with visually challenged learners include:

• using a lot of touches and feel materials.
• giving verbal clues to create opportunities to imagine.
• introducing tactile materials during classroom discussions.
• speaking clearly and loudly with appropriate pauses and reiterations.
• providing learning with the help of auditory systems such as an audio CD of the textbook, radio, etc.
• using the braille system to make them read-write as its raised dots will help the child to study the words through the pattern.

A teacher should not use a variety of visual presentations and written tasks especially worksheets for visually challenged learners as it could lead to low self-esteem and feeling of failure in them.
So, it could be concluded that a teacher should speak clearly and use a lot of touches and feel materials while working with visually challenged learners.
Tactile materials: It refers to the inputs which children receive through the receptive sensors of their skins.
Braille system: It refers to a pattern of raised dots called "Braille" to represent letters, numbers, and punctuation marks, that can be felt with a finger.

Social Heredity, suggests that the son's expertise as a doctor can be attributed to the influence of the doctor-parent's social environment. 
Social heredity refers to the transmission of cultural and social factors from one generation to the next. In this example, the son of a doctor benefits from growing up in an environment where medical knowledge, values, and practices are likely to be prevalent. Here's how social heredity plays a role:

• Access to Resources: Being the child of a doctor, the son may have greater access to resources such as medical books, journals, and educational materials. These resources can provide early exposure to medical concepts, terminology, and research, setting a strong foundation for future expertise.
• Educational Opportunities: The son may have received guidance and encouragement from the doctor-parent to pursue a career in medicine. This support can include recommendations for quality educational institutions, advice on relevant courses, and assistance with academic pursuits. Access to a robust education can greatly contribute to the son's development as an expert doctor.
• Role Modeling: Growing up with a doctor-parent as a role model can inspire the son to follow in their footsteps. Observing the parent's dedication, work ethic, and passion for medicine can influence the son's career choice and motivate them to strive for excellence in their medical studies and practice.
• Cultural Values and Expectations: In families with a medical background, there may be a strong emphasis on the importance of healthcare, patient well-being, and professionalism. These cultural values and expectations can shape the son's understanding of the medical field and instill a sense of responsibility and commitment to becoming an expert doctor.

Overall, the son's expertise as a doctor is not solely determined by biological heredity but is influenced significantly by social heredity, including the resources, educational opportunities, role modeling, and cultural values inherited from the doctor's parents' social environment.

Multilingualism is the ability to use more than two languages. Multilingualism is constitutive of the identity of a child and a typical feature of the Indian linguistic landscape, must be used as a resource, classroom strategy, and a goal by a teacher.
Benefits of Multilingual Classroom:

• It emphasizes on the significance of a smooth transition between the home and school language.
• Multilingualism encourages children to believe in themselves.
• It shows a greater number of independent cognitive strategies at their disposal and exhibits greater flexibility in the use of these strategies to solve problems.
• It is also a way of ensuring that every child feels secure and accepted and that no one is left behind on account of his / her linguistic background.
• Multilingual children are capable of greater cognitive flexibility and creativity and perform better academically than monolinguals.

Thus, it could be concluded that most classrooms in India are multilingual and this needs to be seen as a resource by the teacher.

The field theory of learning in children, in which the learner perceives and responds to the whole situation, comes under Kohler's theory of understanding.
The associative theory of learning in children is described on the basis of stimulus response. In this, a relationship is established between the stimulus response. It is also called stimulus response or S-R principle.

Giftedness refers to talent. The gifted students are essentially exceptional and generally show consistency in their performances and exhibit superiority in general intelligence. They are intrinsically motivated with high self-esteem. It is usually high ability or aptitude in one or more areas.

Stage 2: Instrumental Relativist Orientation
Lawrence Kohlberg: Right action is "that which instrumentally satisfies one's own needs and occasionally the needs of others". "Human relations are viewed in terms like those of the marketplace; elements of fairness, reciprocity and equal sharing are present, but they are always interpreted in a physical or pragmatic way. Reciprocity is a matter of 'you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours', and not of loyalty, gratitude or justice."

Social skills refer to the abilities required to interact effectively with others. Developing social skills is an important aspect of education as it helps students in personal and professional growth.

गद्यांश के अनुसार, "काल को हम बांध नहीं सकते। वह स्वत: नियंत्रित है, अबाध है।"

गंदे मुहल्लों में विभिन्न प्रकार की खुशबूदार अगरबत्तियाँ बनती हैं।
सन्दर्भ पंक्ति - 
इन्हीं गंदे मुहल्लों के गंदे लोग
बनाते है केवड़ा गुलाब खस और रातरानी
अगरबत्तियाँ

उद्देश्य के लिये परीक्षण तैयार किया गया है, यदि वह उसकी पूर्ति करता है, तो वह वैध परीक्षण कहलायेगा।
वैधता: जब किसी परीक्षण द्वारा उसी दक्षता की जाँच होती है जिसके लिए उसे निर्मित किया गया है तो उस परीक्षण को वैध कहा जाता है। उदाहरण के लिए यदि हम किसी भाषा कौशल की जाँच करना चाहते हैं तो प्रश्न ऐसे हों जो उसी भाषा कौशल की जाँच करें न कि ज्ञान या अभिरुचि की।

सम्पूर्ण चुनाव प्रक्रिया को ही धता बता देते हैं।',इस कथन का भाव है। -उपहासात्मक 
उपहासात्मक:
परिभाषा-मज़ाक-भरा।
उपहासात्मक का पर्यायवाची-मज़ाक-भरा , उपहास-भरा |
सकारात्मक:
परिभाषा - जिसमें स्वीकार या हाँ का भाव हो
वाक्य में प्रयोग - शीला की नौकरी के लिए एक कार्यालय से सकारात्मक उत्तर आया है।
समानार्थी शब्द - स्वीकारात्मक , पॉजिटिव , पाजिटिव
विलोम शब्द - नकारात्मक
मूल शब्द - सकार
प्रत्यय - आत्मक
संधि - स्वर
प्रतिक्रियात्मक :
प्रतिक्रियात्मक अर्थ-प्रतिक्रिया से युक्त।
समानार्थी शब्द -प्रतिक्रिया संबंधी , प्रतिक्रिया से युक्त ,प्रतिक्रिया के फलस्वरूप किया जाने वाला ; प्रतिक्रियास्वरूप।
विश्लेषणात्मक:
समानार्थी शब्द -तत्वसंधान, जाँच, विवेचन, परीक्षण, छानबीन, अध्ययन, भेद, व्याकृति, अंतर, स्पष्टीकरण, प्रकार, व्याख्या
अर्थ-जो विश्लेषणवाली प्रक्रिया के अनुसार हो। 'आश्लेषात्मक' का विपर्याय।

When you encourage your students to read silently, you are helping them develop the strategies they need for reading fast and with better comprehension.

Noam Chomsky, known as the father of modern linguistics, has made a crucial contribution to the field of linguistics. According to Noam Chomsky, Humans are pre-programmed with an inborn/innate ability to develop language as they have LAD ( Language Acquisition Device) and it contains the knowledge of grammatical rules which is common to all languages and allows children to understand rules of whatever language they are listening to.
Chomsky's View about language in brief:

• Innate ability: He strongly believes that children born with an innate knowledge of grammar serve as the basis for all language acquisition.
• Generative grammar: According to Chomsky it refers to a finite set of rules to generate sentences and can be used to produce more sentences in that language.
• Universal Grammar Theory: It states that all children are born with an innate ability to acquire, develop, and understand language. Chomsky believed grammar must be a universal constant in humans because of something he dubbed the poverty of the stimulus.
• Language Acquisition Device: Chomsky proposed that humans are equipped with a language acquisition device that enables a child to acquire and produce language.
  • A human child is born with the ability to learn the language and they have LAD which generates grammar rules and helps to develop language.

Therefore, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that as per Noam Chomsky’s theory, the role of the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) helps children to generate grammar rules.

Reasons behind challenges of teaching language:

• This is because there is a mismatch between what the teaching plan for the topic assumes as available prior knowledge and what individual students actually have.
• This is a problem that always comes up when a standard syllabus is covered according to a fixed calendar and learners are not ready for the given lesson.
• If they do not learn as expected, it is because of this inadequate preparation, and not because of low learning capacity
• The standard syllabus for any subject is based on certain logical and reasonable assumptions. The syllabus for Class V builds on the Class IV syllabus, and the Class VI syllabus builds on what is in the Class V syllabus, and so on.
• The problem in the classroom arises because every child has not properly learned or mastered everything covered earlier. Teachers often do some revision before taking up a new topic. This is of course useful, but may not be enough.

Thus, it could be concluded that 'this is the problem of low learning capacity and learners' ignorance which could be improved by drill and practice exercise' is not one of the best possible reasons behind the above-mentioned challenge of teaching language.

Learning Difficulties refers to a state when a person faces difficulty in learning. It may be due to physical limitations/disabilities such as - impairment in hearing, visual, low intellectual functioning, and inappropriate motor coordination.

• Diagnostic evaluation/test refers to the test which helps the teachers to know the learning difficulties or gaps in learner's understanding and identifying learner's strengths, weaknesses, skills, etc.

In the Constitution of India, the words ‘Secular', 'Socialist' and 'Integrity’ were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. It declared India as a “Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Republic, Democracy”.

Community Resources are assets in a community that helps meet certain needs of those around them. These assets can be people, places or structures, and community services. Community resources help build stronger, more resilient individuals and communities. Community resources are also very helpful in teaching-learning process. 

Resistance symbol along with an arrow represents a variable resistor.

• The Rajya Sabha, constitutionally the Council of States (informally known as the House of Elders), is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India.
• As of 2021, it has a maximum membership of 245, of which 233 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using single transferable votes through open ballots, while the president can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services.

The factor that forms the basis of teaching Social Science is not to transmit information on texts.

While teaching Geography, processes leading to events should be analysed in the light of reason and child's own experience. This helps to interlink their knowledge with real world experience, and thus a better understanding of the topic being taught.

Social Sciences provide a socio-spatial-temporal view of the development of human society, and thereby help the learner to understand the inner working of human society in totality; the pressures and the forces that operate on it, and the various processes that serve as checks and balances to maintain it.

A comparative chart is a general type of diagram in which a comparison is made between two or more objects, phenomena or groups of data. A comparison diagram can offer qualitative and/or quantitative information. To show land use in different countries of the world, this is the most suitable teaching aid.

• The importance of foodgrains in the Indian agricultural economy may be gauged from the fact these crops occupy about two-third of the total cropped area in the country.
• Foodgrains are dominant crops in all parts of the country whether they have subsistence or commercial agricultural economy.
• On the basis of the structure of grain, the foodgrains are classified as cereals and pulses.

The sun is the primary source of energy on the earth. This energy is radiated in all directions into space through short waves. This is known as solar radiation.

Analysis refers to the ability to break down the material into its component parts so that its organizational structure may be understood. This may include the identification of the parts, analysis of the relationship between parts, and recognition of the organizational principles involved. Learning outcomes here present a higher intellectual level than comprehension and application because they require an understanding of both the content and structural form of the material. 

Assessment of knowledge of students is the main objective of evaluation in Social Science.