Assam TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 (Social Science) - Assam TET MCQ

In this question, Baby Bhavya starts looking for her toys that her mother had hidden because Bhavya is aware of her toys even when they are not in front of her, that is, she has developed object permanence, Hence it is in pre-operational stage or pre-operational stage.
Object permanence means that an object still exists, even if it is hidden. It requires the ability to create a mental representation of the object (i.e. a schema).

Lev Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist and a social constructivist. He has propounded 'Socio-cultural Theory' which emphasizes the role of social interaction in cognitive development.

• Lev Vygotsky emphasized that the acquisition of speech is the major activity in cognitive development. 
• Vygotsky embedded in this theory, the concept of 'private speech' which is a kind of speech directed to the self with no communicative function.
• Children use private speech to guide their actions by speaking to themselves.

Private Speech:

• It refers to the speech produced aloud by young children that seem to be addressed either to the self or others, which sometimes cannot be easily conceived by a listener.
• It has a significant role in the augmentation of the self and self-consciousness. It is the main aspect in the development of self and subjectivity.
• This phenomenon starts in the early years of life and proceeds to the end of adolescence and even later.

So, from the points, as mentioned above, it becomes clear that the above-mentioned kind of 'private speech' is a sign of Self-regulation.

Retreat is not considered as a factor of cognition.
Cognitive factors refer to characteristics of the person that affect performance and learning. These factors serve to modulate performance such that it may improve or decline. These factors involve cognitive functions like attention, memory, and reasoning.

• Most psychologists today believe that our cognitions, i.e. our perceptions, memories, interpretations are essential ingredients of emotions.
• Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer have proposed a two-factor theory in which emotions have two ingredients: physical arousal and a cognitive label.
• They presumed that our experience of emotion grows from our awareness of our present arousal. They also believed that emotions are physiologically similar.

Therefore, Anger, Hunger, and fear are factors of cognition.

Article 30(1) enjoins that "all minorities whether based on religion or language shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice".

The socialization of a child is determind by sociometry techniques. Sociometric techniques are methods that qualitatively measure aspects of social interactions, such as social acceptance (i.e., how well a person is liked by peers) and social status (i.e., a child's social status compared to peers). 

In psychology, coping means to invest own conscious effort, to solve personal and interpersonal problems, in order to try to master, minimize or tolerate stress and conflict. Revolution does not belong to the category of coping strategies.

In this question, Baby Bhavya starts looking for her toys that her mother had hidden because Bhavya is aware of her toys even when they are not in front of her, that is, she has developed object permanence, Hence it is in pre-operational stage or pre-operational stage.
Object permanence means that an object still exists, even if it is hidden. It requires the ability to create a mental representation of the object (i.e. a schema).

'अवगुंठन' शब्द का अर्थ घूँघट' है।
अव + गुंठन = 'अवगुंठन'
'अव' (हीन) उपसर्ग और 'गुंठन' (छिपाना) मूल शब्द
अर्थ: कपड़े से मुँह छिपाने या ढकने की क्रिया।

मतिमान का अर्थ है- बुद्धिमान

• मतिमान का अन्य अर्थ- जिसमें मति हो, समझदार, ज्ञानी।

किसी भी वातावरण में प्रभावी संचार के लिए और दूसरों के साथ बातचीत करने के लिए भाषा कौशल आवश्यक हैं। यह एक व्यक्ति को उचित और प्रभावी पारस्परिक संचार के लिए भाषा को समझने और उत्पन्न करने की अनुमति देता है।
चार बुनियादी भाषा कौशल और उनकी प्राकृतिक व्यवस्था सुनना-बोलना-पढ़ना-लिखना है। भाषा के इन मूलभूत कौशलों को दो श्रेणियों में बांटा गया है जो ग्रहणशील और उत्पादक कौशल हैं।
उत्पादक कौशल:

• भाषा का उत्पादक कौशल बोलना और लिखना है क्योंकि ये कौशल शिक्षार्थी की भाषा बनाने की क्षमता को माप सकते हैं।
• दोनों कौशल भाषा उत्पाद या भाषण या लिखित परीक्षा के माध्यम से आउटपुट से संबंधित हैं।

ग्रहणशील कौशल:

• भाषा के ग्रहणशील कौशल सुनना और पढ़ना है क्योंकि इन कौशलों के लिए भाषा के निर्माण की आवश्यकता नहीं होती है।
• ये कौशल किसी व्यक्ति की भाषा को समझने और समझने की क्षमता पर केंद्रित होते हैं।

इसलिए, उपर्युक्त बिन्दुओं से यह स्पष्ट हो जाता है कि भाषा कौशल सीखने वाला क्रम सुनना, बोलना, पढ़ना, लिखना है।

पद्यांश के अनुसार:-​

• ये वर्षा के अनोखे दृश्य जिसको प्राण से प्यारे
  जो चातक की तरह ताकता है बादल घने कजरारे...
  वही हलधर अधिक आता है, कालिदास के मन में
  तू मुझको क्षमा कर देना।
• यहाँ हलधर शब्द का अर्थ किसान है। 

प्राथमिक स्तर पर लेखन में प्रयोग आने वाली अनुकरण विधि 'स्पष्ट लेख' नहीं है।
पठन के सामान ही लेखन क्रिया/कौशल है जिसमे शिक्षार्थियों लिखने के लिए तत्पर किया जाता है। लेखन कला/कौशल चारो भाषा कौशलों (सुनना, बोलना, पढ़ना, लिखना) में सबसे अंतिम चरण है। यह बच्चों द्वारा अपने भावों और मौलिक विचारों को अर्थपूर्ण तरीके से लिखित रूप देने तथा विभिन्न उद्देश्यों के लिए लिखने की क्षमता से संबंधित है।
प्राथमिक स्तर पर लेखन का विकास अनुकरण विधि से किया जाता है। 
अनुकरण की निम्न लिखित विधियाँ साधारणतः प्रयोग में लायी जाती हैं:

• अनुलेख- किसी आदर्श लिखावट का जैसा का तैसा अनुकरण, अनुलेख कहलाता है।
• प्रतिलेख- प्रतिलेख में छात्र स्वतंत्र रूप से किसी पुस्तक या पत्र-पत्रिका के किसी भाग का अनुकरण करके अपनी काॅपी में लिखता है।
• श्रुतिलेख- श्रुतिलेख सुना हुआ लेख है। इसमें अध्यापक बोलता जाता है और छात्र सुनकर बोली हुई सामग्री लिखता है।

वर्तनी- शब्द में प्रयुक्त ध्वनियों को जिस क्रम से उच्चरित किया जाता है, लिखने में भी उसी क्रम से विन्यस्त करने का नाम वर्तनी या वर्ण-विन्यास है। यदि वर्णों का उच्चारण शुद्ध न किया जाए, तो लिखने में भी अशुद्धियाँ हो जाती हैं।
स्व-वर्तनी- स्व-वर्तनी का अर्थ है अपनी वर्तनी होता है, अर्थात जैसा बोलना वैसा ही लिखना।

In Inductive lesson, a general rule is explained first and later the examples are illustrated.

'Imagination' is a noun. 'Imagine' is a verb and so is 'imagined'. Also, 'imaginative' and 'imaginary' are adjectives.

The question will help students place themselves in new situations to gain a better understanding of the concepts involved. The student will be able to place herself/himself in the same situation, and hence will be able to the complexities involved in lives of nomads.

When the schools opened in the early 19th century, people were wary of them and thought that by sending their daughters to school, they would not be available for domestic duties. Many people were also not comfortable sending their daughters out to public places and hence, most educated women were taught at home by their liberal fathers or husbands.

Textbooks are considered to be the first and foremost tools of the teaching-learning process for both students and teachers. Text book acts as a guide for students and teachers to proceed through different chapters and lessons of the curriculum in a particular sequence which leads to the true construction of knowledge.

Mahalwari System

• In the North Western Provinces of the Bengal Presidency (most of this area is now in Uttar Pradesh), an Englishman called Holt Mackenzie devised the new system which came into effect in 1822.
• Under his directions, collectors went from village to village, inspecting the land, measuring the fields, and recording the customs and rights of different groups.
• The estimated revenue of each plot within a village was added up to calculate the revenue that each village (mahal) had to pay. This demand was to be revised periodically, not permanently fixed.
• The charge of collecting the revenue and paying it to the Company was given to the village headman, rather than the zamindar.
• This system came to be known as the mahalwari settlement.

Ryotwari System

• In the British territories in the south there was a similar move away from the idea of Permanent Settlement.
• The new system that was devised came to be known as the ryotwar (or ryotwari).
• It was tried on a small scale by Captain Alexander Read in some of the areas that were taken over by the Company after the wars with Tipu Sultan.
• Subsequently developed by Thomas Munro, this system was gradually extended all over south India.

Permanent settlement

• ​It was introduced in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis and covered around one fifth of British territory in India, including Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, parts of Northern Karnataka, Varanasi and some other areas.
• With the permanent settlement, the auctioning of land (Izaredar system in Bengal) came to at an end.

g = GM/R²
W' = mg' ...(1)
g = GM/R'²
D' = 2D
R' = 2R
g' = GM/4R²
Putting the value of 'g' in equation (1), we get
W' = m x (GM/4R²) = mg/4 = W/4

• Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country.
• There are two or more levels of government in a federal system.
• Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation, and administration.
• The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of government are specified in the constitution.
• Levels of government in India are:
  • Union government
  • State government
  • Panchayati Raj
• Panchayati Raj is the third tier of the government.
• It comes under the feature of federalism in India.

Thus, we can say that the Panchayati Raj is the third tier of government and it comes under the feature of federalism in India.

For classrooms in all grade levels, from preschool to high school and beyond, bulletin boards are an effective teaching tool.

• Bulletin boards can be utilized for many purposes, including informing students, reinforcing lessons, showcasing student work, and more.
• The bulletin board is a board that is typically mounted to a wall where announcements with information about something are posted.  
• The message on the bulletin board may be in the form of words, graphs, charts, photographs, etc. 

Thus, we can conclude that bulletin board is typically used to display all kinds of creative works of students in the classroom.

Valuing observable facts over individual preferences in deriving deduction is called Reasoning.

In recognition of his contribution, New Delhi is also known as "Lutyens' Delhi". In collaboration with Sir Herbert Baker, he was also the main architect of several monuments in New Delhi such as the India Gate; he also designed Viceroy's House, which is now known as the Rashtrapati Bhavan.

The inference of particular instances by reference to a general law or principle is referred to as deduction. It is a method of reasoning by which concrete applications or consequences are deducted from general principles.

The demographic transition theory is a generalized description of the changing pattern of mortality, fertility, and growth rates as societies move from one demographic regime to another. The demographic transition shows shifts in the demographics of a population during economic and social development. It is based on death and birth rates as development progresses. 

Science as a discipline has its unique perspective. Science is not limited to observation, experimentation, and analysis only; rather it is a way of life. Science is an expanding body of knowledge through the process of inquiry.

Audio-visual aids use all the five senses. The students love to watch movies, or moving pictures along with sounds. This creates interest in the subject, along with effective learning. Hence, audio-visual aids are best used for teaching Social Studies.

Note-taking aids student learning by allowing individuals to process and retain large amounts of information. Note-taking influences learning by helping students to attend to information and allows them to personalise the information they learn. They provide a permanent record and afford easy reference.

'Cynicism' means 'distrust'. In order to prevent distrust on democratic institutions, a teacher can emphasise the ideal functioning and principles of these institutions, and the public being informed about their rights and duties. B and C are incorrect as these concepts make a person cynic by removing his trust from democracy and democratic institutions.