A child's intellectual development includes four stages, which are the sensory-motor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational periods. These four characteristic stages of a child's intellectual development were proposed by
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Creativity is about taking risks and making connections and is strongly linked to:
Sandra is a primary teacher and teaches the students of the third standard. She has been observing the activities and behavior of the students for a few days and is not satisfied with their behavior. What must she do to make her students behave properly in the class?
प्राथमिक स्तर पर बच्चे किस प्रकार की कविताएँ पसंद करते हैं?
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए।
कौन नहीं चाहता कि उन्हें ज्यादा से ज्यादा लोग जानें। पर इसकी जो कीमत चुकानी होती है, उसके लिए कम ही लोग तैयार होते है। आप चर्चित हैं, तो आपकी सामाजिक जवाबदेही भी अधिक होती है। हर अनुकूल-प्रतिकूल स्थिति के लिए आपको बाकी लोगों से ज्यादा तैयारी करनी पड़ती है। चर्चित होने के बाद खुद के मुताबिक सामान्य जीवन जीना और भी कठिन होता है। चर्चित लोगों से अनौपचारिक बात करें, तो पाएंगे की ऐसे में वे जो बता रहे हैं, उससे वह अलग है, जो उन्होंने औपचारिक बातचीत के दौरान कही थी। चर्चित व्यक्तियों की बनी छवि प्रायः सच्चाई से अलग होती है। विडंबना यह है कि वे 'खुद भी उसी छवि को जीने में लग जाते है, जो गढ़ी गई है। अलबर्ट आइंस्टाइन ने, जिन्हें लोग सुपर मानव कहते हैं और जो जीवन काल में ही इस दुनिया के सर्वाधिक लोकप्रिय व्यक्ति थे, एक बार कहा था कि मेरी उपलब्धियों व क्षमताओं के बीच, जो लोगों द्वारा समझी गई है और वास्तव में जो मैं हूँ, एक विरोधाभास है। लोकप्रियता के सामाजिक - नैतिक पहलू पर अध्ययन करने वाले मनोविज्ञानी कहते हैं - टिकाऊ लोकप्रियता सही मायने में वही है, जो दिलों पर राज करवाए, न कि चर्चाओं में चर्चा में होना सरल है, पर इसकी प्रक्रिया है जटिल। इसीलिए लोकप्रिय व्यक्ति प्रायः बदनाम भी जल्दी होता है। उसके नकारात्मक पहलु भी जल्द सामने आते हैं। उन पर अहं भी जल्दी तारी हो जाता है। ऐसी लोकप्रियता अक्सर यह भ्रम देती है कि आप सामान्य से अलग हैं। यह सोच अपनों व दूसरों से बहुत दूर ले जाती है। इसे संतुलित तरीके से न लिया जाये, तो ज्यादातर चर्चित व्यक्तियों के लिए यह दुःखी करने वाली होती है। अंततः यह बात याद रखें कि प्रसिद्ध लोगों को गुमनामी का सामना करना और खुद को नैतिक बनाए रखना आना चाहिए। अन्यथा वक्त की हवा के बीच वे तिनके की तरह उड़ा दिए जाएँगे।
Q. " चर्चित व्यक्तियों की बनी छवि प्रायः सच्चाई से अलग होती है।" वाक्य में विशेष्य क्या है?
निर्देश: गद्यांश को पढ़कर निम्नलिखित प्रश्न में से सबसे उचित विकल्प चुनिए।
कुछ कहा जा रहा हो उससे कहीं महत्त्वपूर्ण होता है अपनी बात कहने का तरीक़ा। आप कितनी ही ज़रूरी बात क्यों न कहें, अगर आपकी बात कोई सुने नहीं, महसूस ही न करे, तो उसे कहने का फ़ायदा ही क्या? किसी के कहे को सुनने के लिए, उसे महसूस करने के लिए, पूरा ध्यान केंद्रित करने की ज़रूरत होती है। और वही मिलता था मुझे उस महान संगीतज्ञ बीथोवन के स्वरों द्वारा -पूरा ध्यान। आप पूछ सकते हैं कि आवाजाही और बातचीत के शोर से भरे किसी कमरे के दूसरे छोर पर बैठा कोई बच्चा उन आठ कोमल स्वरों को भला कैसे सुनता होगा? इस सवाल का जवाब तो कोई भी शिक्षक दे सकता है। ये स्वर सुन तो वे बच्चे ही पाते थे जो पियानो के बिलकुल पास खडे़ हों, और तब उनका स्पर्श दूसरों को अगाह करता था। पर कुछ ही क्षणों में तेज़ी से फैलती वह ख़ामोशी ही बोलने लगती थी। और जब तक आख़िरी स्वर की गूँज ख़त्म होती, सभी बच्चे शांत हो चुके होते थे। ये खामोशियाँ, वे सनाट्टा याद रहेगा मुझे... सात क्या उसके भी कई-कई सालों बाद भी
Q. संवाद तभी सार्थक होता है जब-
भाषा सीखने के लिए कौन-सा कारक सर्वाधिक महत्त्वपूर्ण है?
When a teacher has given a task in groups, what will be the role of the teacher during this group work?
While asking the learners to read the text silently the teacher should
Directions: Answer the following question by selecting the most appropriate option.
Anaesthesia in any part of the body means a loss of sensation, either permanent or temporary. The term is usually used to describe the artificially produced loss of sensation which makes a surgical operation painless.
There are four main types of anaesthesia: General, Spinal, Regional, and Local. Anaesthetics may be given as gases, by inhalation; or as drugs injected into a vein. A patient given general anaesthesia loses consciousness. Anaesthesia of a fairly large area of the body results from injecting the anaesthetic drug into the spinal canal: all that portion of the body below the level at which the drug is injected is anaesthetised. Regional anaesthesia is the injecting of the nerves as they emerge from the spinal column: the anaesthesia induced by this method affects only that area of the body supplied by those nerves. In local anaesthesia, the drug is injected directly at the site of the operative incision and sometimes also into the nearby surrounding tissues.
Formerly, the most commonly used local anaesthetic was cocaine, a drug extracted from the leaves of the coca bush and introduced in 1879. But cocaine has some disadvantages and, sometimes, undesirable side-effects. For spinal, regional and local anaesthesia, procaine, or one of the several modifications of procaine, is now widely used instead of cocaine, for very limited and short operations, such as opening a small abscess. Local anaesthesia may be induced by spraying (rather than injecting) a chemical, ethyl chloride, on a small area of the skin; in changing from the liquid to the gaseous state, this drug freezes the area sprayed, and permits painless incision.
Q. An 'abscess' is
Directions: Read the given passages carefully and answer the questions that follow:-
Everything that men do or think concerns either the satisfaction of the needs they feel or the need to escape from pain. This must be kept in mind when we seek to understand spiritual or intellectual movements and the way in which they develop, for feeling and longing are the motive forces of all human striving and productivity – however nobly these latter may display themselves to us.
What, then, are the feelings and the needs which have brought mankind to religious thought and to faith in the widest sense? A moment’s consideration shows that the most varied emotions stand at the cradle of religious thought and experience. In primitive people, it is, first of all, fear that awakens religious ideas – fear of hunger, of wild animals, of illness, and of death. Since the understanding of causal connections is usually limited on this level of existence, the human soul forges a being, more or less like itself, on whose will and activities depend the experiences which it fears. One hopes to win the favor of this being, by deeds and sacrifices, which according to the tradition of the race are supposed to appease the being or to make him well disposed to man. I call this the religion of fear.
This religion is considerably established, though not caused, by the formation of priestly caste which claims to mediate between the people and the being they fear and so attains a position of power. Often a leader or despot will combine the function of the priesthood with its own temporal rule for the sake of greater security, or an alliance may exist between the interests of political power and the priestly caste.
Q. Choose the antonym for 'latter'.
A 'mental block' associated with English language learning is:
Read the poem given below and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option.
THE LAST CONQUEROR
Victorious men of earth, no more
Proclaim how wide your empires are;
Though you bind-in every shore
And your triumphs reach as far
As night and day,
Yet you, proud monarchs, must obey
And mingle with forgotten ashes, when
Death calls ye to the crowd of common men.
Devouring Famine, Plague, and War,
Each able to undo mankind,
Death's servile emissaries are;
Nor to these alone confined,
He hath at will
More quaint and subtle ways to kill;
A smile or kiss, as he will use the art,
Shall have the cunning skill to break a heart.
Q. "... the cunning skill"- refers to
Directions: Answer the following question by selecting the most appropriate option.
Which activity best supports the practice of speaking skills?
Which of these is of primary importance for creative writing?
One day, when Mrs. Nayak was teaching English language in the classroom, one of the students stands up and points out her mistake. Under such situation, how should Mrs. Nayak react?
Directions: Identify the appropriate alternative from the given ones for filling the blank in the given sentence.
I had the opportunity........(see) a rare breed in Ranganathitu.
Rizul is a kinesthetic learner. His teacher Ms. Neha understood his style of learning. Which of the following strategies should she choose to clear his concept of multiplication?
Identify the correct statement with regard to introducing the concept of fractions at primary level.
Pradeep was shown a broken ruler and asked where is 5 cm on the ruler. He picked up the ruler and pointed out the mark of 5 cm on the ruler. His answer_____.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.
The section on 'Survey and Write' in some chapter of EVS textbook for Class-V primarily aims at:
"Nature has enough to meet the need of the people but not the greed." Who said this?
With respect to the location of Delhi on the map of India, the capital of Himachal Pradesh (Shimla) and the capital of Madhya Pradesh (Bhopal) are located respectively in its: