CG TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 10 (Science and Mathematics) - CG TET MCQ

The term development” is generally used to refer to the dynamic process by which an individual grows and changes throughout its lifespan. It is often thought of as the process of qualitative change taking place from conception to death. In this way, development is a broad term and deals with all areas including physical, motor, cognitive, physiological, social, emotional, and personality. It should be noted that developments in all these areas are interrelated. 

• Cephalo - Caudal Sequence: The direction of development is from head to limbs i.e, in a longitudinal axis called ‘cephalocaudal.
• Proximo distal Sequence: The spinal cord develops before the outer parts of the body. The child's arms develop before the hands and the hands and feet develop before the fingers and toes.  The development direction is from the center to the periphery called ‘proximodistal’.
• Locomotion Sequence: Various kinds of motions such as walking, running, jumping, swimming, etc. by the body are known as locomotion. Movement is one of the characteristic features of all living organisms. Locomotion helps us to move from one place to another.
• Bilateral Sequence: The human body plan is bilateral with symmetrical sense organs, a fast responding brain, half the body weight in muscles, a powerful heart, miles of arteries and veins, and a brain that coordinates it all.

So, we can conclude that the Proximo distal Sequence is appropriate when development proceeds from the center to the peripheral areas of the body.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a brain disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. Children with ADHD may be hyperactive and unable control their impulses. Or they may have trouble paying attention. These behaviors interfere with school and home life.
Reducing the time allotted to complete an assignment to make it coincide with time of attention, and increasing this time in a phased manner will be best suited to deal with attention deficit hyperactivity.

Student-centred learning, also known as learner-centred education, broadly encompasses methods of teaching that shift the focus of instruction from the teacher to the student. Question-answer method is based on teacher's own discretion and does not put learner first.

Egocentrism can be defined as the child being the center of the world and everything revolves around him. Egocentrism in early childhood refers to the tendency of young children to think that everyone sees things in the same way as the child.

The best way to inculcate moral values in children is demonstration of the moral values by teachers and elders. Students have a knack of imitating elders, especially parents and teachers. Any move taken by the elder seriously affects the students learning ability. They try to imitate them, and thus the moral values are inculcated, which later on are inculcated as habit.

कुमार किसी पठन सामग्री में से किसी शब्द विशेष की पहचान कर लेता है या जब कुछ बोला जाए तब भी शब्द विशेष की पहचान कर लेता है परन्तु स्वयं की भाषा में इसका प्रयोग नहीं कर पता है। आप इस शब्द संपदा को निष्क्रिय शब्द-संपदा कहेंगे।
शब्द संपदा (शब्दकोश, शब्दावली) शब्दों का एक सेट है जो एक व्यक्ति अपने भाषण में समझता है और उपयोग करता है।
शब्द संपदा आमतौर पर दो प्रकारों में विभाजित होती है: सक्रिय और निष्क्रिय।

• सक्रिय शब्दावली - ये ऐसे शब्द हैं जो एक व्यक्ति नियमित रूप से मौखिक भाषण और लेखन में उपयोग करता है।
• निष्क्रिय शब्दावली - यह उन शब्दों का सेट है जो एक व्यक्ति कान से या पढ़ते समय जानता और समझता है, लेकिन खुद उनका उपयोग नहीं करता है।
• जॉन रेनॉल्ड्स और पेट्रीसिया एकर्स के अनुसार, "आपकी निष्क्रिय शब्दावली में सक्रिय से अधिक शब्द होने की संभावना है। अपने लेखन में शब्दावली की सीमा में सुधार करने का एक तरीका है अपने निष्क्रिय से सक्रिय शब्दावली में शब्दों को स्थानांतरित करने का प्रयास करना"

अपारदर्शी प्रोजेक्टर, एपिडियोस्कोप, एपिडायस्कोप या एपिस्कोप एक ऐसा उपकरण है जो ऊपर से वस्तु पर एक उज्ज्वल दीपक चमकाकर अपारदर्शी सामग्री प्रदर्शित करता है। दर्पण, प्रिज्म और/या इमेजिंग लेंस की एक प्रणाली का उपयोग सामग्री की एक छवि को देखने वाली स्क्रीन पर केंद्रित करने के लिए किया जाता है।

शिक्षण अधिगम प्रक्रिया में शिक्षक परामर्शदाता का कार्य करता है।
परामर्श एक निर्धारित रूप से संरचित स्वीकृत सम्बन्ध है जो परामर्श प्रार्थी को पर्याप्त मात्रा में स्वयं के समझने में सहायता देता है जिससे वह अपने नवीन ज्ञान के परिप्रेक्ष्य में ठोस कदम उठा सके। 
परामर्श के सिद्धान्तों को चार वर्गों में बाँटा जा सकता है-

• प्रभाववर्ती सिद्धांत
• व्यवहारवादी सिद्धांत
• बोधात्मक सिद्धांत

व्यवस्थावादी विभिन्न-दर्शनग्राही प्रारूप उपागम
व्यवस्थावादी विभिन्न-दर्शनग्राही प्रारूप उपागम- व्यवस्थावादी उपागम की प्रमुख विशेषता परामर्श का विभिन्न चरणें में संयोजित होना है।

• प्रथम अवस्था- समस्या अन्वेषण 
• द्वितीय अवस्था- द्विआयामी समस्या परिभाषा 
• तृतीय अवस्था- विकल्पों का अभिज्ञान करना 
• चतुर्थ अवस्था- आयोजना
• पंचम अवस्था- क्रिया प्रतिबद्धता 
• शष्ठ अवस्था- मूल्यांकन एवं फीडबैक

अतः निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि विभिन्न दर्शनग्राही / ग्रहणशील पद्धति में शिक्षक को सभी पद्धतियों के बारे में जागरुक होना चाहिए।
अतः विकल्प (D) सही  है।

स्वतंत्र लेखन: स्वतंत्र लेखन का अर्थ अंतर्ज्ञान, व्यक्तिगत अवलोकन और अनुभव से लिखना है।
इस स्तर पर, शिक्षार्थी विभिन्न संरचनाओं, शब्दावली और शाब्दिक वस्तुओं को चुनने के लिए स्वतंत्र हैं और अपने स्वयं के विचारों को व्यक्त करते हैं। इसलिए इस प्रकार की रचना को मुक्त रचना कहा जाता है।
मुक्त रचना में पर्याप्त अभ्यास विद्यार्थियों को घटनाओं का वर्णन करने और रोजमर्रा की जिंदगी पर रिपोर्ट लिखने में सक्षम बनाता है।
स्वतंत्र रचना में व्यक्ति अपनी भाषा का उपयोग करने के लिए स्वतंत्र होता है।
लेखक की स्वतंत्र लेखन​ प्रकृति - उसकी भावनाओं, संवेगों, भाषा के अलंकार का ज्ञान, भाषा का प्रवाह, विचारों के संगठन, उसकी पसंद और नापसंद, आदि की जाँच करता है।
उच्च कक्षाओं में, विद्यार्थियों को मुक्त रचना लिखने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है।
स्वतंत्र रचना के कुछ प्रकार है - यात्रा वृत्तान्त, प्रकृति वर्णन, जीवनी लेखन आदि।
अतः निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि स्वतंत्र लेखन का मुख्य लाभ यह है कि शिक्षार्थी रचनात्मक बनने की स्वतंत्रता का लाभ उठाते हैं।
अतः विकल्प (C) सही  है।

'भाषा के खंड' का अध्ययन जो एक वाक्य से बड़ा है वह प्रवचन है। यह लिखित और मौखिक संचार को दर्शाता है। यह प्रत्येक तौर-तरीके और संचार के संदर्भ में बातचीत का एक वैचारिक सामान्यीकरण है।

सस्वर पठन- स्वर सहित पढ़ते हुए अर्थ ग्रहण करने को सस्वर पठन कहते है। सस्वर पठन उच्चारण, स्पष्टोचारण, अनुतान और भावसहित पढ़ने के उप-शिक्षण और सुधार का बहुत ही प्रभावी साधन है। सस्वर पठन से ही बालक की उच्चारण संबंधी त्रुटियों का पता लगाया जा सकता है, त्रुटियों के निदान के बाद शिक्षक उचित उपचार करके त्रुटियों को दूर करने की कोशिश करता है।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से ‘आविष्कार’ शब्द ‘आविस्’ उपसर्ग से बना है।
‘आविस्’ उपसर्ग का अर्थ प्रकट या बाहर होना है। आविष्कार में मूल शब्द कार है। इसके अन्य उदहारण- आविष्कृत।

पद्यांश में आयी पंक्तियाँ:-

• हवा का ज़ोर वर्षा की झड़ी, झाड़ों का गिर पड़ना
  कहीं गरजन का जाकर दूर सिर के पास फिर पड़ना​

यहाँ बादल के गर्जन को इतना तेज़ बताया है जैसे वह सिर के पास ही फट रहा हो। 

The phrase 'the world by its tail' means to overcome challenges. It is a phrase that means to 'have destiny under control'. Overcoming challenges signifies the control one has on one's life. So, option (2) is the correct answer.

Let's discuss the marked option first; i.e. 'Adverb':

• Adverbs are used to add more information about a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a clause or a whole sentence.
  E.g. - very tall (modifying adjective 'tall'), ended too quickly (modifying another adverb 'quickly), Fortunately, I had brought an umbrella (modifying the whole sentence).
• However (adverb): despite what has been said earlier
  Ex: This is one possible solution to the problem. However, there are others. ('however' is modifying the whole clause 'This is one possible solution to the problem')
• Similarly, in the given question sentence, 'however' adds information to the previous sentence 'Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them'.

Therefore, the correct part of speech of the asked word is 'Adverb'.
(Option 3) is the correct answer.

Noam Chomsky, known as the father of modern linguistics, has made a crucial contribution to the field of linguistics. According to Noam Chomsky, Humans are pre-programmed with an inborn/innate ability to develop language as they have LAD ( Language Acquisition Device) and it contains the knowledge of grammatical rules which is common to all languages and allows children to understand rules of whatever language they are listening to.
Chomsky's View about language in brief:

• Innate ability: He strongly believes that children born with an innate knowledge of grammar serve as the basis for all language acquisition.
• Generative grammar: According to Chomsky it refers to a finite set of rules to generate sentences and can be used to produce more sentences in that language.
• Universal Grammar Theory: It states that all children are born with an innate ability to acquire, develop, and understand language. Chomsky believed grammar must be a universal constant in humans because of something he dubbed the poverty of the stimulus.
• Language Acquisition Device: Chomsky proposed that humans are equipped with a language acquisition device that enables a child to acquire and produce language.
  • A human child is born with the ability to learn the language and they have LAD which generates grammar rules and helps to develop language.

Therefore, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that as per Noam Chomsky’s theory, the role of the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) helps children to generate grammar rules.

The underlined words represent the ability of a person to recall something.

Assessment is done to determine the outcomes (what students have learned), process (the way they learned), and their approach to the learning before, during, or after the program or course.

• During instruction, the assessment can be used to determine what students are learning so that if there is a need, the teacher can adjust their teacher.
• It is a process-oriented approach that is used to identify the areas for improvement in the learning process.

Grouping concerns (i) the system of language, and (ii) its structures. Grouping the system of language means what sounds, words, phrases and meanings are to be taught.

The correct sentence will be, 'She has been living in Chennai since 1989.' as it talks about the present. 'Had been' would have been appropriate if some other information had been given after 1989 referring to past.

The world of words in any language is fascinating. When we talk of the expanding vocabulary of a language, we generally refer to words that form the meaning-based of that language. 

The correct answer is Both A and B are true.
The answer can be decided by looking at the lines given in the second and last paragraph of the passage: 
​"Bobby and Harry Jones and Dickie Delacroix—the villagers pronounced this name “Dellacroy”—eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys."
"Bobby Martin ducked under his mother’s grasping hand and ran, laughing, back to the pile of stones."
​From the above lines, it is clear that both statements A and B are correct.

Storytelling refers to the art of narrating a story. It is used as a strategy in language teaching which broadens learners' reading choices. Storytelling promotes a whole language approach.

Some dinosaurs had feathers although they could not fly, but birds have feathers that help them to fly. In the context of evolution, this means that feathers are homologous structures in both the organisms.

Given:
The given values =  a + 4, a – 3.5, a – 2.5, a – 3, a – 2, a + 0.5, a + 5 and a – 0.5
Concept used:
If n is odd
Median = [(n + 1)/2]^th observations
If n is even
Median = [(n/2)^th + (n/2 + 1)^th observations]/2
Calculation:
a + 4, a – 3.5, a – 2.5, a – 3, a – 2, a + 0.5, a + 5 and a – 0.5
Arrange the data in ascending order
⇒ a – 3.5, a – 3, a – 2.5, a – 2, a – 0.5, a + 0.5, a + 4, a + 5
Here, the n is 8, which is even
Median =  [(n/2)^th + (n/2 + 1)^th observations]/2
⇒ [(8/2) + (8/2 + 1)/2] term
⇒ 4^th + 5^th term
⇒ [(a – 2 + a – 0.5)/2]
⇒ [(2a – 2.5)/2]
⇒ a – 1.25
∴ The median of the data set is a – 1.25.

The best remedial strategy to remove errors in his writing is providing him with a worksheet with partially solved problems to complete the missing gaps.

Learning by doing is the concept of laboratory method.

The project method of teaching is best associated with the philosophy of B.F. Skinner.

1 is not the smallest prime number.-- 2 is the smallest prime number.
The Sum of two prime numbers is always a prime number. -- Take an example to understand it better. Two prime numbers are 5+7=12. 12 is not a prime number.
There is no even prime number. -- 2 is even prime number.
A composite number can be odd. -- Yes, a composite number can be odd. Composite numbers are numbers with more than two factors. The smallest odd composite number is 9. 

The main aims of questioning in the classrooms are to create interest and curiosity, to motivate the students and to test the previous knowledge.