CG TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 7 (Social Science) - CG TET MCQ

'Learning to learn' is the ability to pursue and persist in learning, to organise one's own learning, including effective management of time and information, both individually and in groups. So, the most effective from all the above options is 'Learning to learn'.

Constructivism is centered on the idea that human knowledge and learning are actively constructed by the learner, not passively received from the environment. Knowledge is created or constructed by the experiencing individual. It is not impersonal or absolute.

• Bruner defines constructivism as a learning theory in which learning is seen as an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current and previous knowledge.

• Teachers can identify children who take part in all school activities and those children who are always left out. so he should organize group games, debates, seminars, conferences, etc. so that students can take part in these activities.
• Teachers can make use of sociometric devices to identify isolates and cliquish in a given group. 
• The disliked or rejected can be helped by making them aware of the reasons and also planning and implementing some remedial programmes such as making groups consisting of disliked or rejected ad popular children for various work, such as assignment during school day programmes, 
• Child's hostility, tension, nervousness, rebellion. temper tantrums, withdrawal, indifference and other undesirable reactions. Hence. parents and teachers should try to understand the probable causes for their children's aggressive behaviour. 
• Teachers and parents should help the children to release their emotions by playing with dolls. Children need many opportunities at school and home to sing, play outdoor games, to tell a poem or painting to release their emotions.

Lev Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist and a social constructivist. He has propounded 'Socio-cultural Theory' which emphasizes the role of social interaction in cognitive development.

• Lev Vygotsky emphasized that the acquisition of speech is the major activity in cognitive development. 
• He believed that cognitive skills and patterns of thinking are the product of the interaction between the individual and the socio-cultural institution where the individual grows up.

Creativity involves thinking originally, recombining ideas in new ways and breaking away from set ways of thinking and behavior.

• When children are being creative, they will produce something. But their goal is not the finished product. Evaluation of the end product is more appropriate when working with older children and adults.
• Be open to children's suggestions about doing something different and venture with them as they explore their play material. Such an attitude will tell them that it is all right to try out something new.to experiment. Sometimes you may need to encourage children to explore and think for themselves if they seem hesitant to do so. 
• Schedule some activities each day that allows self-expression and make these activities as creative as possible to foster independence in them.
• Do not reward children for an activity that they like to do in the first place, in the absence of the reward so that it enhances the positive effect.

​Hence it is clear that all the above points encourage creativity.

School-based assessment was introduced to ensure the holistic development of all the students.
In order to overcome the maladies and shortcomings that had crept in during the implementation of CCE causing serious malfunctioning, school-based assessment has been proposed as next-generation assessment.
It may be fourth in the sequence of one-time external (board) examination to a combination of external and internal examination to CCE and now SBA.
School-Based Assessment (SBA) may be defined as-

• Assessment that facilitates the attainment of competencies specified in terms of learning outcomes in a holistic manner during the teaching-learning process.
• Assessment embedded in the teaching and learning process within the broader educational philosophy of ‘assessment for learning’.
• Assessment of school students by school teachers in the schools.

An anecdotal record is an observational method used frequently in classroom or learning settings in which the observer summarises a single developmental incident after the event has occurred. Written from memory, the anecdotal record documents a student's growth and trends.

Imitation learning mainly influences the personality of the child. Imitation is an advanced behavior whereby an individual observes and replicates another's behavior. An imitation is also a form of social learning that leads to the "development of traditions, and ultimately our culture.

• उपर्युक्त गद्यांश के अनुसार विक्रेता को अपने ग्राहकों को विकल्प देने होंगे।
• इस अधिकार को मोनोपोली ट्रेंड के खिलाफ बने कानूनों के जरिए लागू किया जाता है।

बच्चे के विकास में मौखिक रचना भाषा में प्रवाह प्रदान करता है, व्याकरण को सही करता है तथा आत्मविश्वास का निर्माण करता है। भाषा शिक्षण में मौखिक रचनाएँ बहुत लोकप्रिय रही हैं। विचार यह है कि शिक्षक और छात्र एक साथ काम कर रहे हैं ताकि इसे लिखने से पहले मौखिक रूप से एक कथा का निर्माण किया जा सके। पूरी कक्षा के साथ रचना के निर्माण की प्रक्रिया शिक्षक और छात्रों को तनावपूर्ण उपयोग से लेकर एकजुट तत्वों आदि तक विभिन्न प्रकार की भाषा वस्तुओं पर ध्यान केंद्रित करने की अनुमति देती है। एक बार जब बच्चा मौखिक रूप से अन्य आत्मविश्वास से संवाद करता है तो मौखिक रचना व्याकरण को बहुत प्रभावित करती है। इस तरह के अभ्यास करने के बाद उन्हें भाषा में भी निपुणता प्राप्त हो जाती है।

भाषा संवाद करने के लिए वाक् ध्वनियों का नियम-आधारित उपयोग है। भाषा विकार या भाषा अक्षमता में भाषाई जानकारी का प्रसंस्करण शामिल है।

• जिन समस्याओं का अनुभव किया जा सकता है उनमें व्याकरण (वाक्यविन्यास और/या आकृति विज्ञान), शब्दार्थ (अर्थ), भाषा को समझना या व्यक्त करना, या भाषा के अन्य पहलू शामिल हो सकते हैं।
• अव्यवस्थित भाषा एक ग्रहणशील समस्या के कारण हो सकती है, यानी भाषण ध्वनियों को समझने में कठिनाई (बिगड़ा हुआ भाषा समझ शामिल है)।
• यह एक अभिव्यंजक समस्या के कारण भी हो सकता है, अर्थात, भाषण ध्वनियों (भाषा उत्पादन को शामिल करने) के उत्पादन में कठिनाई, जो एक विशिष्ट भाषा के मनमाने नियमों का पालन करती है।
• भाषा विकारों/विकलांगताओं के अंतर्गत आने वाले विकारों में हकलाना, विशिष्ट भाषा हानि, विकासात्मक ध्वन्यात्मक विकार, वाचाघात, डिस्प्रेक्सिया आदि शामिल हैं।

इस प्रकार, यह निष्कर्ष निकाला जाता है कि जब किसी बच्चे को भाषा को समझने या व्यक्त करने में कठिनाई होती है भाषा विकलांगता कहा जाता है।

कूजन शिशुओं के भाषण के विकास का एक चरण है और इसमें एकल शब्दांश, स्वर जैसी ध्वनियों का उत्पादन होता है। कूजन, बच्चों द्वारा की जाने वाली अनमोल ध्वनि, उनका पहला मुखर विकास है और यह निश्चित  रूप से किसी भी माता-पिता के चेहरे पर मुस्कान ला सकता है।

• कूजन आपके बच्चे की आवाज़ खोजने का तरीका है। शिशु आमतौर पर तीन महीने की उम्र के आसपास कूकना (कूजन) करना शुरू कर देते हैं, लेकिन यह हर बच्चे के साथ अलग-अलग हो सकता है। कूजन हंसी और स्वर ध्वनियों का एक संयोजन है और आमतौर पर आपको यह बताती है कि आपका बच्चा खुश और संतुष्ट है। कूजन (कूइंग) विभिन्न मुंह की मांसपेशियों को संलग्न करता है।

अतः ऩिष्कर्ष निकलता है कि दो माह के आस-पास बच्चे स्वर (वॉवल) समान ध्वनियाँ निकालते हैं, इसे कूजन कहा जाएगा।

भाषा-प्रयोगशाला श्रव्य सहायक सामग्री का उदाहरण है। श्रव्य-साधन का अर्थ है, ऐसी अधिगम सहायक सामग्री जिसमें केवल कानों का प्रयोग करके शिक्षण को सहज बनाया जाता है। उदाहरण- मौखिक प्रश्नोत्तर, रेडियो, टेपरिकार्डर, लिंग्वाफोन, भाषा-प्रयोगशाला, आडियो काॅन्फैसिंग, ग्रामोफोन आदि।
अतः हम कह सकते हैं कि भाषा-प्रयोगशाला श्रव्य सहायक सामग्री का उदाहरण है।

किसी पाठ या पुस्तक को सस्वर अथवा मौनरूप से पढ़ना वाचन कहलाता है। मौन वाचन, पठन का एक प्रकार जिसमें लिखित सामग्री को बिना आवाज किए भावार्थ को समझते हुए पढ़ना शामिल होता है। इसमें नेत्र और मस्तिष्क दोनो सक्रिय होते हैं तथा यह स्वाध्याय की रुचि जागृत करने में सहायक होता है।

• आनंद और मनोरंजन प्राप्ति के उद्देश्य से लिखित सामग्री का अध्ययन करते हैं।
• सीखी हुई भाषाई ज्ञान का अभ्यास करते हैं तथा खाली समय का सदुपयोग करते हैं।
• पढ़ने की उचित गति और प्रवाह के साथ भाषा को तेजी से और बेहतर ढंग से समझते हैं।
• मुख्य रूप से साहित्य, पत्रिकाएं, उपन्यास, हास्य पुस्तकें आदि का पाठ कर सूचनाएं प्राप्त करते हैं।
• किसी अवतरण के विचार को आत्मसात करना।
• विषय वस्तु पर ध्यान केन्द्रित करना।
• गति के साथ पढ़ने की क्षमता का विकास करना।
• विषय वस्तु का अर्थ समझना।
• समय का पूर्ण लाभ उठाते हुए हिंदी के अलावा सभी विषयों का ज्ञान प्राप्त करना। 

अतः हम कह सकते  हैं कि समवेत वाचन, वैयक्तिक वाचन तथा अनुकरण वाचन मौन वाचन का प्रकार नहीं है।

Grammar teaches the child to write and speak, is the role of grammar in learning the written and spoken form of language.
The use of pure language is an art, be it oral or written. Grammar plays an important role for its clarity for the correctness of the language. For the correctness of the language, there is a need to pay special attention to the practical side along with the theoretical knowledge of grammar. Grammar education should be given from the primary stage itself.

The third line of the third paragraph states, "The sight of the little Brenton girl who did her housework filled her with terrible regrets and hopeless fantasies."

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) refers to a system of school-based evaluation of students that covers all aspects of students' development.

• CCE was introduced by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) in India to evaluate the student’s development in all aspects throughout the academic year on a continuous basis.
• The objective of CCE is to make evaluation an integral part of learning through diagnostic and remedial teaching.
• CCE helps improve student’s performance by identifying his/her learning difficulties at regular intervals right from the beginning of the academic session and employing suitable remedial measures for enhancing their learning performance.

CCE describes two different types of evaluations which include summative and formative assessment/evaluation.

• "Summative Evaluation", commonly known as  "Assessment of Learning" is a type of evaluation which:
  • measures, certifies, and reports the level of students' learning by assessing them at the end of the term.
  • produces an accurate description of students' potential and achievement to promote them to the next grades.
• "Formative evaluation", commonly known as "Assessment for Learning" is a type of evaluation which: 
  • monitor the child's progress throughout the teaching-learning process and improve students' academic achievements.
  • diagnoses and removes the learning difficulties of students with appropriate strategies.

So, it becomes clear that Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation includes both formative and summative assessments using a wide variety of strategies.

The Non-cooperation movement:

• It was launched on 5th September 1920 by the Indian National Congress (INC) under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.
• In September 1920, in a Congress session in Calcutta, the party introduced the Non-Cooperation program.
• Non-Cooperation Movement was a sequel to the Rowlatt Act, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and the Khilafat Movement.
• It was approved by the INC at the Nagpur session in December 1920.
• Khadi & Charkha became a symbol of NCM.
• The main aim of the Non- Cooperation movement was:
  • Work for the eradication of untouchability from society.
  • Adopt Swadeshi habits including hand spinning and weaving.
  • Adopt Swadeshi principles.
• The whole movement was abruptly called off on 11th February 1922 by Gandhi following the Chauri Chaura incident in the Gorakhpur district of UP (22 policemen burnt). Hence option 4 is correct.ct.

In 1994, the government gave the rights to fishing in the Tawa reservoir to private contractors.

• These contractors drove the local people away and threatened the ones who did not leave, by bringing in hoodlums.
• The villagers stood united and decided that it was time to set up an organisation and do something to protect their rights.
• Thus they formed the Tawa Matsya Sangh (TMS), which organised rallies and protests demanding their right to continue fishing for their livelihood.

Thus, it is clear that Tawa Matsya Sangh was fighting for the right to continue fishing for their livelihood.

Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.

• The British were uncomfortable with groups who moved about and did not have a fixed home.
• They wanted tribal groups or jhum cultivators to settle down and become peasant cultivators.
• Settled peasants were easier to control and administer than people who were always on the move.
• The British also wanted a regular revenue source for the state.
• So they introduced land settlements – that is, they measured the land, defined the rights of each individual to that land, and fixed the revenue demand for the state.
• Some peasants were declared landowners, others tenants.
• The tenants were to pay rent to the landowner who in turn paid revenue to the state.
• The British effort to settle jhum cultivators was not very successful.
• Settled plough cultivation is not easy in areas where water is scarce and the soil is dry.
• In fact, jhum cultivators who took to plough cultivation often suffered, since their fields did not produce good yields.
• So the jhum cultivators in north-east India insisted on continuing with their traditional practice.
• Facing widespread protests, the British had to ultimately allow them the right to carry on shifting cultivation in some parts of the forest. 

Based on the above discussion we can conclude that both the given statements (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Height of Visakhapatnam = 45 m
Height of Mount Everest = 8848 m
Difference in the heights = 8803 m or 8.80 km
The average atmospheric lapse rate results in a temperature decrease of 3.5°F/1,000 ft (6.4°C/km) of altitude.
Average decrease in temperature = 8.80 x 6.4 = 56.32° Celsius
The temperature in Visakhapatnam was 40° Celsius.
Therefore, the temperature on Mount Everest will be 40 - 56.32 = -16.352° or -16° Celsius approx.

Measurement is limited to quantitative description as it does not involve qualitative description. While on other if we talk about option 1 and option 2, they are incorrect because evaluation is not only limited to qualitative description or not only to quantitative description, evaluation is limited to both.

• Energy is very essential for the existence of every being. All planets, stars, and all the other objects in the universe are in constant need of energy.
• We know different kinds of processes happening in the universe producing energy.
• But there is only one ultimate source of energy for the planet Earth is Sun.
• All things on earth are in constant need of energy in some or other way.

The categorization system known as Bloom's taxonomy is used to identify and classify the many stages of thinking, learning, and comprehending in humans.

Field trips are trips that school districts offer to enhance or supplement the educational experience of students. Field trips include events or activities where students leave the school grounds for the purposes of curriculum-related study or outdoor education. 

The Munda are an Adivasi ethnic group originated in the Chota Nagpur Plateau region of Northeast India.

Here, corrupting refers to not fitting in the social roles. So option 3 is the correct answer.

The teacher of social studies has different roles to play, such as developing personality values, attitudes, and civic responsibility to live together in a democracy.

An “open book examination” is one in which examinees are allowed to consult their class notes, textbooks, and other approved material while answering questions. The open-book examination measuring high-level skills such as conceptualizing, problem-solving and reasoning correspond almost completely to a total, real-world situation, less stressful, less memorization, more room for logical and creative thinking.