Test: Social Science - Software Development MCQ

The Correct Answer is Buland Darwaza.

• In 1602 A.D., the Mughal emperor Akbar founded Buland Darwaza ('Door of Victory') to celebrate his victory over Gujarat.
• It is the main entrance, 43 km from Agra, India, to the Jama Masjid at Fatehpur Sikri.
• Buland Darwaza is the world's highest gateway and an illustration of Mughal architecture.
• It shows the complexity and technical heights of the empire of Akbar.
• The Buland Darwaza, lined with white and black marble, is built of red and buff sandstone and is taller than the mosque's courtyard. The Darwaza Buland is symmetrical and is surmounted by large free-standing kiosks, the chhatris.
• In the Naskh (script) at the end, verses from the Quran have been carved. These were drawn by Khwaja Hussain Chishti, Sheikh Salim Chishti's disciple.

Additional Information

•  Rajpath, Qutub Minar and Red Fort are located in India's capital Delhi.

The correct answer is Germany.

Key Points

•  Hitler was the dictator of Germany.
• Adolf Hitler
  • Birth- April 20, 1889.
  • Death- April 30, 1945.
  • He was known as Der Führer (“The Leader”) in Germany.

​Additional Information

• He became the dictator in 1933 and he committed suicide in 1945 when Germany surrendered to the Allies.
  • Allies – The Allied Powers were initially led by the UK and France.
  • In 1941 they were joined by the erstwhile USSR and the USA.
  • They fought against the Axis Powers, namely Germany, Italy and Japan.
• He was the leader of the Nazi party.
• He had enormous hate for Jews for whom he established concentration camps.
  • Nazis devised an unprecedented means of killing people, that is, by gassing them in various killing centers.
• The number of people killed included 6 million Jews, 200,000 Gypsies, 1 million Polish civilians, 70,000 Germans who were considered mentally and physically disabled, besides innumerable political opponents.
• He wrote an autobiographical book titled "Mein Kampf" (My struggle) in 1925.

Important Points

The correct answer is Mawsynram.

Key Points

• The highest rainfall in India and the world is recorded at Mawsynram village of Meghalaya.
• It is also known as the land of clouds.
• Mawsynram is a village located in the East Khasi Hills in the district of Meghalaya state in northeastern India, which is 65 kilometres from Shillong.
• Mawsynram receives approximately 11,872 millimetres of rain in an average year.
• The main majority of rains is during the monsoon season.
• Basically, due to the high altitude, it rarely gets truly hot in Mawsynram.
• 14,234 mm is the recorded rainfall in the year 2010.
• According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Mawsynram received 26,000 millimetres (1,000 in) of rainfall in 1985.

Additional Information 

• The second rainiest place is Cherrapunji, which is also located in Meghalaya.
• Here the average annual rainfall is around 11,430 mm (450 in) per year.
• India is a vast country in geographical terms, with various regions experiences very different climatic conditions.
• This is also reflected in the distribution of rainfall in India. Some regions experience very high rainfall and others receive very scanty rainfall.
• The difference between the recorded highest and lowest rainfall in India is approximately 1178 cm.

The correct answer is 2009.

Key Points

• The 86th amendment to the constitution of India in 2002, provided the Right to Education as a fundamental right in part-III of the Constitution.
• The first official document on the Right to Education was Ramamurti Committee Report in 1990.
• Tapas Majumdar Committee (1999) was set up, which encompassed the insertion of Article 21A.
• The Right to Education serves as a building block to ensure that every child has his or her right to get a quality elementary education.

Important Points

• Features of Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009 -
  • The RTE Act aims to provide primary education to all children aged 6 to 14 years.
  • It enforces Education as a Fundamental Right (Article 21).
  • The act mandates 25% reservation for disadvantaged sections of the society.
  • It had a clause for “No Detention Policy” which has been removed under The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (Amendment) Act, 2019.
  • It also states that sharing of financial and other responsibilities between the Central and State Governments.

Additional Information

• Some important 'Parts' of the Indian Constitution:
  • Part 2 - Citizenship
  • Part 3 - Fundamental Rights
  • Part 4 - Directive Principles of State Policy
  • Part 4A - Fundamental Duties
  • Part 14 - UPSC and SPSC.
  • Part 15 - Election Commission
  • Part 17 - Official language
  • Part 20 - Amendment of Constitution

The correct answer is Shamsuddin Iltutmish.

Key Points

• Shamsuddin Iltutmish (1211 AD-1236 AD)
  • He was a slave of Qutubuddin Aibak and occupied the throne of Delhi in 1211 AD after deposing Aram Bakhsh.
  • He regarded as the ‘real founder of the Slave Dynasty and the Delhi Sultanate’ because he freed the Delhi Sultanate from the claim of suzerainty by the rulers of Ghazni. 
  • He made Delhi the capital in place of Lahore.
  • He saved Delhi Sultanate from the wrath of Changez Khan by refusing shelter to Khwarizm Shah, whom Changez Khan was chasing.
  • He got his authority (Sultanate of Delhi) recognised by the Caliph of Baghdad (Khalifa) as a member of the world fraternity of Islamic states.
  • He completed the construction of Qutub Minar.
  • He constituted a group of 40 nobles known as Turkan-i-Chahalgani or Chalisa.
  • He started the Iqta-dar system in Delhi Sultanate. This is an assignment of land in lieu of salary, which he distributed to his officers.
  • He introduced the silver coin (tanka) and the copper coin (jital).
  • He patronised Minhaj-al-Siraj, author of Tabaqat-i-Nasiri.
  • Shamsuddin Iltutmish is known as the real founder of the Slave dynasty.

Additional Information

• Qutubuddin Aibak was the founder of the slave dynasty.
• Aram Shah was the son of Qutubuddin Aibak.
• Razia Sultan was the first and last Muslim woman ruler of Medieval India.

The correct answer is China.

• China is the world's largest producer of coal.
• Coal is a solid organic material that is used as a fuel.

Key Points

• Coal is very important as it is a major source of energy.
• About 35% to 40% of the total energy is produced from coal.
• Four types of coal are available in the market known as Anthracite, Bituminous, Lignite, and Peat.
• China is followed by India, the US, Australia, and Indonesia as the major coal-producing countries.
• The process of coal mining and energy production from coal is very directly harmful to the environment.
• Coal is a major factor behind acid rain.
• The most damaging result of the use of coal has been seen in the form of global warming. 

Additional Information

• India is second on the list of the world's largest coal-producing countries, producing around 783 million tonnes in 2019,  just under 10% of the global share. 

Pietra Dura is a fine inlay work with semi-precious stones.

Important Points

• Pietra Dura is an elaborate architectural technique introduced by Shah Jahan during his reign.
• His reign is known as the Golden Age of the Mughal Architecture who built some of the extraordinary buildings and forts like the Taj Mahal, the Red Fort, Jama Masjid, and Shalimar Bagh.
• His buildings include Persian styles, fine white marbles, domes, symmetrical designs, curved lines, etc.
• One of the distinctive features of his building is Petra Dura or Parchin Kari where semi-precious stones like lapis lazuli, topaz, and onyx were carved into the fine marble to create different floral images.
• Pietra Dura inlays were prominent in the Red Fort at Delhi where a series of Pietra Dura were inlaid behind the emperor's throne.

Hence, we can conclude that Pietra Dura is a floral design embedded into marbles.

The correct answer is Core.

Key Points

• Earth Core:
  • The innermost layer of the earth is known as the core.
  • It is divided into the inner core and the outer core.
  • It comprises a high concentration of nickel and iron.
  • The outer core:
    • The outer core, surrounding the inner core, lies between 2900 km and 5100 km below the earth’s surface.
    • The outer core is composed of iron mixed with nickel (nife) and trace amounts of lighter elements.
  • The Inner Core:
    • The inner core extends from the center of the earth to 5100 km below the earth’s surface.
    • The inner core is generally believed to be composed primarily of iron (80%) and some nickel (nife).
    • Since this layer can transmit shear waves (transverse seismic waves), it is solid. (When P-waves strike the outer core inner core boundary, they give rise to S-waves)

Additional Information

• The mantle is the widest section of the Earth. Its thickness is approximately 2,900 km.
  • The mantle is mainly made up of semi-molten rock known as magma.
  • The rock is hard in the upper part of the mantle, but lower down the rock is softer and begins to melt. 
  • The mantle is located directly under the Sima
• The crust is the outer layer where we live.
  • The thickness is around 0-60 km.
  • It is a solid rock layer divided into two types:
    1. Continental crust covers the land
    2. Oceanic crust covers water
• Sima is an antiquated blended term for the lower layer of Earth's crust. This layer is made of rocks rich in magnesium silicate minerals.

Key Points

Rock cycle:​​

• Rocks do not remain in their original form for a long period.
• They undergo a transformation.
• This cycle is an uninterrupted process through which old rocks are converted into new ones.
• Igneous rocks are primary rocks.
• These rocks can be changed into metamorphic rocks.
• Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks are formed from these primary rocks.
• The fragments evolved out of metamorphic rocks and igneous again form into sedimentary rocks.
• Sedimentary rocks themselves can develop into fragments.
• The crustal rocks -igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary-once formed may be carried down into the interior of the Earth through subduction.
• In this process, parts or entire crustal plates subduct under another plate and the same melt at high temperatures in the interior.
• This results in the formation of molten magma, the unique source for igneous rocks.
• The process of transformation follows the steps,  'Igneous rocks - sediment - sedimentary rocks - metamorphic rocks - magma'​ 
• The image below clearly explains the rock cycle.

Hence, rock cycle is the process of transformation of rock from one to another

The right to equality provides for the equal treatment of everyone before the law, prevents discrimination on various grounds, treats everybody as equals in matters of public employment, and abolishes untouchability, and titles (such as Sir, Rai Bahadur, etc.).

Important Points

Abolition of Untouchability:

• Article 17 abolishes ‘untouchability’ and forbids its practise in any form. The enforcement of any disability arising out of untouchability shall be an offence punishable in accordance with the law.
• A person convicted of the offence of ‘untouchability’ is disqualified for election to the Parliament or state legislature. The acts of offences include:
  • Preaching untouchability directly or indirectly.
  • Preventing any person from entering any shop, hotel, public place of worship and place of public entertainment.
  • Refusing to admit persons in hospitals, educational institutions or hostels established for public benefit.
  • Justifying untouchability on traditional, religious, philosophical or other grounds.
  • Insulting a person belonging to a scheduled caste on the ground of untouchability.

Thus, we can conclude that the practice of untouchability stands abolished and Its practice in any form is punishable by law.