Karnataka TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 2 (Science and Mathematics) - Karnataka TET MCQ

Intelligence involves a number of abilities together. It is the ability to understand the incoming information and make sense of it. It is the ability to acquire new skills and use the existing knowledge to complete a task or deal with a situation. 

According to Kohlberg the pre-conventional level of moral development of a child shows no internalization of moral values. In this level, the moral reasoning of the child is controlled by external rewards and punishment.
Pre-conventional Level:

• Obedience and Punishment: Based on avoiding punishment, a focus on the consequences of actions, rather than intentions; intrinsic deference to authority
• Individualism and Exchange: The “right” behaviours are those that are in the best interest of oneself, tit for tat mentality.

Classification of students in different groups on the basis of their IQ tends to decrease their self-esteem and has no effect on their academic performance.

Student-centred learning, also known as learner-centred education, broadly encompasses methods of teaching that shift the focus of instruction from the teacher to the student. Question-answer method is based on teacher's own discretion and does not put learner first.

The theory of Maslow's hierarchy of needs basically talks about how all humans have different levels of needs for survival and they work to make money to fulfill those needs. Thus, the news of 'a woman selling her child to obtain food' may be understood best on the basis of theory of hierarchical needs.

Right to Education Act (RTE) is an act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4th August, 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution.
After the implementation of RTE Act 2009, the classrooms are age-wise more homogeneous.

The best way to inculcate moral values in children is demonstration of the moral values by teachers and elders. Students have a knack of imitating elders, especially parents and teachers. Any move taken by the elder seriously affects the students learning ability. They try to imitate them, and thus the moral values are inculcated, which later on are inculcated as habit.

• उपर्युक्त गद्यांश के अनुसार दुकानदार से उसकी शिकायत करने पर हमें उसका दुर्व्यवहार झेलना पड़ता है।
• अर्थात दुकानदार की शिकायत करने पर उपभोक्ताओं को उनका दुर्व्यवहार झेलना पड़ता है।

निम्नलिखित कुछ महान गतिविधियाँ हैं जिनमें शिक्षक छात्रों के सुनने के कौशल का मूल्यांकन कर सकते हैं:

• सुनना और अंकित करना: इस विशेष गतिविधि का उपयोग उन छात्रों के साथ किया जा सकता है जो अंग्रेजी में खुद को व्यक्त करने के लिए संघर्ष करते हैं, सुनना और अंकित करना सुनने को बोलने से अलग करते हैं। बस अपने छात्रों से कागज का एक खाली टुकड़ा निकालने के लिए कहें और उन्हें निर्देश दें कि क्या आकर्षित करना है।
• श्रुतलेख: इस गतिविधि के साथ, शिक्षक आसानी से छात्रों के सुनने के कौशल का मूल्यांकन कर सकते हैं। शिक्षक को बस कुछ शब्दों का चयन करना है और फिर शब्दों को एक-एक करके बुलाना है और शब्दों को बुलाने के बाद कम से कम एक बार दोहराना है। सभी शब्दों को कॉल करने के बाद, जो छात्रों को एक अलग कागज के टुकड़े पर लिखना है। शिक्षक पेपर एकत्र करता है और वहां से वह प्रत्येक छात्र को उनकी सुनने की समझ के आधार पर मूल्यांकन करना शुरू कर सकता है।
• मौखिक प्रस्तुतियाँ: इसे अकादमिक पाठ्यक्रमों में अधिक देखा जाता है जहाँ परीक्षार्थियों को किसी दिए गए या चयनित विषय के बारे में बात करनी होती है, फिर भी, इसका मतलब यह नहीं है कि इसका उपयोग अन्य शिक्षार्थियों का आकलन करने के लिए नहीं किया जा सकता है। स्कोर करना भी आसान है क्योंकि परीक्षार्थी एक विशिष्ट विषय के बारे में बोलता है।

इसलिए, हम यह निष्कर्ष निकाल सकते हैं कि शब्दावली मूल्यांकन कार्य सुनने के कौशल के मूल्यांकन की गतिविधि नहीं है।

आधुनिकतावाद की मुख्य विशेषता‘आत्मचेतना’ है। गद्यांश के अनुसार- वाक्य संदर्भ - आधुनिकतावाद की एक मुख्य विशेषता आत्म-चेतना है। आत्म चेतना का अर्थ - दर्शन और मनोविज्ञान में वह स्थिति जिसमें किसी प्रकार की अनुभूति होने पर उसके साथ ही इस बात की भी चेतना या ज्ञान होता है कि हमें यह अनुभूति हो रही है।

कुमार किसी पठन सामग्री में से किसी शब्द विशेष की पहचान कर लेता है या जब कुछ बोला जाए तब भी शब्द विशेष की पहचान कर लेता है परन्तु स्वयं की भाषा में इसका प्रयोग नहीं कर पता है। आप इस शब्द संपदा को निष्क्रिय शब्द-संपदा कहेंगे।
शब्द संपदा (शब्दकोश, शब्दावली) शब्दों का एक सेट है जो एक व्यक्ति अपने भाषण में समझता है और उपयोग करता है।
शब्द संपदा आमतौर पर दो प्रकारों में विभाजित होती है: सक्रिय और निष्क्रिय।

• सक्रिय शब्दावली - ये ऐसे शब्द हैं जो एक व्यक्ति नियमित रूप से मौखिक भाषण और लेखन में उपयोग करता है।
• निष्क्रिय शब्दावली - यह उन शब्दों का सेट है जो एक व्यक्ति कान से या पढ़ते समय जानता और समझता है, लेकिन खुद उनका उपयोग नहीं करता है।
• जॉन रेनॉल्ड्स और पेट्रीसिया एकर्स के अनुसार, "आपकी निष्क्रिय शब्दावली में सक्रिय से अधिक शब्द होने की संभावना है। अपने लेखन में शब्दावली की सीमा में सुधार करने का एक तरीका है अपने निष्क्रिय से सक्रिय शब्दावली में शब्दों को स्थानांतरित करने का प्रयास करना"

'भाषा के खंड' का अध्ययन जो एक वाक्य से बड़ा है वह प्रवचन है। यह लिखित और मौखिक संचार को दर्शाता है। यह प्रत्येक तौर-तरीके और संचार के संदर्भ में बातचीत का एक वैचारिक सामान्यीकरण है।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से ‘आविष्कार’ शब्द ‘आविस्’ उपसर्ग से बना है।
‘आविस्’ उपसर्ग का अर्थ प्रकट या बाहर होना है। आविष्कार में मूल शब्द कार है। इसके अन्य उदहारण- आविष्कृत।

पद्यांश में आयी पंक्तियाँ:-

• हवा का ज़ोर वर्षा की झड़ी, झाड़ों का गिर पड़ना
  कहीं गरजन का जाकर दूर सिर के पास फिर पड़ना​

यहाँ बादल के गर्जन को इतना तेज़ बताया है जैसे वह सिर के पास ही फट रहा हो। 

Let's discuss the marked option first; i.e. 'Adverb':

• Adverbs are used to add more information about a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a clause or a whole sentence.
  E.g. - very tall (modifying adjective 'tall'), ended too quickly (modifying another adverb 'quickly), Fortunately, I had brought an umbrella (modifying the whole sentence).
• However (adverb): despite what has been said earlier
  Ex: This is one possible solution to the problem. However, there are others. ('however' is modifying the whole clause 'This is one possible solution to the problem')
• Similarly, in the given question sentence, 'however' adds information to the previous sentence 'Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them'.

Therefore, the correct part of speech of the asked word is 'Adverb'.
(Option 3) is the correct answer.

Language teaching refers to a process whereby a child gains communicative comprehension or fluency over a language. It involves practice by learners where facilitation is provided by a teacher. There are several methods of English language teaching and Communicative Approach is one of them.
The communicative approach is a method of language teaching which makes learners confident to communicate effectively by involving them in real communication.
It highlights the importance of real communication for learning to take place rather than emphasizing writing skills and grammatical aspects of communication.
In the communicative approach to ELT, development of language learning or teaching involves a shift from form-based to a meaning-based approach as it:

• aims to strengthen fluency, not the accuracy.
• promotes learners to encounter with real life situations.
• focuses on communication rather than grammatical structures.
• emphasizes the functional use of language in the real context.
• prepares the learners for meaningful and authentic communicative activity.
• lays emphasis on using language to communicate meaningfully in the target language.

So, it could be concluded that in the communicative approach to ELT, development of language learning or teaching involves a shift from form-based to a meaning-based approach.

• A noun is a word that refers to a thing, a person, an animal, a place, a quality, an idea, or an action. 
• The error lies in the usage of the verb changing instead of the noun change.
• Here, change is a noun that means an act or process through which something becomes different.
  Example: It is a historical change.
• ​Thus, change is the correct word to be used in the given sentence.

Hence, the correct sentence is: The ability to lead the automation change will be a crucial skill in the organization.

The underlined words represent the ability of a person to recall something.

Assessment is done to determine the outcomes (what students have learned), process (the way they learned), and their approach to the learning before, during, or after the program or course.

• During instruction, the assessment can be used to determine what students are learning so that if there is a need, the teacher can adjust their teacher.
• It is a process-oriented approach that is used to identify the areas for improvement in the learning process.

Some poems are included in English Readers so as to let pupils learn metre and prosody. In poetry, mettre is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse. The foot is the basic metrical unit that forms part of a line of verse in most Western traditions of poetry, including English accentual-syllabic verse and the quantitative metre of classical ancient Greek and Latin poetry.

Grouping concerns (i) the system of language, and (ii) its structures. Grouping the system of language means what sounds, words, phrases and meanings are to be taught.

Learning objectives are brief statements that describe what students will be expected to learn by the end of school year, course, unit, lesson, project, or class period. In many cases, learning objectives are the interim academic goals that teachers establish for students who are working toward meeting more comprehensive learning standards.

The main objectives of teaching poetry at the secondary level are as follows:

• To understand and derive pleasure from the given poem.
• To appreciate the beauty of the language and the thought in the poem.
• To recite the poem with proper beats, stress, accent, intonation and
• rhythm.
• To kindle the students' imagination and develop their aesthetic sense.

The nature of these objectives, though laudable, is complimentary in the process of language learning. Only the objectives of teaching prose and fiction fulfill the needs of the learner in so far as the intensive and extensive reading skills, writing and communication skills are concerned.

Given :
Base of the prism is trapezium parallel sides of trapezium are 11 cm and 15 cm
Height of the trapezium = 9 cm
Volume of the prism = 1614.6 cm³
Formula used :
Area of trapezium = (1/2) × (sum of parallel sides) × height        ------ (1)
Volume of prism = Area of the base × height         ----- (2)
Calculations :
Using equation (1), we get
Area of trapezium = (1/2) × (11 + 15) × 9
⇒ (1/2) × 26 × 9
⇒ 13 × 9 
⇒ 117 cm²
Using equation (2)
Let h be the height of the prism
⇒ Volume of prism with base as trapezium =  Base area of trapezium × height
⇒ 1614.6 = 117 × h
⇒ h = 1614.6/117
⇒ h = 13.8 cm
∴ The height (in cm) of the prism is 13.8 cm.

In parallelopiped, 
Vertex (v) = 8
Edges(e) = 12
Faces (f) = 6
∴ (v - e + f) = 8 - 12 + 6 = 2

• As we move down the group, the number of energy levels (n) increases, and the distance between the nucleus and the outermost orbital increases resulting in a larger atomic radius as well as size. The nuclear charge is not enough to reduce the size of the atom.
• As we move across the period, the atomic size decreases. Because all the electrons are added to the same shell and protons are added to the nucleus, the attraction between them increases resulting in a smaller size.
• Metals exist as cations in their compounds. Cations are positively charged ions.
• Metals react with those compounds which can easily accept an electron.
• Electron donors donate the electrons and act as reducing agents.
• While moving down the group, as the size increases, it becomes easy for the metals to donate electrons, and there is less attraction between nucleus and valence electrons, therefore metallic character increases.
• Non-metallic character increases as we move across the period due to a decrease in size.

So in the given question, Assertion is true and Reason is False, option (1) is correct.

Isotones are the elements having same number of neutrons. In ⁶C₁₃ and ⁷N₁₄, the numbers of neutrons are the same (that is 7).

Friction: The property of a surface that opposes the relative motion between two surfaces is called friction.

Friction (f) = μ N
where μ is the coefficient of friction and N is the normal force.

Cognitive validity requires that the content, process, language, and pedagogical practices of the curriculum should be age-appropriate and within the cognitive reach and understanding level of children. 

The main aims of questioning in the classrooms are to create interest and curiosity, to motivate the students and to test the previous knowledge.