Karnataka TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 10 (Social Science) - Karnataka TET MCQ

Learning is a process by which the individual acquires various habits, knowledge, and attitude that are necessary to meet the demands of life in general. There are different factors that affect learning.
These include learner-centered factors like motivation, needs, self-concept, interests, goals, level of aspiration, etc., teacher and task-related factors such as teaching style, classroom ethos, transactional skills, and methodology, etc., and environmental factors such as the physical and psychological structures in which learning occurs.
Ashok is very fond of playing cricket and he is very good at it too. He is the captain of his college team. He spends long hours playing or watching cricket and never gets tired or bored. Motivation and personal factors is affecting learning in this example.

• Ashok is intrinsically motivated i.e. he derives internal satisfaction from the game. Intrinsic motivation is closely related to one's need for self-fulfillment, and achievement.
• These needs impel us to become better by learning more, interacting with our environment, and developing ourselves.
• Learning is most effective when there is intrinsic motivation - a desire to learn from within, which finds satisfaction in the achievement itself and does not bother about other factors.

Thus, it is concluded motivation is the personal factor that affects learning in the given an example.
Maturation: A one-year-old cannot be made to write and a three months old child cannot walk. Unless the learner has 'matured' optimally, he cannot learn. In order for learning to take place, physical, intellectual, and socio-emotional maturation is essential. Also, individual variations in the process of maturation should be acknowledged and appropriately dealt with.
Self-concept: Self-concept is very important in matters of learning because it influences individual differences in learners, in their, learning orientations, cognitive styles, and the self-learning strategies which they use.
Level of aspiration: This refers to the extent to which an individual wish to strive to achieve. It emanates from the targets, goals, and ambitions that individuals construct for themselves.

Inclusive Education: It is concerned with the learning and participation of all students vulnerable to exclusionary pressures not only those with impairments or those who are categorised ‘having special educational needs’. Inclusion is all about embracing all.

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation, commonly known as 'CCE', was introduced as a school-based evaluation system by the CBSE in 2009 with the enactment of the Right to Education Act.

• Continuous and comprehensive Evaluation mainly aims at promoting Inclusive education. 
• CCE can be incorporated in the inclusive classroom while engaging in teaching through a variety of activities.
• Incorporating strategies for attending to diverse needs in classrooms would be particularly useful in developing CCE processes for the classroom.

Aims of CCE:

• Emphasizing continuity and regularity of assessment.
• Assessing both scholastic and co-scholastic aspects of a child's growth.
• Emphasize the thought process and de-emphasize memorization as CCE includes all aspects of students' development.
• Recording the methods of learning to make the required improvements.
• Making evaluation an integral part of learning through diagnostic and remedial teaching.
• Evaluating children comprehensively rather than focus only on cognitive or intellectual functioning. 
• Ensuring all-around development of students including cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains.
• Evaluate every aspect of the child during their presence at the school.
• Developing a student's cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains.
• Assessing both scholastic and co-scholastic aspects of a child's growth.
• Evaluation of the interest of the child during their presence at the school.
• Observing and recording the methods of learning to make improvements.

So, we can conclude that Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation mainly aims at promoting Inclusive education.

The evaluation in which the evaluation is done by the one who teaches students is internal.
An internal evaluation is done by someone who knows the subject taught. It is usually the class teacher. The criterion is that the evaluator knows what has been taught and how it has been taught. All other types of evaluation are external evaluations.

नाटक शिक्षण खेल-खेल में भाषा कौशल को सीखने का माध्यम है। नाटक शिक्षण उपरोक्त सभी से संबंधित है।
नाटक- जो रचना श्रवण के द्वारा ही नही अपितु दृष्टि के द्वारा भी दर्शकों के हृदय में रसानुभूती कराती है, उसे नाटक कहते हैं। नाटक में संवाद अदायगी सर्वाधिक महत्त्वपूर्ण है। 

कविता के अनुसार "अब कहाँ जाते जंगल" का भाव  जंगलों को काटने एवं उन्हें नष्ट करने की बात कहीं गयी है। जब इंसान बढ़ने लगे तो वे जंगल को कटाने लगे जिससे जंगली जानवर घटने लगे।

गद्यांश के अनुसार, "नए साल का आगमन और पुराने की विदाई यह हमारा कालबोध ही तो है। आगत का स्वागत भारतीय परम्परा के मूल में है।"

• राष्ट्रभाषा सारे देश की संपर्क भाषा है।
• राष्ट्रभाषा के साथ जनता का भावात्मक लगाव रहता है क्योंकि उसके साथ जनसाधारण की सांस्कृतिक परंपरायें जुड़ी रहती हैं। 

उक्त पद्यांश के अनुसार कुछ भी इसलिए नहीं कहा जा रहा क्योंकि "बंधन और बेबसी" है। बंधन का अर्थ:- स्वतंत्र न होना, बंधा हुआ होना

• बेबसी- का अर्थ:- विवशता, लाचारी

बारहसिंघा अयोध्या में नहीं पाया जाता है।
गद्यांश से

• "बारहसिंघा दुधवा राष्ट्रीय उद्यान, हस्तिनापुर अभ्यारण, असम के काजीरंगा राष्ट्रीय उद्यान और बंगाल के सुन्दरवनो में भी पाया जाता है।"

'निर्मम' शब्द में उपसर्ग है- 'निर्'
निर् + मम = निर्मम
'निर्' (बिना) उपसर्ग और 'मम' (मेरा) मूल शब्द
अर्थ: जिसमें दयाभाव न हो, निर्दयी, ममतारहित, निष्ठुर।
विलोम शब्द- 'दयालु'

पठन कौशल विकसित करने से पहले बालक में निम्न दक्षताएँ या पठन तत्परता विकसित करना-

• वर्णों के आकार व आकृति में अंतर कर सके। 
• वर्णमाला के विभिन्न वर्णों के घुमावों और आकृतियों की बनावट में विभेद कर सकें। जैसे- इ और ह के घुमाव में तथा म और भ की बनावट में केवल थोड़ा सा अन्तर है।
• ध व घ की बनावट में सुक्ष्म भेद(चाक्षुष विभेदन) है।
• विभिन्न वर्णों की ध्वनियों में विभेद कर सकें। जैसे- स और श, बार-भार, पढ़ना-पड़ना आदि(ध्वनि श्रव्य विभेदन)।
• ध्वनियों का चित्रों, वस्तुओं, आकृतियों के साथ संबंध जोड़ सकें (श्रव्य-दृश्य-साहचर्य)।
• बाईं से दाईं ओर लिखने की आदत डाल सकें(दिशात्मकता)।
• मानक भाषा में उपयुक्त शब्दावली का प्रयोग कर सके(शब्द भण्डार विकास)।
• पुस्तकों का उपयोग करने की जानकारी विकसित कर सकें और उनको संभालने में रुची दिखा सकें(पुस्तक व्यवस्था)।
• पठन कौशल अर्थात् लिपि चिन्हों की पहचान कर सकें।

अतः हम कह सकते हैं कि पठन कौशल से आशय हैं- लिपि चिन्हों की पहचान करना।

'ट्रांसफार्मेशनल ग्रामर' की बुनियाद चॉम्स्की के द्वारा रखी गयी है।

• उनका दृढ़ विश्वास है कि बच्चों में भाषा सीखने की क्षमता जन्मजात होती है जो भाषा अधिग्रहण में आधार के रूप में कार्य करती है।
• चॉम्स्की ने 'भाषा अर्जन क्षमता' सिद्धांत में पूर्व स्थापित संरचनावादी भाषा-वैज्ञानिकों की मान्यताओं के चुनौती देकर ट्रांसफार्मेशनल ग्रामर की बुनियाद रखी।
• चॉम्स्की के अनुसार बच्चें शब्दों की निश्चित संख्या से कुछ निश्चित नियमों का अनुकरण करते हुए वाक्यों का निर्माण करना सीख जाते है। वाक्य निर्माण के इस नियम को चॉम्स्की ने जेनेरेटिव ग्रामर की संज्ञा दी।

इस कविता में बार-बार प्रयुक्त शब्द ‘अग्निपथ’ है- प्रतीक
पद्यांश के अनुसार-

• कवि ने 'अग्नि पथ' जीवन के कठिनाई भरे रास्ते के प्रतीक के रूप में प्रयोग किया है।

बारिश : झंझावात शब्द का अर्थ नहीं है।
झंझावात शब्द का अर्थ : तेज़ आँधी, अंधड़, प्रचंड वायु, आँधी या ऐसी आंधी जिसके साथ बारिश भी हो।

आकलन अधिगम की प्रगति में सुधार के लिए डेटा एकत्र करने, प्राप्त करने और विश्लेषण करने की प्रक्रिया है।
तीन प्रकार के आकलन हैं: अधिगम के लिए आकलन (रचनात्मक आकलन), अधिगम का आकलन (योगात्मक आकलन) और अधिगम के रूप में आकलन (प्रामाणिकआकलन)।
प्रामाणिकआकलन (अधिगम के रूप में आकलन)- यह एक गतिविधि या कार्य का उपयोग है जो बच्चों को अपने स्वयं के अधिगम में सुधार के लिए आकलन का उपयोग करने में मदद करता है।
जब विद्यार्थी स्वयं अपने आकलन कर्ता बन जाते है तो इसे सीखने के रूप में आकलन कहा जाता है। 
यह बच्चों को अपने स्वयं के अधिगम पर प्रतिबिंबित करने और समायोजन करने में मदद करता है ताकि वे अवधारणाओं की गहन समझ प्राप्त कर सकें।
यह शिक्षार्थियों के निष्पादन के मापन का वह उपगम जो प्रत्यक्ष एवं सुसंगत तरीक से जाँच करता है कि अधिगम उद्देश्य प्राप्त हुए हैं या नहीं।
यह नैदानिक मूल्यांकन पर आधारित।
सीखने के रूप में आकलन एक रचनात्मक आकलन है जो विद्यार्थियों को अपने स्वयं के अधिगम का आकलन करने और समायोजन करने के लिए अधिसंज्ञानात्मक प्रक्रियाओं के शिक्षण पर केंद्रित है। 
अतः निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि शिक्षार्थियों के निष्पादन के मापन का वह उपगम जो प्रत्यक्ष एवं सुसंगत तरीक से जाँच करता है कि अधिगम उद्देश्य प्राप्त हुए हैं या नहीं। प्रमाणिक आकलन है।
अतः विकल्प (B) सही  है।

• Let's take a look at the meaning of the marked option: 
• Notices means 'to see or become conscious of something or someone'.
  • Ex: I noticed a crack in the ceiling.
• Pays heed to means 'to pay attention to'.
• It's clear that 'notices' is closed in meaning to 'pays heed to'.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3).

Option (4) presents a theme related to the passage and gives the student an already reached conclusion. So, it is incorrect. Option (2) is the correct answer as there can be different interpretations based on the characters of the rabbit and the sparrow.

An input-rich comprehensible communicational environment is a prerequisite for any language classroom. The two main goals of English language teaching are to communicate effectively and to be able to use language to acquire knowledge.

An educated person learns four language skills.
The four language skills are: Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing.

'Last year' indicates past tense. So, past form 'didn't' will be used. Here, we are talking about two people. So, 'they' will be used. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

The purpose of an assignment is to gather extra information beyond what was taught in the class. The teacher must, therefore, explain what she expects the students to learn from the given assignment.

In the first case:
Valency of X = +3
Valency of S = -2
Therefore, in this case, the formula for the sulphide of the element X = X₂S₃
In the second case:
Valency of X = +5
Valency of S = -2
Therefore, in this case, the formula for the sulphide of the element X = X₂S₅

• Pandita Ramabai, a great scholar of Sanskrit, felt that Hinduism was oppressive towards women, and wrote a book about the miserable lives of upper-caste Hindu women. Hence, statement B is true.
• She founded a widows’ home at Poona to provide shelter to widows who had been treated badly by their husbands’ relatives. Thus, statement A is true.
• Here women were trained so that they could support themselves economically.
• Pandita Ramabai herself had experienced the challenges faced by widows in India, having lost her own husband at a young age.
• She was determined to help other widows who were often treated as outcasts and denied basic human rights.
• In addition to founding the Sharada Sadan, Pandita Ramabai also established the Mukti Mission in Kedgaon, Maharashtra, which provided education and vocational training to women and children.
• She was a strong advocate for women's education and empowerment and worked tirelessly throughout her life to improve the status of women in Indian society.

Hence we conclude that the correct option is both (A) and (B) are true, and (B) is the precursor to (A).

The government comprises three branches: The executive, The legislative, and The judiciary. 

The Labrador Current is a cold ocean current that flows southward along the coast of eastern Canada, extending as far south as the Grand Banks of Newfoundland.

• It is a component of the North Atlantic Gyre, which is a large circular ocean current system that includes the Gulf Stream and other currents.
• The Labrador Current is formed by the mixing of cold water from the Arctic and subarctic regions with the warm water of the Gulf Stream.
• The cold water originates from the Labrador Sea, which is located to the north of the current's path.
• The Labrador Sea is an area of intense oceanic mixing and upwelling, where cold, nutrient-rich water rises to the surface and is exposed to the atmosphere.
• This process results in the formation of a cold, dense layer of water that flows southward along the eastern coast of Canada.
• The Labrador Current is an important component of the oceanic and atmospheric circulation of the region.
• It has a significant impact on the climate and weather patterns of eastern Canada and the northeastern United States.
• The cold water carried by the current lowers the temperature and humidity of the coastal regions, leading to cooler and drier conditions.
• The current also influences the formation of sea ice and the movement of marine species, including whales, seals, and fish.
• In addition to its scientific significance, the Labrador Current has played an important role in the history and culture of eastern Canada.
• It has shaped the development of coastal communities and the fisheries that rely on the region's abundant marine resources.
• The current has also been a subject of fascination and inspiration for artists, writers, and explorers who have been drawn to the rugged and wild beauty of the eastern Canadian coast

Indigo Commission set up by the British Government recommended a decrease in the revenue for the Indigo farmers. The Indigo Commission was set up to enquire into the system of Indigo production.

• The Sun has been radiating a tremendous quantity of power at the present rate for almost 5 billion years.
• And could keep radiating at that rate for approximately 5 billion years more.
• Only a little amount of solar energy reaches the outer layer of the earth’s atmosphere.
• Nearly half of the solar energy is absorbed while passing through the atmosphere and the rest of the solar energy reaches the earth’s surface.

Studies in the field of social sciences are based on data that are collected from two sources: primary sources and secondary sources. 

• Data and information from primary sources are collected first hand. Hence, collecting data from primary sources involves a direct investigation by the researcher. For example, if we want to know which brand of washing soap is most popular among the low-income group in a city, we would identify colonies in which the population of the low-income group people is high.
• Thereafter, we would go to the shop and find out from the shopkeepers which brand of washing soap is sold most.
• Subsequently, we would speak to some of the buyers to find out the reasons for which they choose a particular brand over others. This is the process of direct investigation that yields primary data. 

Thus the correct sequence is c, a, b.

According to Census 2011, literacy rate is defined as the total percentage of the population of an area at a particular time aged seven years or above who can read and write with understanding. Here, the denominator is the population aged seven years or more.
Hence, option (3) is correct.