OTET Paper 2 Mock Test - 6 (Science and Mathematics) - OTET MCQ

Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, has made a systematic study of cognitive development in his theory that is categorized in four stages. 
According to Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory:

• Cognitive development takes place at different rates at different stages of development.
• Cognition develops through the interaction between the child and the environment.
• Piaget’s theory focuses not only on understanding how children acquire knowledge but also on understanding the nature of the child’s intelligence.

Teachers need to create a good classroom environment to facilitate children’s learning. To create such a learning environment, compliance with teachers of the given statements is not true.
The environment in which learning takes place may be described as a composite of natural conditions, circumstances and influences, and sociocultural contexts in which an individual is situated. Therefore, you can say that the learning environment is the sum total of the surroundings in which individuals interact to enrich experiences and thus leading to learning.

Special education is the practice of educating students in a way that provides accommodations that address their individual differences, disabilities, and special needs. Ideally, this process involves the individually planned and systematically monitored arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials, and accessible settings. Special education refers to a range of educational and social services provided by the public school system and other educational institutions to individuals with disabilities who are between three and 21 years of age. Special education is designed to ensure that students with disabilities are provided with an environment that allows them to be educated effectively.

An internal evaluation is done by someone who knows the subject taught. It is usually the class teacher. The criterion is that the evaluator knows what has been taught and how it has been taught. All other types of evaluation are external evaluations.

उपर्युक्त गद्यांश के अनुसार उपभोक्ता किसी उत्पाद का इस्तेमाल करके बाजार में भागीदार बना जाता है।
गद्यांश से

• "किसी उत्पाद का इस्तेमाल करके उपभोक्ता भी बाजार में भागीदार बन जाता है। यदि उपभोक्ता नहीं होंगे तो किसी भी कंपनी का अस्तित्व नहीं होगा।"

उन्मूलन' का विपरीतार्थक शब्द 'रोपण' होगाI

• उन्मूलन का अर्थ: जड़ से उखाड़ना; समूल नष्ट करना; मटियामेट करना; ध्वस्त करना
• रोपण का अर्थ: लगाना, स्थापित करना

विलोम/विपरीतार्थक शब्द: विपरीत (उल्टा) अर्थ बताने वाले शब्दों को विलोम शब्द कहते हैं। विलोम शब्दों को विपर्यायवाची, प्रतिलोमार्थक और विपरीतार्थक शब्द भी कहते हैं।उदाहरण:  ऊपर-नीचे, सीधा-उल्टा

• उपर्युक्त पद्यांश में अचानक तुरत फुरत घटनाएं होने का कारण 'सुनते हो' की आवाज आना है।
• उपर्युक्त कविता में कवि ने प्रकृति का मानवीकरण किया है तथा प्रकृति को किसान का रूप दिया है।
• जब किसान की पत्नी उसे आह्वान देती है तब प्रकृति में तुरत फुरत घटनाएं होने लगती है।

भाषा शिक्षण का संबंध केवल भाषा के सीखने-सिखाने तक ही सीमित नहीं है बल्कि उसका राष्ट्र, समाज और शिक्षा से भी गहरा संबंध है। किसी भी देश में एक, दो या उससे अधिक भाषा बोली व समझी जा सकती है। ये सभी भाषाएं राष्ट्रीय, सामाजिक और शैक्षिक स्तर पर अपना भिन्न - भिन्न महत्व रखती है और प्रत्येक संदर्भ में इसके शिक्षण के स्वरूप को प्रभावित करता  है। भाषा-शिक्षण व्यापक प्रक्रिया है, किसी एक शिक्षक का नज़रिया भाषा शिक्षण को प्रभावित नहीं करता है। भाषा शिक्षण के लिए आवश्यक:-

• भाषागत विविधता के प्रति संवेदनशीलता
• भाषा के आकलन की प्रक्रियाएँ
• किसी भाषा विशेष का साहित्य
• भाषा प्रयोग के अवसर
• भाषा समृद्ध वातावरण

प्राथमिक स्तर की भाषा की कक्षाओं में ब्रेल पुस्तकों की उपलब्धता के संदर्भ में पढ़ना सीखने के लिए इनकी उपलब्धता ज़रूरी है।

• प्राथमिक स्तर की भाषा की कक्षाओं में बालक अलग-अलग तरह की रचनाओं को समझकर पढ़ने के बाद उस पर अपनी प्रतिक्रया लिख कर देने लगते हैं। 
• लिखने का तरीका लिखित या ब्रेल लिपि आदि में हो सकता है।

‘​ऐतिहासिक’ शब्द में ‘इक’ प्रत्यय का योग है।
अत: 'इतिहास + इक' सही उत्तर है।
​ऐतिहासिक = एतिहास + इक। 
इसमें संबंधवाचक तद्धित प्रत्यय है।
संबंधवाचक तद्धित प्रत्यय - ऐसे प्रत्यय जिनसे हमें किसी के बीच के संबंध का पता चले, वे संबंधवाचक तद्धित प्रत्यय कहलाते हैं।
जैसे- आर्थिक, लौकिक, वार्षिक आदि।

किसी भाषा के लिखने के ढंग या भाषा की लिखावट को लिपि कहा जाता है। यह आवश्यक नहीं की हर किसी भाषा की लिपि हो।

• कुछ भाषाएँ ऐसी होती है, जो साधारण बोलचाल में प्रयोग आती है, किन्तु उनकी लिपि ना होने के कारण उन्हे बोली के वर्ग में रखा जाता है।
• भावाभिव्यक्ति का सबसे अच्छा माध्यम हमारी मातृभाषा होती है।
• भावों को लिखित तथा मौखिक दोनों रूपो के माध्यम से अभिव्यक्त किया जा सकता है।
• मानकीकृत स्कूलों में सीखायी जाने वाली भाषा होती है।
• यह भाव अभिव्यक्त का औपचारिक माध्यम है, आवशयक नहीं की सभी लिखित भाषाएँ मानकीकृत हो। 
• हमारे भारत वर्ष में 1652 मातृभाषायें प्रचलन में हैं, जबकि संविधान द्वारा 22 भाषाओं को राजभाषा की मान्यता प्रदान की गयी है।

अतः निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि भावाभिव्यक्ति करने में प्रयुक्त भाषा के दो रूप होते हैं- लिखित तथा मौखिक।

• The answer of this can be found in the third paragraph, where it is mentioned that "it can be difficult to keep the writing objective and neutral, especially when dealing with controversial or sensitive topics."
• This means that one of the main challenges of discursive writing is maintaining objectivity and impartiality in the writing, especially when the topic being discussed is controversial or sensitive.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

• Hopeless means having no expectation of good or success.
  Example: We were the most hopeless group of golfers you ever saw.
• Irreformable means not capable of being cured or reformed.
  Example: He is an irreformable liar who long ago lost all interest in telling the truth.​

Thus, irreformable is the most similar in meaning to hopeless.

The investigations which are conducted to check what the student learns while in school are called achievement and performance test. Through this investigation, attention is also paid to the activities going on in the school and the study work so that they can be improved.

Language teaching refers to a process whereby a child gains communicative comprehension or fluency over a language. It involves practice by learners where facilitation is provided by a teacher.

• Teachers are the implementers of education who foster the potential of young seedlings to grow and bloom. They carry a huge responsibility to shape and mold students' future.

'She likes people admiring her.' is the active form of the sentence, 'She likes being admired.' When the verb is active, the subject of the verb is doing the action.

Number of atoms = Given volume/Volume given at STP x 6.023 x 10²³
1 dm³ = 1 L
or 224 dm³ = 224 L
Number of atoms = 224/22.4 x 6.023 x 10²³
= 6.023 x 10²⁴

Evaluation is undertaken to find out "how" a child is learning and "how" learning can be improved rather than "what" he has learned. The primary purpose of the evaluation is to find out the strength and weaknesses and making improvements. 

• For evaluation, various modern techniques are being used in the teaching-learning process by the teacher such as questionnaires, personality tests, achievement tests, aptitude tests, rating scales, etc.​ 
• Mathematics is the study of patterns, numbers, geometrical objects, data, and information. It deals with data analysis, integration of various fields of knowledge, involves proofs, deductive and inductive reasoning, and generalizations.
• The teacher while asking questions in the mathematics classroom should focus more on providing practical exercises and abstract knowledge to students to foster their individualized discovery-oriented learning.

In the above figure if L₁ ∥ L₂, then b = 360° - (a + c) 

In this question,
7x = 360° - (5x + 180° - 3x)
⇒ 7x = 360° - 180° - 2x
⇒ 9x = 180° 
⇒ x = 20° 
∴ The value of x is 20°.

Plant Fibre:

• Plant fibre is composed of cellulose and sometimes lignin.
• These fibres are classified by their source in plants.
  Examples of fibre are cotton, wool, jute etc.

Wool:

• The wool comes from sheep, goats, yak and some other animals.
• These wool-yielding animals bear hair on their body.

Processing fibres into wool:
Step I or shearing:

• The fleece of the sheep along with a thin layer of skin is removed from its body.
• This process is called shearing.
• Hair is removed during hot weather.
• The hair provides woollen fibres.
• Woollen fibres are then processed to obtain woollen yarn.​​

Given:
The given number = 37, 85, 65 and 23
Formula used:
Mean = Sum of observations/Number of observations
Calculation:
According to the question
The sum of the number = (37 + 85 + 65 + 23)
⇒ 210
The arithmetic mean = Sum of observations/Number of observations
⇒ 210/4
⇒ 52.5
∴ The required mean is 52.5

Median:
Case 1: If the number of observations (n) is even

Case 2: If the number of observations (n) is odd

Mode: The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set.
Calculation:
Given data are
2, 3, x, 2x - 4, 5, 8
Number of observations = 6 = even
Hence,
Median = 1/2(x + 2x - 4)    ---(1)
But according to question, Median is 7.
⇒  1/2 (x + 2x - 4) = 7
⇒ 3x - 4 = 14
⇒ x = 6
Hence, observations are
2, 3, 6, 8, 5, 8
Since, 8 comes two times.
Hence, mode of observations is 8.

Precipitation reactions refer to the formation of insoluble salt when two solutions containing soluble salts are mixed. The insoluble salt that comes out of the solution is known as a precipitate, hence the name of the reaction.
Sodium chloride + silver nitrate → silver chloride + sodium nitrate.
NaCl + AgNO₃ ​→ AgCl + NaNO_3​
Mol:       1 mol          1 mol           1 mol         1 mol
Mass:    58.5 g        170 g         143.5 g     85 g
Precipitation reactions can help to determine the identity of different ions in the solution.

Putting the values given in the options on the LHS of the equations, and putting in the values of x = 5 and y = 8 we get,

So, LHS = RHS
The correct option is (1).

A Science laboratory refers to a building equipped for scientific experiments to explore knowledge and the tools like laboratory apparatus used in conducting experiments and research.

Mathematics is part of children's life experience as Mathematics helps children make sense of their world outside of school and helps them construct a solid foundation for success in school.

The correct statement about 'laws' and 'theories' in science is that 'Laws are generalised descriptions of the relationships among observable phenomena and theories are explanations for the observable phenomena'. When the scientists investigate the hypothesis, they follow a line of reasoning and eventually formulate a theory. Once a theory has been tested thoroughly and is accepted, it becomes a scientific law. Therefore, scientific theories and laws are not same. Scientific laws or laws of science are statements, based on repeated experiments or observations, that describe or predict a range of natural phenomena. We have scientific theories for all the branches of science included Physics, Biology and Chemistry.

• Stereotypes and cultural norms related to gender and academia can minimize the number of children in particular fields.
• Earlier it was believed that girls are not good in STEM fields like mathematics, technology, sciences, technology, and engineering, and boys are not suitable to enters Arts/ Humanities fields. 
• Various studies conducted debunked these myths and held accountable the cultural norms and thinking patterns of stakeholders of education that resulted in dramatically fewer girls in the fields of STEM.

The language of mathematics refers to the language used to express mathematical thoughts and ideas. It makes learners able to assimilate mathematical terms, reason logically, and recognize and employ patterns of mathematical thought. The language of mathematics learned in school should be interlinked with everyday speech because it develops a deep understanding of the subject.
The main characteristics of mathematical language are

• the simplicity of the concepts so that the learner can easily understand them.
• accuracy is also needed in mathematics so that students can learn to commit fewer mistakes and be accurate in doing calculations.
• through precision, students learn exactly how to use formulas and under what situations these formulas are correct.

Hence, we conclude that the language of mathematics learned in school should be interlinked with everyday speech because it develops a deep understanding of the subject.