OTET Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 (Science and Mathematics) - OTET MCQ

Socialization is the process where the child learns to associate and relate with others. It refers to the process which transforms a quite helpless human infant into a self-aware, knowledgeable person who is skilled in the ways of their society’s culture. 

Article 30(1) enjoins that "all minorities whether based on religion or language shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice".

Defense mechanisms are learned and designed to tackle self-devaluation, anxiety, and hurt and operate automatically at habitual levels. They typically involve measures of self-deception and distortion. Defense mechanisms are usually exercised in combination instead of singly and quite often they are combined with task-oriented behavior. To a great extent, they are necessary to soften failure, alleviate anxiety and hurt, and protect feelings of significance adequacy, and worth. Normally, they are adjustive reactions but sometimes they seriously interfere with the effective resolution of stress. Defense mechanisms may feature in a negative or a positive form.

Assessment plays a significant role in the teaching-learning process. Assessment of learning helps a teacher to design his/her teaching in a better way and to know the attainment level of learners in the subject content. Assessment for learning directly influences student learning by reinforcing the connections between assessment and instruction.

गद्यांश के अनुसार, "विराट अस्तित्व ही परमात्मा है। सबके प्रति प्रेम से इतना भर जाओ कि आपकी लय, आपका संगीत, आपका छंद उस परमात्मा से जुड़ जाये।"
इसलिए, यह निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है कि विराट अस्तित्व परमात्मा है।

पद्यांश के अनुसार,
"मैं बढ़ता अविराम निरंतर तन-मन में उन्माद लिए,
फिर मुझको क्या डरा सकेंगे, ये बादल-विद्युत नर्तन।"
इसलिए, यह निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है कि प्रस्तुत कविता में कवि उन्माद भाव से आगे बढने की चेष्टा रखता हैI 

'एक पत्र छाँह भी माँग मत' इस पंक्ति का आशय है- किसी की पेशकश स्वीकार नहीं करना चाहिए।
पद्यांश के अनुसार-

• ​कवि का कहना है कि मनुष्य अपनी प्रकृति के अनुसार माँगने लगता है अथवा अपनी परिस्थितियों से घबराकर दूसरों की सहायता माँगने लगता है।
• इससे उसका आत्मविश्वास कम होने लगता है। इसलिए अपनी कठिनाइयों का सामना स्वयं ही करना चाहिए।
• यदि थोड़ा भी आश्रय मिल जाए तो उसकी अवहेलना न करके धन्य मानना चाहिए।

डिस्लेक्सिया: पढ़ने में विकार या समस्या होने पर यह पठन अक्षमता उत्पन्न होती है जिसे डिस्लेक्सिया कहते हैं। डिस्लेक्सिया ग्रीक भाषा के दो शब्द डस और लेक्सिस से मिलकर बना है जिसका शाब्दिक अर्थ है, कथन भाषा यह अधिगम अक्षमता के सबसे सामान्य प्रकार है। सह भाषा के लिखित रूप, मौखिक रूप एवं भाषायी दक्षता को प्रभावित करता है।

भाषा समय के साथ बदलती रहती है और हम जीवन पर्यन्त भाषा के नये-नये शब्दों को सीखते रहते हैं। इस कथन के पीछे भाषा सीखने का निरंतरता का सिद्धांत कार्य करता है।
निरंतरता का सिद्धांत- भाषा समय के साथ बदलती रहती है। भाषा में नये शब्द जुड़ते रहते, कई शब्दों की अवधारणाओं से जीवन पर्यन्त ही परिचित होते रहते हैं। भाषा अर्जन के इस सिद्धांत को निरंतरता का सिद्धांत कहते हैं।

सहकर्मी सहायता कार्यक्रम छात्रों को अपने ज्ञान को सुदृढ़ करने और उनके संचार और सहयोग कौशल के साथ-साथ अच्छे पारस्परिक संबंध विकसित करने में मदद करता है।
इस प्रकार के कार्यक्रम में शिक्षक उन छात्रों को पढ़ा सकते हैं और प्रशिक्षित कर सकते हैं जो किसी विशेष विषय में बेहतर प्रदर्शन करते हैं और समूह शिक्षण और स्व अध्ययन के भीतर ही उनकी शिक्षण सीखने की कठिनाइयों को बनाए रखने में मदद करते हैं। यह कार्यक्रम छात्रों को अपने ज्ञान को सुदृढ़ करने और उनके संचार और सहयोग कौशल के साथ-साथ अच्छे पारस्परिक संबंध विकसित करने में मदद करता है।

मानव विकास की अवस्था-

• प्रत्येक बच्चे के विकास की विभिन्न अवस्थाये होती है।
• इन्ही अवस्थाओं में बच्चो का एक निश्चित विकास होता है और 'किशोरावस्था' उनमें से एक है।

किशोरावस्था-

• 'किशोरावस्था’ लैटिन शब्द 'एडोलसेन्स' से आया है जिसका अर्थ है 'परिपक्व होने के लिए बढ़ना’।
• किशोरावस्था 12 से 19 वर्ष की उम्र के बीच होती है।
• स्टेनले हाल ने 'एडोलसेन्स' नामक पुस्तक में किशोरावस्था के बारे में विस्तृत जानकारी दी है। 
• स्टेनले हाल ने किशोरावस्था की परिभाषा देते हुए कहा कि "किशोरावस्था अधिक तनाव और तूफान की अवस्था है।"

बच्चों को ऐसा वातावरण मिलना जरूरी है, जो भाषा से समृद्ध हो।समृद्ध भाषिक परिवेश में  बच्चे सहज रूप से स्वतः ही भाषा में सुधार कर सकते हैं।

• पढ़ने का आरम्भ अर्थपूर्ण एवं लिपि से होना चाहिए और किसी उद्देश्य के लिए होना चाहिए।
• यह उद्देश्य कहानी सुनकर-पढ़कर आनन्द लेना भी हो सकता है।
• धीरे-धीरे बच्चों में भाषा की लिपि से परिचित होने के बाद अपने परिवेश में उपलब्ध लिखित भाषा को पढ़ने-समझने की जिज्ञासा उत्तपन्न होने लगती है।

उपरोक्त गद्यांश का उपयुक्त शीर्षक -चुनाव पूर्व सर्वेक्षण एवं एक्जिट पोल

• चुनाव पूर्व सर्वेक्षण और चुनाव के तुरन्त पश्चात् किए जाने वाले एक्जिट पोल का भ्रामक प्रभाव पड़ता है।
• वह विजयी होती पार्टी की ओर झुक जाती है।  

A noun clause is a dependent clause that acts as a noun. Noun clauses begin with words such as how, that, what, whatever, when, where, whether, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever and why. Noun clauses can act as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives or objects of a preposition. So, the correct answer will be option (2) because it starts with "How".

A deductive approach involves the learners being given a general rule, which is then applied to specific language examples and honed through practice exercises.

Language competency refers to the ability to use and understand a language. Language competence is best developed in the context of learning activities or tasks where the language is used for real purposes, in other words, in practical applications. 

• The language-rich environment that is available in the first language is invariably not available in the second language.
• For some learners, the exposure of the target language is limited to the classroom and the language is absent in the speech community of the learner's home or his immediate neighborhood especially peer group.
• In such an environment, opportunities for learning the language are severely limited and occur only in the formal educational setting.
• In these situations, the teacher needs to be especially sensitive to the motivation/needs of the learners for learning the language so that he/she may adopt the materials and organize the learning environment to fulfill the learner's needs.

It is the correct option. Rude is the antonym of 'polite'. Polite means having or showing behaviour that is respectful and considerate of other people. Rude means offensively impolite or bad-mannered.

Verbs are the action words in a sentence that describe what the subject is doing. A verb is a doing word that shows an action, an event, or a state. In other words, a verb is a word that informs about action, the existence of something, or an occurrence. In our sentence, the soil is the subject and accumulation is the action. Thus, accumulate is a verb.

• A noun is a word that names something (such as a person, animal, place, thing, quality, or idea) and is typically used in a sentence as the subject or object of a verb or a preposition.
  Ex: Johnny Depp acted brilliantly in the movie Edward Scissorhands.
• ​An adverb is a word that describes or gives more information about a verb, adjective, adverb, or phrase.
  Ex: Walk carefully lest you should fall.​
• Conjunctions are the words used to connect two words or clauses or sentences.
  ​Ex: John David Washington and Robert Pattinson starred in Christopher Nolan-directed thriller Tenet. 

In the context of socio-cultural, psychologists proposed that human learning is largely a social process. Lev Vygotsky, a psychologist also proposed a theory that learning is developed through social interaction and plays an important role in the development of a learner's cognitive ability.​

Calculation:
Area of square room
= (10)² = 100 sq m = 100 × (100)² sq cm
= 100 × 100 × 100 sq cm
Now, area of tile
= (50)² = 50 × 50 sq cm
∴ Number of tiles needed
= Area of square room/Area of tile

Group teaching allows freedom for the students to interact freely and establish intimate contact with their teachers on the one hand and with peers on the other. A teacher intends to develop conflict resolution skills among his\her students. To realize this goal, the teacher can organize a variety of tasks.

• serves as an important tool to make learning meaningful by working together. In groups, students work collaboratively and involve in active learning. It provides an opportunity for the students to work together in an efficient way. 

Echo is the acoustical phenomena in which there occurs a repetition of sound which is caused by the reflection of sound waves from an obstacle is known as echo

• For in order to occur echo the distance between the obstacle and sound source must be 17.2 m.

Friction: Friction is an opposing force that comes into play when the body is actually moving (slide or roll) or even tries to move over the surface of another body.

The presence of irregularities between the two surfaces in contact causes friction. 
Cause of Friction:
Friction is a evil because it cause of loss of energy and wear and tear of surfaces.

• Soles of shoes wear out
• We feel heat when we rub our hands.
• Lighting a matchstick
• Working of an eraser
• Coming down a Kid’s slide
• Holding onto objects

Hence we can conclude that Both I and II are the caused by friction.

NCERT Science textbooks for upper primary classes include a large number of daily life related questions which have been left unanswered. This has been done so that the students can seek answer to these questions by exploring different resources. This will widen their horizons of knowledge.

Biased opinion does not reflect the personality attribute of a person having scientific temper.

Difficulty index is a measure of the proportion of examinees who answered the item correctly; for this reason it is frequently called the p-value. Item discrimination is the degree to which students with high overall exam scores also got a particular item correct. These two indices are used in evaluation of questions in SAT.

We know that heat is produced when fuels are burnt. The amount of heat produced by burning or combustion of 1Kg of fuel is expressed in terms of calorific value. 

• It is also known as energy value or heat of combustion.
• It is measured in units of energy per amount of material, e.g. KJ/g or kJ/kg, where KJ is Kilo Joules.

Direct experience is the type of experience that is gained by the active participation of an individual. Such types of experiences are only acquired by doing with own hands. For example, learning how to ride a bicycle requires a person to himself get on the saddle and start pedaling. Just by seeing others riding a cycle will not help.

From the table of Revised Cognitive Domain:
Comprehension: Understand the meaning, translation, interpolation, and interpretation of instructions and problems, state a problem in one's own words.