OTET Paper 2 Mock Test - 10 (Social Science) - OTET MCQ

Intrinsic motivation refers to behaviour that is driven by internal rewards. In other words, the motivation to engage in a behaviour arises from within the individual because it is intrinsically rewarding. Thus, extrinsic rewards are not at all needed.

Adolescence marks an important time in the process of human development, the passage between childhood and adulthood. It is a time of tremendous opportunity and promises when adolescents begin to explore their growing individuality and independence and begin to think critically about themselves and the world around them.

Teachers interacting more with boys than girls is an example of gender bias in teaching.
Gender refers to the socially and culturally constructed system that attributes meaning to what it means to be a male or a female in a particular society.
Gender bias in teaching leads to differential learning experiences, even though the girls and boys of a class sit in the same classroom and attended by the same teacher.

• It refers to the belief when someone prioritize one gender more than the other one.
• The result of the research studies about teachers interacting more with boys than girls is an example of gender bias in teaching.

The Achievement motivation theory narrates personal individualities and circumstantial to a need for achievement and the allied competitive drive to meet standards of excellence. Achievement Motivation Theory (AMT) clarifies the affiliation between an individual’s appearances and his/her need to accomplish roughly in life. In doing so, it also takes into account the kind of reasonable drive a person has to achieve set goals.

योजना/परियोजना शिक्षण विधि के प्रवर्तक 'डब्लयू. एच. किलपैट्रिक' हैं। यह विधि 'जॉन डेवी' द्वारा शुरू किए गए 'प्रोग्रेसिव एजुकेशन मूवमेंट' का उत्पाद थी परंतु बाद में इसे दुनिया भर में 'डब्ल्यू. एच. किलपैट्रिक' द्वारा विस्तार से वर्णित किया गया था।
यह विधि एक समूह में व्यावहारिक ज्ञान के प्रयोग द्वारा किसी परियोजना को पूरा करने के लिए छात्रों की सक्रिय भागीदारी को संदर्भित करती है।
इस पद्धति में जीवनोपयोगी शिक्षा दी जाती है तथा बच्चों को स्वयं के अनुभव द्वारा अर्थात खुद कर के सीखने का मौका दिया जाता है।

उपचारात्मक शिक्षण शिक्षण-शिक्षण कार्यक्रम का एक अभिन्न अंग है, जिसे प्रतिपूरक या सुधारात्मक शिक्षण के रूप में भी जाना जाता है।
अंग्रेजी भाषा में उपचारात्मक शिक्षण के उद्देश्य:

• अप्रभावी आदतों को खत्म करने के लिए।
• अतिरिक्त सहायता देकर शिक्षार्थियों को बेहतर सीखने के लिए।
• विद्यार्थियों को उनकी क्षमताओं और आवश्यकताओं के अनुसार सीखने की गतिविधियाँ और व्यावहारिक अनुभव प्रदान करना।
• ठीक से नहीं सीखी गई भाषा वस्तुओं को फिर से पढ़ाने के लिए।
• प्रेरक उपागमों के साथ सीखने में शिक्षार्थियों की रुचि जगाना।
• विद्यार्थियों को उनकी सामान्य या विशिष्ट कमजोरियों से छुटकारा पाने में मदद करें।
• शिक्षार्थियों को उनकी विविध आवश्यकताओं के अनुसार व्यावहारिक अनुभव प्रेषित करना।
• गहन उपचारात्मक सहायता के साथ व्यक्तिगत शिक्षण प्रदान करना।

इसलिए, हम यह निष्कर्ष निकाल सकते हैं कि उपरोक्त सभी अंग्रेजी भाषा में उपचारात्मक शिक्षण के उद्देश्य हैं।

• 14 सितंबर, 1949 ई. को भारत के संविधान में हिन्दी को मान्यता प्रदान की गई है।
• संविधान के अनुच्छेद 120 के अनुसार संसद का कार्य हिन्दी में या अंग्रेजी में किया जाता है।
• अनुच्छेद 210 के अंतर्गत राज्यों के विधानमंडलों का कार्य अपने-अपने राज्य की राजभाषा या हिन्दी में या अंग्रेजी में किया जा सकता है।

सीख लीगे भाषा तथा अपेक्षित भाषा मे संवाद करने के लिए प्रयुक्त की जाने वाली भाषा शिक्षण की विधि अनुवाद विधि हैI अनुवाद विधि के गुण :-

• इसे बड़ी सरलता से पढ़ाया ज सकता हैI
• इस विधि मे बोलने की अपेक्षा लिखने और पढने पर तथा भाषा की अपेक्षा भाषा के तत्वों के ज्ञान पर अधिक बल दिया जाता हैI
• द्वितीय भाषा के ढांचों का ज्ञान कराया जाता है तथा भाषा कौशलो मे दक्षता ली जाती हैI
• द्वितीय भाषा के शब्दों एवं वाक्यों का ज्ञान आना चाहिए ना कि नियम व मातृभाषा के अवतरणों का द्वतीय भाषा मे अनुवाद किया जाता हैI

विश्लेषण विधि के अन्तर्गत किसी इकाई को सूक्ष्म खंडों में विभक्त कर शिक्षण कराया जाता है।
विश्लेषण विधि- विश्लेषण विधि में किसी समस्या को पहले छोटे-छोटे भागों में विभाजित किया जाता है। उसके बाद समस्या के बारे में अध्ययन किया जाता है। फिर उसके निष्कर्ष पर पहुंचा जाता है। इस प्रकार के शिक्षण विधि को विश्लेषण विधि कहते हैं। इस विधि से समस्या का हल निकालने से पहले समस्या के बारे में जानते हैं, फिर समस्या के हल के लिए उपयुक्त विधि का चयन करते हैं।
​विश्लेषण विधि की विशेषताएँ:

• इस विधि में छात्रों को खोज करने का अवसर मिलता है।
• इस विधि को क्रियाशील विधि माना जाता है।
• इस विधि द्वारा प्राप्त होने वाले ज्ञान हमेशा स्थाई होता है।
• इस विधि में छात्र हमेशा क्रियाशील रहते हैं।

श्रवण कौशल भाषा सीखने की रीढ़ है।
किसी भी भाषा में मौखिक गायन में भाग लेना और उसकी व्याख्या करना श्रवण कहलाता है। छात्र भाषा वस्तुओं, जैसे शब्दों, मुहावरों, वाक्यांशों, स्वर आदि का अनुकरण और याद करता है और इस तरह भाषा बोलना सीखता है। श्रवण कौशल किसी भाषा को सीखने की रीढ़ होता है, भले ही वह पहली या दूसरी भाषा हो।

असफल होने और गिरने वाले व्यक्ति का हौसला कवि शब्दों से बढ़ा रहा है- उपर्युक्त सभी (केवल माँग मत, केवल कर शपथ, केवल लथपथ)
पद्यांश के अनुसार-

• एक पत्र छाँह भी, माँग मत, माँग मत, माँग मत,
• तू न मुड़ेगा कभी कर शपथ, कर शपथ, कर शपथ
• अश्रु स्वेद रक्त से, लथपथ लथपथ लथपथ,

पद्यांश के अनुसार, कवि ने सूरज के लिए सफेद रंग के खरगोश के उछल कूद करने के उपमान का प्रयोग किया है।

When you the 2nd paragraph of the given passage, you will find the following lines:

• Nature is a great teacher. Early man was thrilled with the beauty and wonders of nature. The Aryans worshipped nature. One can learn lessons in the vast school of nature. Unfortunately, the strife, the stress and the tension of modern life have made people immune to the beauties of nature. Their life is so full of care that they have no time to stand and stare. They cannot enjoy the beauty of lowing rivers, swinging trees, flying birds and majestic mountains and hills. There is, however, a cry to go back to the village from the concrete and artificial jungle of cities. Hence the town planners of today pay special attention to providing enough natural scenic spots in town planning 

The highlighted sentences show that town planners provide something to feel like nature, which means they are providing facilities for enjoying nature. 
Hence, the correct sentence is "option 1"

Noun: A noun is a word that refers to a thing (book), a person (Betty Crocker), an animal (cat), a place (Omaha), a quality (softness), an idea (justice), or an action (yodeling).
Religion here refers to the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.
Thus, the part of speech of the underlined word is noun.

The best way to teach this story would be by having the students dramatise it. Story dramatisations are based on a story that students are familiar with. While it is planned by students, a script is not necessary. Students know the story and characters well enough to improvise action and dialogue.
Research has shown the positive effects of improvised story dramatisation on language development and student achievement in oral and written story recall, writing and reading for both younger students (Pellegrini, 1997) and students through middle school (Deasy, 2002; Fiske, 1999).

Audio-visual aids or technological media are additional devices that help the teacher to clarify, establish, co-relate, and co-ordinate accurate concepts, interpretations, and appreciations and enable him/her to make learning more concrete, effective, interesting, inspirational, meaningful, and vivid. They help in completing the triangular process of learning viz., motivation-clarification-stimulation.

The given passage is about Artificial Intelligence.

• Let us refer to the line from the passage, "it will be no less than a superhuman intelligence and the question arising is that if we do not have a legal framework to prevent malicious use of this intelligence, then it might put the entire humanity on the verge of devastation too".
• From the given passage we get to know that if a proper legal structure is not put on this superhuman intelligence, it can be used in a wrong way which will bring devastation to the entire humanity. 
• So, ''By malicious use of AI' is the correct.

• Magadha was a great kingdom, and its capital for many years was Rajagriha (present-day Rajgir) in Bihar.
• It was then renamed Pataliputra (present-day Patna).
• Udayin established Pataliputra near the confluence of two rivers, the Son and the Ganges.
• He relocated his capital from Rajgriha to Patliputra because of the latter's strategic location inside the empire 

One of the possible reasons for the absence of pompous buildings in the Harappan cities was the absence of a monarchical system of government.

• The partition of Bengal infuriated people all over India.
• All sections of the Congress – the Moderates and the Radicals, as they may be called – opposed it.
• Large public meetings and demonstrations were organised and novel methods of mass protest developed.
• The Swadeshi movement sought to oppose British rule and encourage the ideas of self-help, swadeshi enterprise, national education, and use of Indian languages. So, statement A is correct.
• To fight for swaraj, the radicals advocated mass mobilisation and boycott of British institutions and goods.
• Some individuals also began to suggest that “revolutionary violence” would be necessary to overthrow British rule. 
• The First World War altered both the economic and political situation in India.
• It led to a huge rise in the defence expenditure of the Government of India. Thus, statement B is incorrect.
• The government in turn increased taxes on individual incomes and business profits.
• Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to a sharp rise in prices which created great difficulties for the common people.
• On the other hand, business groups reaped fabulous profits from the war.
• The war created a demand for industrial goods (jute bags, cloth, rails) and caused a decline in imports from other countries into India. 
• So Indian industries expanded during the war, and Indian business groups began to demand greater opportunities for development. Hence, statement C is correct.

Therefore we conclude that the correct option is only (A) and (C)

Kumar Devi was the wife of Chandragupta I.

• Chandragupta I, the first important ruler of the Gupta dynasty, ascended the throne of Magadha in 320 CE.
• He married Kumar Devi, a princess of the powerful Lichchhavi tribe of Vaishali, and got Pataliputra as part of his dowry.
• He ruled from Pataliputra and laid the foundation of the Gupta Empire by conquering a number of territories with the support of the Lichchhavis.
• He expanded his kingdom as far as Allahabad.
• He ruled for 15 years and took the title of 'Maharajadhiraja'.
• The gold coins attributed to Chandragupta bear portraits of Chandragupta and Kumaradevi, and the legend Lichchhavayah (the Lichchhavis).
• Their son Samudragupta is described as Lichchhavi-dauhitra ("Lichchhavi daughter's son") in the Gupta inscriptions.

Hence, we can conclude that Kumar Devi was the wife of Chandragupta I.

The Rowlatt Satyagraha turned out to be the first all-India struggle against the British government although it was largely restricted to cities.

The Governor:-

• ​Article 153 of the Indian constitution mentions that there shall be a governor for each state.
• The governor is appointed by the President of India.
• Qualifications-
  • Should be a citizen of India.
  • Should have completed the age of 35 years.
• All executive functions of the government are formally taken in the governor's name.
• It also appoints the Chief Minister, the other subordinate ministers, the Advocate General of the state, the State Election Commissioner, the Chairman, and members of the State Public Service Commission.
• It can make recommendations to the President to impose a constitutional emergency in the state under Article 356.
• Legislative Powers:-
  • Governor of the state summons or prorogues the state legislature and can dissolve the state Legislative assembly.
  • It nominates 1/6th of the members of the State Legislative Council from amongst the persons having special knowledge or practical experience in literature, art, science, cooperative movement, and social service.
  • It can also promulgate ordinances when the state Legislature is not in session, ordinances must be approved by the State Legislature within six weeks of their reassembly.
  • When both the offices of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker fall vacant then the Governor appoints any member of the State's Legislative Assembly member. 
• Financial Powers:-
  • It confirms that the state budget or the Annual Financial Statement is laid before the State Legislature.
  • Money Bills can be introduced in the State Legislature only by the prior recommendation of the Governor.
• Judicial Powers:-
  • Governor is consulted by the President while appointing the Judges of the concerned High Court.
  • It also makes the appointments, posting, and promotions of the district judges in consultation with the State High Court and State Public Service Commission.
  • The Governor can grant pardons, reprieves, respites, and remissions of punishment or suspension, however, Governor cannot pardon a death Sentence.

Articles related to Governor:-

Too frequent testing is not recommended by CBSE. This burdens the students with the expectations of their parents, and teachers. In the process, they start memorising the concepts, rather than understanding them. Besides, Formative Assessment is used to evaluate the student, so that their problems can be identified and rectified. Too much testing may deter the objective of Formative Assessment.

• The Earth's axial tilt causes the variation in daylight hours and the changing of the seasons.
• The tilt is approximately 23.5 degrees relative to the Earth's orbital plane around the Sun.
• As Earth orbits the Sun, the axial tilt causes different parts of the Earth to receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year, resulting in the seasons.
• On June 21st, the Northern Hemisphere experiences the summer solstice, which is the longest day and shortest night of the year.
• This occurs because the North Pole is tilted towards the Sun, and as a result, the Sun appears at its highest point in the sky at solar noon.
• This leads to more daylight hours and warmer temperatures.
• At the same time, the Southern Hemisphere experiences the winter solstice, which is the shortest day and longest night of the year.
• This occurs because the South Pole is tilted away from the Sun.
• As a result, the Sun appears lower in the sky, leading to fewer daylight hours and colder temperatures.

So, on June 21st in the Southern Hemisphere, the correct statement is: Shortest day and longest night

A settlement is a place where people live. Settlements can be as small as a single house in a remote area or as large as a megacity (a city with over 10 million residents). A settlement may be permanent or temporary.

Seasonal difference in temperature:

• The axial tilt of the earth of 23.5 degrees as it moves around the sun causes seasonal changes.
• The sunlight intensity on some parts of the earth significantly varies over the course of the year as the earth changes its orientation in space.
• Seasonal variation in solar input occurs because the Earth is tilted on its axis by 23.5˚ (Figure 2).
• As Earth orbits the sun, its orientation to the sun changes.
• When in June the northern hemisphere tills toward the sun it gets maximum heat while the southern hemisphere gets little heat.
• It is the summer in the Northern hemisphere and winter in the southern hemisphere.
• 6 months later in December, the situation is reversed and the earth Travels half around the Sun, and in the Northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun.
• On June 21 the sun is directly overhead the Tropic of Cancer and it is mid-summer in the Northern hemisphere.
• Midsummer in the southern hemisphere occurs on 23rd December when the sun is directly overhead the Tropic of Capricorn.

The rotation of the earth is the main cause of the day-night phenomena.  The circle that divides the day from night on the globe is called the circle of illumination. 
Hence, axial tilt is the main reason for seasonal differences in temperature.

It involves production from the natural resources of the Earth.
The primary sector of the economy is the sector of an economy making direct use of natural resources. This includes agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining.

The physical features of India can be grouped under the following physiographic divisions

• The Himalayan Mountains
• The Northern Plains
• The Peninsular Plateau
• The Indian Desert
• The Coastal Plains
• The Islands