Test: General Science (Human Biology) - Software Development MCQ

The correct answer is Liver. 

Key Points

• The liver is the largest gland in the human body.
  • It is made up of specialized cells called hepatocytes.
  • It is situated on the right side of the stomach in the human body.
  • The study of the liver is called hepatology.
  • It is the largest metabolic organ in the human body.
  • It is the organ that stores a large amount of vitamin A.
  • Ammonia and urea are produced in the liver.
  • Hepatitis is a viral disease that affects the liver.
  • The liver is known as the "chemical lab of the human body".
  • The liver is the highest temperature-producing organ.

Additional Information

• The brain is the center of coordination in the human body.
• The pancreas secretes enzymes and hormones.
  • Insulin and glucagon are the hormones secreted by Pancreas.
• The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the human body.
  • Thyroxin and calcitonin are the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland.
• Pituitary Gland
  • The pituitary gland is a gland that is located at the base of the brain and right behind the bridge of the nose. It is mainly responsible for sexual maturation, reproduction, etc.
  • The pituitary gland is also called the 'master endocrine gland' and it is a small pea-sized gland.
  • The pituitary gland is controlled by Hypothalamus. 
  • The hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary to release or inhibit pituitary hormone production.
  • The pituitary is called the master gland because it controls various other glands.
  • Hence, it could be concluded that the pituitary gland is also called the 'master endocrine gland' because it regulates the activities of other endocrine glands.

The correct answer is a Female egg cell.

The female egg cell is the largest cell in the human body. The nerve cell is the longest cell in the body.

• The egg cell or ovum is the largest cell in the human body.
• It has a diameter of about 0.1 mm.
• A nerve cell is the longest cell in the human body.
• Muscle cells are the primary cells responsible for the movement of the body. There are three types of muscle cells found in our body, namely ;
  • Skeletal muscle or voluntary muscle.
  • Smooth muscle or involuntary muscle.
  • Cardiac muscle.

The correct answer is 98.4° F,

Key Points

• The normal temperature of the human body is 37 °C (98.4° F). 
• A temperature above 100.4 °F(38°C) most often means you have a fever.
• Normal body temperature is also called the normal or core body temperature, which is based on Homeostasis.
• ​Homeostasis is a phenomenon in which the body regulates its functions to keep the internal conditions as stable as possible.
• The normal human body temperature border is typically stated as 36.5–37 °C (97.7–98.6 °F).
• Human body temperature depends on gender, age, time of day, exertion level, health status
  • Also in what part of the body the measurement is taken at.
• Body temperature is kept in the normal range by thermoregulation, in which adaptation of temperature is triggered by the central nervous system.

Thus, the Body temperature of a normal human being is 98.4° F.

Concept:

• Food chain:​ The sequence of living organisms in a community in which one organism consumes another organism to transfer food energy is called a food chain.
• In simple words, A list of organisms showing 'who eats whom' is called the food chain.
• The food can be transferred from one organism to the other through the food chain.
• Each step in the food chain is represented by a trophic level.
• Producers occupy the base of the food chain, producers are followed by Consumers → Secondary consumers → Tertiary consumers → Decomposers.

Explanation:

• Humans occupy the position of consumers in a food chain.
• The human can be divided into two types of consumers - Primary consumer & Secondary consumer.
• Primary Consumer - When humans derive their nutrition directly from the producers (green plants) in the form of fruits & vegetables.
• Secondary Consumer - When humans derive the nutrition indirectly by eating primary consumers like goat, cow & buffalo.

Concept-

Vestigial organs are the organs that once were useful in an animal's body millions of years ago, but now they are useless or very close to useless.

Key Points Human heart-

• The human heart is not vestigial as at present times it has its own functions in the human body.
• The human heart is an organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
• Heart pumps the blood through the vessels of the circulatory system, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes.
• The tissues of the body need a constant supply of nutrition in order to be active which is performed by blood.

Additional Information Wisdom teeth

• Wisdom teeth are no longer totally necessary. Today, humans cook food to soften it, and we can cut and crush it with utensils.So at this time they are vestigial.
• Early humans needed to chew coarse, hearty foods, they required a broader jaw.
• Wisdom teeth grew in to give them more chewing power for this purpose.

Nictitating membrane of eye

• In humans, the nictitating membrane is the pink lump in the inner corner of the eyes which is known as the caruncula lacrimalis.
• In this structure, the remaining of the nictitating membrane are permanently folded into that corner and no longer functional.So it is vestigial.

Vermiform appendix

• The human appendix may be considered as a vestigial organ as it has been proved that the removal of the organ after infancy does not create any harm.
• Its function is to digest cellulose.

The correct answer is Selenium.

Key Points

• trace mineral
  • A trace element/minor element; is a chemical element whose concentration is very low.
  • These include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride and selenium.
  • These minerals are present in living tissues of human body in small amounts.
  • Some of them are known to be nutritionally essential, others may be essential and the remainder are considered to be nonessential.
• Selenium
  • Jons Jacob Berzelius discovered the Selenium.
  • Selenium bellongs to group 16 of periodic table.
  • It belongs to the P- block of periodic tabe.

The correct answer is Vitamin C.

Important Points

• Scurvy is a nutritional disorder of humankind.
  • Scurvy is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin C
  • Ascorbic acid is the chemical name of vitamin C.
  • Vitamin C is the first artificially synthesized vitamin.
  • Vitamin C is essential for the healing of wounds, repair, and maintenance of cartilage, bone, and teeth.
  • Vitamin C deteriorated through cooking and canning of food.

Additional Information 

• Xerophthalmia and night blindness are the deficiency diseases of Vitamin A.
• Rickets is the deficiency diseases of Vitamin D.
• Hemorrhage is the deficiency diseases of Vitamin K.

The Correct Answer is Option (2) i.e Pancreas.

Key Points

• In humans, the kidney is one of the main organs of the excretory system.
• The kidney's function is the filtration of the blood and removing waste(toxic) products.
• Waste products and excess fluid are removed through the urine.
• If the kidney fails person needs to undergo dialysis.
• Dialysis is a treatment that filters and purifies the blood using a machine
• The human excretory system includes certain organs that eliminate the wastes such as salts, carbon dioxide, urea, uric acid and water produced by the body.
• The path of the urine in the human excretory system is -
• After filtering from the kidney → The urine through Ureter → Stored in the Urinary bladder → Exits through the urethra.

Important Points

• The Pancreas is an organ located in the abdomen. It is not a part of the human excretory system.
• The Pancreas plays an important role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the body's cell.
• It helps in the process of digestion. It also regulates blood sugar.
• The body system that removes metabolic wastes from the body is known as the 'Excretory System'.

The correct answer is Spleen.

Spleen is an organ on the left side of the abdomen below the stomach. 

It performs two major functions:

1. Storage of blood - Blood vessels of spleen can alter their thicker and become wider or narrower depending on the situation. In case of emergency situations like trauma & severe injuries where a lot of blood gets lost, the spleen expand its vessels and hold the blood. This reserve blood is then transported to the organ where blood is required. For this reason the spleen is also called the blood bank of human body.
2. Filtration of blood - Spleen filters the blood & removes the old & dead RBCs. It acts like a maze from which healthy RBCs can easily pass while the old & dead RBCs get stuck in it. These are then broken down in the spleen by macrophages. For this reason the spleen is also called as The Graveyard of RBCs.
   

Additional Information 

Heart:

• The heart is a mesodermally derived organ, that is present in the thoracic cavity, in between the two lungs, slightly tilted to the left. It has the size of a clenched fist. It is protected by a double-walled membranous bag, pericardium, enclosing the pericardial fluid.

Liver:

• The liver is the largest gland of the human body. It performs the function of detoxification of harmful substances in the body
• For example, it converts harmful ammonia into urea,  It also breaks down alcohol and other such substances in the blood. 

Bone marrow:

• Bone marrow refers to the tissue located in the hollow interior of long bones. It is composed of adipose tissue, areolar tissue, and blood cells.
• Bone marrow is mainly of two types – red and yellow

The correct answer is Femur.

Key Points

• The largest bone in the human body is the femur, the thighbone.
• It is the largest, longest, and strongest bone in the human body.
• The shortest bone in the human body is the stapes or stirrup bone in the middle ear.
• The femur runs from the keen to the hip.
• The Femur or thigh bone is the largest and heaviest bone in the human body.
• At the proximal end of the Femur, there is a rounded prominence which is called the Head of the Femur.
• The femur runs from the keen to the hip.
• It carries all the upper body weight.
• The other parts of the leg are the tibia, femur, fibula, and keep cap also known as patella.

Additional Information

• The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones, including bones of the
  • Skull:  including the jaw bone (mandible, maxilla)
  • Spine: cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and tailbone (coccyx)
  • Chest: ribs and breastbone (sternum)
  • Arms: the shoulder blade (scapula), collar bone (clavicle), radius, humerus and ulna
  • Hands: wrist bones (carpals), metacarpals and phalanges
  • Pelvis: hip bones
  • Legs: the thigh bone (femur), the kneecap (patella), shin bone (tibia) and fibula
  • Feet: tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.