UTET Paper 2 Mock Test - 5 (Science and Mathematics) - UTET MCQ

Learning disabilities are disorders that affect brain functioning of understanding, reading, writing, spelling, reasoning or recalling ability. Learning disabilities can also cause problems in learning skills, language skills, mathematical operations, and coordinating movements. Learning disabilities are continual and can cause continual lifelong challenges. Children with learning abilities often have average or above-average intelligence. Learning Disabilities are not contagious. Learning Disabilities are due to genetic or neurobiological factors which affect cognitive processes related to learning. Learning Disabilities can run in those whose paternal relatives have such problems (genetic), but environmental factors can also play an important role.

Learning is an active process, transferable, measurable and goal-oriented. It is the desired change or modification of behaviour attained through experience and environment. It is both a formal and informal process, it is universal and continuous. From birth, every child should have access to high-quality learning opportunities for language, literacy and mathematics. These should be available in all early years settings, including the home, and facilitated by parents.

• Psychological Factors: Psychological factors are unique or specific to the individuals engaged in the process of learning. Thorough knowledge and understanding of these factors are very essential for the teachers and parents in providing and guiding learning among the children.
  • Intelligence
  • Motivation
  • Maturation for Readiness to Learn
  • Emotions
  • Interests
  • Attitudes
  • Self-Concept
  • Learning Styles
• Socio-Cultural (Environmental) Factors Influencing Learning: The socio-cultural environment, within which a child grows, has a significant impact on his/her learning. In fact, all learning occurs with special reference to the cultural context of an individual. The social constructivist view of psychology holds that all learning is culturally oriented and guided. For our own understanding, we can subdivide socio-cultural factors into a) family, b) neighbourhood and community; and c) socio-cultural diversities like caste, class, ethnicity, religion, etc. Also, since, socio-culture factors are affecting learning, so does economic factor, because, suppose, a poor boy may not have access to online learning while a rich boy may have.
• School-Related Factors Influencing Learning: Learning is also assumed to be greatly influenced by the school and the school environment in which students are imparted with different types of learning experiences. The term ‘school environment’ encompasses the terms ‘school culture’ and ‘school climate’ that affect the behaviour of teachers and students.
• Teaching-Learning Processes Related Factors Influencing Learning: It includes methods of learning and the influence of media on learning.

So, we conclude that all the facts influence student difficulty in learning.

Article 30(1) enjoins that "all minorities whether based on religion or language shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice".

In psychology, coping means to invest own conscious effort, to solve personal and interpersonal problems, in order to try to master, minimize or tolerate stress and conflict. Revolution does not belong to the category of coping strategies.

Failure is the state or conditioning of not meeting desirable goals and may be viewed as the opposite of success.

In pre-childhood, the tendency of children to explore new and move around greatly increases.
Pre-childhood covers the period from 2 to 6 years. It is also known as the preschool stage. The characteristics of pre-childhood are:

• Some parents feel that behavioral problems of the childhood period are more troublesome than physical care of infants.
• Some behavioral problems occur during this period such as obstinacy, stubbornness, disobedience, and antagonistic.
• It is a toy age because most of the time children are engaged with their toys. These toys are also helpful to educate the children. Toys are an important element of their play activities.
• The tendency of children to explore new and move around greatly increases.
• This is a period when a child is considered physically and mentally independent. This is also a school-going age.
• Children become more self-sufficient, and independent, and develop self-esteem.
• This is the age of foundations of social behavior. They are a more organized social life they will be required to adjust to when they enter first grade.
• Develop physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development.

डिस्लेक्सिया: पढ़ने में विकार या समस्या होने पर यह पठन अक्षमता उत्पन्न होती है जिसे डिस्लेक्सिया कहते हैं। डिस्लेक्सिया ग्रीक भाषा के दो शब्द डस और लेक्सिस से मिलकर बना है जिसका शाब्दिक अर्थ है, कथन भाषा यह अधिगम अक्षमता के सबसे सामान्य प्रकार है। सह भाषा के लिखित रूप, मौखिक रूप एवं भाषायी दक्षता को प्रभावित करता है।

मतिमान का अर्थ है- बुद्धिमान

• मतिमान का अन्य अर्थ- जिसमें मति हो, समझदार, ज्ञानी।

'प्राचीन भारत में मनुष्य का उत्थान धर्म-कर्म में लीन रहकर ही सम्भव था।' कथन असत्य है। दिए गए गद्यांश के अनुसार प्राचीन भारत में शिक्षा, ज्ञान प्राप्ति का सबसे बड़ा स्रोत माना जाता था।......शिक्षा ने ही प्राचीन संस्कृति को संरक्षण दिया और इसके प्रसार में मदद की।

उपचारात्मक शिक्षण: सीखने के दौरान, बच्चा स्वेच्छा से-अनिच्छा से या कुछ वैकल्पिक अवधारणाओं के कारण गलतियाँ करता है। एक शिक्षक का काम छात्रों को निदान के बाद उन गलतियों को सुधारने में मदद करना है। इस प्रकार अपनाई जाने वाली विधि को उपचारात्मक शिक्षण के रूप में जाना जाता है। इसकी निम्नलिखित विशेषताएं हैं:

• इसका उपयोग भाषा कौशल में सुधार के लिए किया जा सकता है।
• किसी विशेष समस्या क्षेत्र को ठीक करने के लिए इसका उपयोग किया जा सकता है। उदाहरण के लिए, एक छात्र 'no' और 'know' के उच्चारण में उलझन में है, उसे मूक अक्षरों की अवधारणा सिखाई जा सकती है।
• यह छात्रों के सामने आने वाली समस्याओं और चुनौतियों की पहचान के बाद किया जाता है।
• इस पद्धति को लागू करने के लिए एक शिक्षक को छात्रों की ताकत और कमजोरियों से अच्छी तरह अवगत होना चाहिए।
• यह एक व्यवस्थित प्रक्रिया है क्योंकि शिक्षक पहले छात्रों की समस्या का निदान करता है और फिर उपयुक्त उपचारात्मक विधियों को लागू करता है।

इसलिए, हम यह निष्कर्ष निकालते हैं कि उपचारात्मक शिक्षण एक व्यवस्थित प्रक्रिया है।

पद्यांश के अनुसार:-​

• ये वर्षा के अनोखे दृश्य जिसको प्राण से प्यारे
  जो चातक की तरह ताकता है बादल घने कजरारे...
  वही हलधर अधिक आता है, कालिदास के मन में
  तू मुझको क्षमा कर देना।

यहाँ हलधर शब्द का अर्थ किसान है। 

अंग्रेजी के शिक्षण से विद्यार्थियों को आधारभूत अंतर्वैयक्तिक संप्रेषणात्मक कौशल में दक्ष बनाना चाहिए।

• BICS का मतलब- आधारभूत अंतःर्वैयक्तिक संप्रेषणात्मक कौशल ( Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills) ​है।
  • यह दूसरी भाषा में संवादी प्रवाह के विकास का वर्णन करता है।

लोकल तथा वोकल से क्या अभिप्राय है "सीमा के अंदर होने वाला तथा वाणी युक्त"। उपर्युक्त पद्यांश के अनुसार लोकल तथा वोकल का अर्थ सीमा के अंदर होने वाला तथा वाणी युक्त है।
अर्थात देश में उत्पादित होने वाले पदार्थ का उपयोग करना तथा उसके लिए अपनी वाणी को मुखर करना है।

सतत आकलन का अर्थ है बालक की अधिगम संबंधी कठिनाईयों को पहचानना, जिससे कठिनाईयों को पहचानने के बाद शिक्षक इन्हें सुधारने के लिए उचित कदम उठा सके।

It is the correct option. The synonym of 'reluctant' is 'unwilling'. 'Reluctant' means 'unwilling and hesitant; disinclined'.

The author tries to convey that consensus management is impractical, especially in a free enterprise system. Even the Japanese pretend to follow it but they actually don't. No one can actually follow it in order to become a superpower.
"The Japanese believe in their workers' involvement early on in the decision-making process and in feedback from employees. And they probably listen better than we do. But you can bet that when the chips are down, the yen stops at the top guy's desk. So, we're wasting time trying to emulate something I don't think really exists."
A general agreement regarding something sounds great, but it is impossible to practise it as it would result in anarchy or a state of disorder. 
So, it can be concluded that consensus management exists more in theory than practice. The phrase 'in theory' is used to say that something seems to be true or possible as an idea but may not actually be true or possible.
Other options are rejected because Option (A) is an integral message of the passage but cannot be stated as the central idea of the passage. Option (B) and (D) are factually incorrect. 

The author is trying to say that though Karnataka has many beautiful beaches, the beauty of the beaches is not known far and wide. ‘..lacks salesmen’ means that not many have tried to talk about Karnataka’s beaches and the beauty it beholds. The author also says there is no lack of beaches in Karnataka.

"The focus is on using the language rather than analysis of the language and grammar is taught implicitly rather than explicitly." This is Communicative approach of teaching the language.
The communicative approach is based on the idea that learning a language successfully comes through having to communicate real meaning. When learners are involved in real communication, their natural strategies for language acquisition will be used, and this will allow them to learn to use the language.

Calculation:
Area of square room
= (10)² = 100 sq m = 100 × (100)² sq cm
= 100 × 100 × 100 sq cm
Now, area of tile
= (50)² = 50 × 50 sq cm
∴ Number of tiles needed
= Area of square room/Area of tile

Age of father two years ago = 42 - 2 = 40 years
Age of son two years ago = 12 - 2 = 10 years
Ratio of ages of father and son = 40 : 10 = 4 : 1

Let the two fractions be 'x' and 'y'.
xy = 14/15





x = 7/6
Putting the value of 'x' in xy = 14/15, the equation we get

So, y = y = 4/5
Comparing the values of x and y, we get the greater fraction is x = 7/6.

Friction: Friction is an opposing force that comes into play when the body is actually moving (slide or roll) or even tries to move over the surface of another body.

The presence of irregularities between the two surfaces in contact causes friction. 
Cause of Friction:
Friction is a evil because it cause of loss of energy and wear and tear of surfaces.

• Soles of shoes wear out
• We feel heat when we rub our hands.
• Lighting a matchstick
• Working of an eraser
• Coming down a Kid’s slide
• Holding onto objects

Hence we can conclude that Both I and II are the caused by friction.

Option (2) represents the correct order as first we identify the problem, then define the problem, then collect data and in the last, we do experiment.

The section on 'activities and projects included in the exercises of NCERT Science textbooks for class Vlll' primarily aims at assessing the students on practical skills. It will enhance their thinking skills.

Biased opinion does not reflect the personality attribute of a person having scientific temper.

Constructivist teaching is based on the belief that the teacher facilitates a process of learning in which students are encouraged to be responsible and autonomous.

The expository Approach is also known as the Transmission Approach. In this approach, the teacher is communicating maximum information to the students in a minimum of time. This approach helps the teacher to
cover the content to be taught to the students. This approach is widely used across all subjects and different levels of education by the teacher. The main proponent of this method is David P. Ausubel.
In the expository approach all the cues provided by the teacher while teaching, the deductive thinking wherein abstract content is differentiated by the teacher giving appropriate examples to the students. The teaching Learning process is totally controlled by the teacher.
Note that:

• In Discovery Approach some cues in the form of learning material are presented by the teacher to the students and using Inductive thinking, the students are expected to discover the concept or the generalization/rule. Therefore the teaching-learning process is partially controlled by the teacher and students are also involved to a great extent. 
• In an Inquiry approach, the students are given a problem or a discrepant event. The students will ask the teacher questions to collect the data and they through interaction find out a satisfactory solution to a given problem or explanation of the given discrepant event. In this approach, the teaching-learning process is totally controlled by the students.

We make use of different sense organs while learning with teaching aids, so it is more effective learning. Teachers need to use teaching aids to teach Mathematics effectively. The most effective teaching aids are manipulative such as cubes, counters, pattern blocks, geoboards, place values blocks and plastic money, which are visual aids.

The 'pop' sound indicates the presence of hydrogen gas, as metals react with sodium hydroxide to produce hydrogen gas.
2Al + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO₂ + H₂↑

• Ginger is a stem and not a root because it has nodes and internodes.
• It is a rhizome, an underground modification of the stem.
  • The rhizome is a branched, prostrate, horizontally growing stem having nodes and internodes.
• It has a brownish line that represents nodes and internodes.
• It has scale leaves at nodes, axillary buds & a terminal bud.
  • These leaves lack chlorophyll.
  • The terminal bud gives rise to aerial shoot at the onset of a favourable condition.
• It grows above the ground & runs parallel to the ground.
• It helps the plant to propagate vegetatively.
• The nodes present in ginger give rise to both root & shoot.
• Underground modifications of stems:
  • Underground stems are modified to store food inside them.
  • It becomes thick & tuberous because of the storage of food.
  • Various types of modifications are:
    • Stem tuber: Potato.
    • Bulb: Onion, Garlic, Tulips, Lilies, etc.
    • Corm: Gladius, Sativus, etc.
    • Rhizome: Ginger, Turmeric, Banana, Ferns, etc.
• Rhizome:
• The rhizome which grows with lateral buds is called a sympodial rhizome.
  E.g: Ginger.
• The rhizome which grows through terminal buds is called a monopodial rhizome.
  E.g: Lotus.