UTET Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 (Social Science) - UTET MCQ

Erikson's (1959) theory of psychosocial development has eight distinct stages. Like Freud, Erikson assumed that a crisis occurs at each stage of development. For Erikson (1963), these crisis are of a psychosocial nature because they involve psychological needs of the individual (i.e. psycho) conflicting with the needs of society (i.e. social).
Industry (competence) vs. Inferiority
It is the 4th stage out of eight. It is at this stage that the child's peer group will gain greater significance and will become a major source of the child's self esteem. The child now feels the need to win approval by demonstrating specific competencies that are valued by society, and begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments.

In pre-childhood, the tendency of children to explore new and move around greatly increases.
Pre-childhood covers the period from 2 to 6 years. It is also known as the preschool stage. The characteristics of pre-childhood are:

• Some parents feel that behavioral problems of the childhood period are more troublesome than physical care of infants.
• Some behavioral problems occur during this period such as obstinacy, stubbornness, disobedience, and antagonistic.
• It is a toy age because most of the time children are engaged with their toys. These toys are also helpful to educate the children. Toys are an important element of their play activities.
• The tendency of children to explore new and move around greatly increases.
• This is a period when a child is considered physically and mentally independent. This is also a school-going age.
• Children become more self-sufficient, and independent, and develop self-esteem.
• This is the age of foundations of social behavior. They are a more organized social life they will be required to adjust to when they enter first grade.
• Develop physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development.

Right to Education Act (RTE) is an act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4th August, 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution.
After the implementation of RTE Act 2009, the classrooms are age-wise more homogeneous.

In concrete operational stage, the child responds to inferred reality. Children are much less egocentric in the concrete operational stage. It falls between the ages of 7 to 11 years old and is marked by more logical and methodical manipulation of symbols. The main goal at this stage is for a child to start working things out inside their head.

Industry versus Inferiority Stage is emphasised by psycho social theory.

गद्यांश में आत्मनिरीक्षण का अर्थ स्वयं का निरीक्षण है।

• आत्मनिरीक्षण में दो शब्द ‘आत्म' एवं 'निरीक्षण' है।
• आत्म शब्द का अर्थ: स्व या स्वयं से है एवं निरीक्षण का अर्थ: जाँच करना।
• सम्मिलित रूप में इसका अर्थ हुआ: अपनी समीक्षा करना।

• उपर्युक्त गद्यांश के अनुसार बारहसिंघा का पसंदीदा क्षेत्र दलदली घास का मैदान है।
• यह प्रायः नम दलदली घास वाले क्षेत्रों में रहना पसंद करते हैं।

ये कोरोना वाली छुट्टी बहुत कुछ सिखा गयी .. से क्या अभिप्राय है "इस बीमारी के सामने सब बराबर है"।
यह कोरोना वाली छुट्टी बहुत कुछ सिखा गई पंक्ति से आशय इस बीमारी के सामने सब बराबर है।
अर्थात इस बीमारी में वर्ग भेद को नहीं माना है।

जब विद्यालय में विभिन्न प्रकार की सामग्री का उपयोग किया जाता है, तो उसे सामग्री अनुकूलन कहा जाता हैं।
शिक्षक द्वारा बनायी गयी कम लागत की अधिगम सामग्री शिक्षण में प्रयोग करने के लिए सबसे उत्तम होती है।

• कक्षा में गुणवत्ता लाने के लिए शिक्षक को अधिगम का समर्थन करने के लिए सामग्री की आवश्यकता होती है।
• यदि विविध अधिगम सामग्री का प्रयोग किया जाए तो कोई भी बच्चा अधिगम प्रक्रिया में पूरी तरह भाग ले पाऐगा।
• जब विद्यालय में विभिन्न प्रकार की सामग्री का उपयोग अधिगम को सरल और सुसाध्य बनाने के लिए किया जाता है तो इसे सामग्री अनुकूलन कहते हैं।
• जहां उपयुक्त हो अधिगम के समर्थन के लिए दृश्य सामग्री जैसे चित्र, फोटोग्राफ आदि का प्रयोग करना चाहिए। एक “समुद्री घोड़े” या 'ताजमहल' का चित्र बच्चे को शब्दों से कहीं अधिक जानकारी देगा।
• महान व्यक्तियों के चित्र, कम गिनती में रह गए जानवरों व पौधों के चित्र, ऐतिहासिक स्थानों को फोटोग्राफ और घटनाएं चित्रों के रूप में, सब बच्चों की कल्पना सही
• दिशा में ले जाने में मदद करती हैं।

It should be "Everybody knows that....".

The given passage is about Artificial Intelligence.

• The given word eradicating means destroy completely; put an end to.
• In option 1, Implant means to put (something) in a specified place.

So, '​Implant' is the most appropriate antonym.

The correct sentence will be, 'She has been living in Chennai since 1989.' as it talks about the present. 'Had been' would have been appropriate if some other information had been given after 1989 referring to past.

Foreign policy analysis (FPA) is a branch of political science dealing with theory development. It involves goals, strategies, measures, methods and guidelines. So, the most efficient method of teaching foreign policy of India is discussion method.

• Statement (A) accurately describes the typical layout of houses in the Harappan civilization, which existed in ancient India approximately about 4700 years ago.
• Archaeological evidence suggests that Harappan houses were generally one or two storeys high and were built around a central courtyard, with rooms for living and working purposes.
• Statement (B) is also correct in that many Harappan houses had separate bathing areas, which were often located near the entrance of the house, and some had wells to provide a source of water for the household.
• The Harappans were known for their advanced system of sanitation and water management, and many of their cities and towns had sophisticated systems of public and private baths, as well as drainage systems.
• Many of these cities had covered drains, very often, drains in houses were connected to those on the streets and smaller drains led into bigger ones.
• As the drains were covered, inspection holes were provided at intervals to clean them.
• All three — houses, drains and streets — were probably planned and built at the same time.

Hence we conclude that both statements are correct.

• In 1905 Viceroy Curzon partitioned Bengal.
• The partition of Bengal infuriated people all over India.
• All sections of the Congress – the Moderates and the Radicals, as they may be called – opposed it.
• Large public meetings and demonstrations were organised and novel methods of mass protest developed.
• The struggle that unfolded came to be known as the Swadeshi movement.
• Gandhi started the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920 against “Punjab wrongs” (Jallianwala massacre), the Khilafat wrong and demand swaraj. 
• The Non-Cooperation Movement gained momentum through 1921-22.
• Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges.
• Many lawyers such as Motilal Nehru, C.R. Das, C. Rajagopalachari and Asaf Ali gave up their practices during the Non-Cooperation Movement.
• British titles were surrendered and legislatures boycotted.
• People lit public bonfires of foreign cloth.

Hence, we can conclude that both the given statements (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

The best suited to enable children of Class-VIII to express their creativity can be preparation of scrapbooks as in this, student can show their creativity a number of times.

The Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution of India on 26 November 1949, and it came into effect on 26 January 1950. 
Some of the features that are mentioned in the Indian Constitution are:

• ​One feature of the Constitution was its adoption of universal adult franchise. All Indians above the age of 21 would be allowed to vote in state and national elections.
• A second feature of the Constitution was that it guaranteed equality before the law to all citizens, regardless of their caste or religious affiliation.
• A third feature of the Constitution was that it offered special privileges for the poorest and most disadvantaged Indians.
• The Constitution of India establishes a federal system of government.
• The Constitution of India has opted for the British Parliamentary System of Government rather than the American Presidential system of government.
• The Constitution of India guarantees six Fundamental Rights to all Citizens.

Based on the above given points, we can conclude that both the features of the Indian Constitution are correct.

A goiter is a swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland.

Among the given statements, both (A) and (B) are true and (B) is correct explanation of (A).

• TV, radio and newspapers are a form of media that reaches millions of people, or the masses, across the country and the world and, thus, they are called mass media.
• The different technologies that mass media use are expensive.
• The technologies that mass media use keep changing and so a lot of money is spent on getting the latest technology.
• Due to these costs, the mass media needs a great deal of money to do its work.
• As a result, most television channels and newspapers are part of big business houses. 
• Mass media is constantly thinking of ways to make money.
• One way in which the mass media earns money is by advertising different things like cars, chocolates, clothes, mobile phones, etc.
• The advertisements are shown to the audience repeatedly in the hope that people will go out and buy what is advertised.

Based on the above discussion, we can conclude that, both the statements (A) and (B) are true and (B) is correct explanation of (A).

The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 was a major reform of the boundaries of India's states and territories, organizing them along linguistic lines. 

• The movement to create a Telugu-speaking state out of the northern portion of Madras state gathered strength in the years after independence, and in 1953, the sixteen northern Telugu-speaking districts of Madras State became the new State of Andhra.

The term unity in diversity relates to the state of togetherness or integrity despite the presence of infinite diversity.

• Unity in diversity is based on the concept where the individual has variations in physical qualities, skin color, castes, creed, cultural and religious traditions, etc. are not seen as a dispute.
• Rather, these differences are viewed upon as varieties that improve the society and the nation as a whole.
• Unity in India is the best model of unity in diversity because people living with various religions and cultures follow the same laws as laid down by the Constitution of India.
• V A Smith is a British Historian who called India is a land of diversity. He said, “In India, there is unity in diversity and diversity in unity.”
  • He called Samudragupta the "Napoleon of India".
  • He prepared the textbook called 'Early History of India in 1904.'

Hence, we can conclude that ​the above statement is called by V. A. Smith.

A textbook is a book used for the study of a subject. The teacher uses a textbook to learn facts and methods about a certain subject. It includes questions to test the knowledge and understanding of students.

Children find themselves unable to relate what happens in the real world with what they read in the textbooks.
"The textbooks are full of constitutional, legal and procedural details presented in a dry and abstract manner. No wonder children experience a disconnect between the theory they read in the textbook and what they see in real life around them. This is perhaps what makes Civics 'boring' for young adults in a country otherwise full of passion for politics.''

Social sciences comprise a branch of knowledge that basically studies human society or human relationships. Social sciences study the social behaviour of human life.

An 'economic good' is a good or service that has a benefit (utility) to society. Also, economic goods have a degree of scarcity and therefore, an opportunity cost. This is in contrast to a 'free good' (like air, sea water) where there is no opportunity cost – but abundance. Free goods cannot be traded. So, gold is not a free good.
A 'public good' is a commodity or service that is provided without profit to all members of a society, either by the government or by a private individual or organisation. So, gold is not a public good.
'Perishable goods' are the goods which decay or spoil when kept for long. So, gold is not a perishable good either.
An 'economic good' is one which can command a price when sold, while a capital good is one that is used in producing other goods, rather than being bought by consumers.
So, gold is both an economic good and a capital good.

In a mixed economy, the means of production are shared between the Private and Public sectors. They are responsible for increasing production as well as for the generation of jobs.

• In a democratic country, the election process is done according to the country.
• In India, the election process takes place after every 5 years. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
• Universal Adult Franchise gives the right to vote to all adult citizens, regardless of wealth, gender, income, social status, race, ethnicity, political stance, or any other restriction, subject only to minor exceptions.
• The 61st Constitutional Amendment lowered the voting age of elections to the Lok Sabha and to the Legislative Assemblies of States from 21 years to 18 years. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.

Inductive learning is contradictory to "expository teaching" because expository teaching (ET) takes the form of a lecture recitation to full-class with explanations, examples and opportunities for practice and feedback. Its format is a multi-faceted presentation requiring not only large amounts of verbal explanation but also teacher-student interactions involving questions, answers, review and practice and the correction of student errors. It is contradictory to inductive learning.

The phrase Unity in diversity said by Jawaharlal Nehru rightly describes India. There are so many religions, castes, creeds, and languages that are present in India.

Benjamin Bloom's taxonomy is a set of three hierarchical models that refers to the classification of educational learning objectives.

• In the taxonomy, Bloom identified three domains of learning which include cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. These three domains have been divided in a way that proceeds from the simplest process to the complex.
  • Cognitive: In this domain, only those objectives are included which are concerned with the intellectual abilities and skills of the learner.
  • Affective:  Only those objectives are included that are related to the domain of interests, attitudes, and values that bring out the desirable changes in the same.
  • Conative or psychomotor: It includes physical movement, coordination, and use of the motor-skill areas​. The training of physical activities is the main objective of this domain.