UP TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 6 (Science and Mathematics) - UPTET MCQ

Mastery learning is a term, formulated by John B.Carrol (1971) and Benjamin Bloom (1971). It provides a compact and interesting way of increasing the likelihood that more students will attain a satisfactory level of performance in school subjects. First, all students are taught together in the same way and the method of teaching is equal for all the learners. Then, a mastery test is given to check, if students have mastered the subject. Those students are separated who could not master the subject, and diagnose their difficulty and divide them into various groups according to their problems. They are given mastery learning according to their difficulty requirements and then again they are checked by mastery test.

Noam Chomsky, known as the father of modern linguistics, has made a crucial contribution in the field of linguistics.
Let's understand Chomsky's view about language in brief:

• Innate ability: He strongly believes that children are born with an innate knowledge of grammar that serves as the basis for all language acquisition.
• Generative grammar: According to Chomsky it refers to a finite set of rules to generate sentences and can be used to produce more sentences in that language.
• Universal grammar: Chomsky's universal grammar suggests that all children have an innate ability to acquire, understand and develop grammar.
• Language Acquisition Device: Chomsky proposed that humans are equipped with a language acquisition device that enables a child to acquire and produce language.

A brief description of other psychologists:

So, Noam Chomsky is associated with ‘language development'.

Extinction (psychology) is observed in both operantly conditioned and classically conditioned behaviours. When operant behaviour that has been previously reinforced no longer produces reinforcing consequences, the behaviour gradually stops occurring.
A partial reinforcement will continue to produce reinforcing consequences and therefore, making it difficult to stop a behaviour from re-occurring.

अंत, पतन, समाप्त तीनो पर्यायवाची शब्द है।
इतिहास के पर्यायवाची शब्द - इतिवृत, प्रचीनकथा, पुरावृत्त, पूर्ववृत्तांत, पुराण, पूर्वकथा, अतीत कथा, पूर्ववृत।

वर्ण-विच्छेद यानी वर्णों को अलग-अलग करना।
किसी शब्द (वर्णों का समूह ) को अलग-अलग करके लिखने की प्रक्रिया को वर्ण विच्छेद कहते हैं। 
वर्ण-विच्छेद करते समय हमें स्वरों की मात्राओं को पहचानना पड़ता है और
उस मात्रा के स्थान पर उस स्वर (अ, आ, इ, ई आदि) को प्रयोग में लाया जाता है जिसकी वह मात्रा होती है।
उदाहरण - निधि शब्द का वर्ण विच्छेद होगा - न् + इ + ध् + इ

सफाई शब्द में प्रत्यय "ई" प्रत्यय है।
सफ़ाई: सफ़ा + ई
सफ़ा शब्द अरबी भाषा का शब्द है।

दिए गए विकल्पों मे उचित उत्तर विकल्प B ‘अन’ है।
‘अनमोल’ शब्द का मूल शब्द ‘मोल’ है जिसमें ‘अन’ उपसर्ग से ‘अन+मोल= अनमोल’ शब्द निर्मित हुआ है। जिसका अर्थ है – जिसका मूल्य न लगया जा सके।
‘अन’ उपसर्ग से बने अन्य शब्द हैं- अनबन, अनहानी, अनकही, अनदेखा आदि।

घरेलू भाषा अर्जित भाषा का एक उदाहरण है जबकि मानक भाषा को अधिगम से प्राप्त होने वाली भाषा के रूप में देखा जाता है।

• समझ का विकास हमारे अपने स्वयं के अनुभवों द्वारा होता है।
• बालक की समझ के विकास का एकमात्र रास्ता उसके लिए विभिन्न अनुभव देने वाली परिस्थितियों का निर्माण करना है।
• बालक पर कोई अन्य व्याख्या आरोपित कर देने से समझ का विकास नहीं हो सकता।

अंग्रेजी पढ़ाने की व्याकरण-अनुवाद पद्धति काफी हद तक प्रपत्र-केंद्रित शिक्षण पर निर्भर करती है। व्याकरण-अनुवाद विधि ग्रीक और लैटिन शिक्षण की शास्त्रीय (कभी-कभी पारंपरिक कहा जाता है) पद्धति से प्राप्त विदेशी भाषाओं को पढ़ाने की एक विधि है। व्याकरण-अनुवाद कक्षाओं में, छात्र व्याकरण संबंधी नियमों को सीखते हैं और फिर लक्ष्य भाषा और मूल भाषा के बीच वाक्यों का अनुवाद करके उन नियमों को लागू करते हैं।

सीख लीगे भाषा तथा अपेक्षित भाषा मे संवाद करने के लिए प्रयुक्त की जाने वाली भाषा शिक्षण की विधि अनुवाद विधि हैI अनुवाद विधि के गुण :-

• इसे बड़ी सरलता से पढ़ाया ज सकता हैI
• इस विधि मे बोलने की अपेक्षा लिखने और पढने पर तथा भाषा की अपेक्षा भाषा के तत्वों के ज्ञान पर अधिक बल दिया जाता हैI
• द्वितीय भाषा के ढांचों का ज्ञान कराया जाता है तथा भाषा कौशलो मे दक्षता ली जाती हैI
• द्वितीय भाषा के शब्दों एवं वाक्यों का ज्ञान आना चाहिए ना कि नियम व मातृभाषा के अवतरणों का द्वतीय भाषा मे अनुवाद किया जाता हैI

Encouraging students to ask more and more questions is suitable for making students responsible for their own learning. The students feel motivated for asking questions, which in turn arouse their curiosity and also help to assess their understanding of the material. These also help to develop critical thinking skills and to nurture insights.

The Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)approach is based on the view that "Language is a system for the expression of meaning." 

India’s linguistic diversity is both a challenge and an opportunity in schooling. It is a challenge as the language-in-education policy could not, accommodate (all) the languages of the children in the curriculum and is merit and opportunity in terms of availability of languages in a typical Indian classroom where employing multilingualism as a strategy for teaching-learning of languages as well as the ‘content’ subject is possible and necessary. The language-in-education policy attempts to accommodate at least three languages within ten years of schooling. However, many tribal and minor languages are yet to find a place in the school curriculum.
If a teacher tells the students to visit at least three schools in your neighborhood and find the difference in the English language proficiency of learners and teachers, languages known/spoken by learners, and languages used inside and outside the classroom in the school then she is focusing on multilingualism and language education.

• Multilingualism is a natural phenomenon that relates positively to cognitive flexibility and scholastic achievement.
• Several recent studies have effectively demonstrated the positive relationship of bilingualism with cognitive growth and scholastic achievement. There is a highly positive relationship between bilingualism, cognitive flexibility, and scholastic achievement.
• Bilingual children not only have control over several different languages but are also academically more creative and socially more tolerant.
• The wide range of linguistic skills that they control equips them to negotiate different social situations more efficiently. 

Thus it is clear that Neha is focusing on multilingualism and language education.

The teaching-learning of mathematics stresses much on developing the skill of mathematization. It is expected that children should expand the horizon of cognition by incorporating abilities that help them to manage situations mathematically.

• For a plano-convex lens, one of the surfaces is flat (Plano) and the other is curved (convex).
• The radius of curvature of the curved surface is given as 20 cm, and the refractive index of the material of the lens is 1.5.
• The focal length of the lens can be calculated using the lens maker's formula:

1/f = (n - 1) × (1/R1 - 1/R2)
where
f is the focal length of the lens,
n is the refractive index of the lens material,
R₁ is the radius of curvature of the first surface (the flat surface in this case, which is infinite), and
R₂ is the radius of curvature of the second surface (the curved surface in this case).
Since the first surface is flat, the radius of curvature R1 is infinite, and the term (1/R1) becomes zero. Therefore, the lens maker's formula simplifies to:
1/f = (n - 1) ×  (1/R2)------(1)
Calculation:
Substituting the values in equation (1), we get:
1/f = (1.5 - 1) × (1/20)
1/f = 0.025
f = 1/0.025
f = 40 cm
Therefore, the focal length of the plano-convex lens is 40 cm.
The correct answer is option (4)

Myopia occurs when the eyeball is too long, relative to the focusing power of the cornea and lens of the eye.

The deficiency of copper can cause many haematological manifestations, such as myelodysplasia, anemia, leukopenia (low white blood cell count) and neutropenia (low count of neutrophils,) a type of white blood cell that is often called "the first line of defence" for the immune system.

The boiling point of hydrocarbons increases as the number of carbon atoms in the molecule increases. This is because forces between molecules increase as the size of the molecule increases.
The boiling point are mentioned below :
Methane = -162°C
Ethane = -89°C
Propane = -42°C
Butane = 0.5°C

(500)^1/3 x (16)^1/3
= (5 x 2 x 5 x 2 x 5)^1/3 x (2 x 2 x 2 x 2)^1/3
= (2⁶)^1/3 x (5³)^1/3
= 2² x 5
= 4 x 5
= 20
Thus, option (2) is correct.

The first step is to outline learning objectives, i.e. to determine what you want students to learn and be able to do that at the end of class.

Decentering (also known as decentration) refers to the ability to consider multiple aspects of a situation. In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the third stage is called 'Concrete Operational Stage', where a child aged 7-12 shows increased use of logic. One of the logical processes that develops is that of decentering. For example, when asked to choose between two lollipops, a child might choose the one based on how its flavour is better than the other, even though the other is of the same size and colour.
Here, the students did not make a distinction between two different aspects of the glass containers, i.e. length and width. So, option (3) is the correct answer.

The teaching-learning of mathematics stresses much on developing the skill of mathematization. It is expected that children should expand the horizon of cognition by incorporating abilities that help them to manage situations mathematically.

Inductive instruction makes use of student noticing. Instead of explaining a given concept and following this explanation with examples, the teacher presents students with many examples showing how the concept is used. The intent is for students to notice, by way of the examples, how the concept works.

National Curriculum Framework (NCF) strongly recommends that Science education at upper primary stage should follow constructivistic approach for teaching and learning of the subject which helps in the holistic development of the student.

Values Inculcated through mathematics: Values of Learning Mathematics Values are the outcomes or results achieved after teaching according to certain aims. They are the actual results of our teaching effort. They enable the students to acquire mathematical knowledge, skills, develop interests and attitudes. The various values are as follows:

• Practical or Utilitarian values
• Intellectual values
• Social values
• Moral values
• Disciplinary values
• Cultural values
• International values
• Aesthetic values
• Vocational values
• Psychological values

Scientific method is a method of solving problem scientifically. Training in the method is more important than the acquisition of information.

• According to Lundberg “Scientific method consists of systematic observation, classification, and interpretation of data”.

Self-reporting technique used to evaluate the student's own feelings, interests is an interview.

A control group is a group separated from the rest of the experiment where the independent variable being tested cannot influence the results. This isolates the independent variable's effects on the experiment and can help rule out alternate explanations of the experimental results.

• The magnets lose their properties on heating, hammering(Beating), and dropping from some height.
• On heating, On dropping, and On hammering-  the magnetic domains of the magnet which were aligned in the same direction gain energy due to heat and lose their orientation, thus becoming randomized.
• If this heat energy is given for a long time then the magnet loses all its magnetic properties.

So, A is true but R is false.

As a science teacher, when you plan your teaching-learning, apart from approach and media, you also plan the method which is appropriate to transact the content in the classroom. There are a variety of teaching methods that can be used by the teacher for teaching theory and skills in the classroom setting.