KTET Paper 2: English Language Test - 9 (Social Science) - KTET MCQ

Knowledge may have a weightage of 80%.

'Lev Vygotsky', a Soviet psychologist, has propounded the "Socio-cultural Theory". This theory implies the idea that social interaction plays a crucial role in the development of a learner's cognitive ability. ​

• Lev Vygotsky emphasized that the acquisition of speech is the major activity in cognitive development. He believed by acquiring language, the child modifies its higher mental functions. 
• In his "Socio-cultural Theory", Vygotsky also proposed the three stages of language development (private speech is one of them) that a child progresses while developing cognitively.

Grammar teaches the child to write and speak, is the role of grammar in learning the written and spoken form of language.
The use of pure language is an art, be it oral or written. Grammar plays an important role for its clarity for the correctness of the language. For the correctness of the language, there is a need to pay special attention to the practical side along with the theoretical knowledge of grammar. Grammar education should be given from the primary stage itself.

The bus broke down on the ghat road.
Here, 'break down' means 'stopped due to mechanical failure' because 'break down' means 'stop operating or functioning'.

The English language has achieved a prior place in the curriculum. The aim of teaching the English language is to help children to acquire practical commands of the English language. In the present era, English language teaching is facing several problems.

• Problems of spelling errors of students can be solved through Dictation. Dictation is an act or manner of uttering words to be transcribed.
• Dictation is the process of writing down what someone else has said.
• Dictation provides a chance for everyone to model many writing behaviors, including handwriting, match the sounds, sound to letters to the spell, etc.

The teacher is doing task-based language teaching.
The Task-Based Approach (TBA) has gained popularity in the field of language teaching since the last decade of the 20th Century. Task-based language teaching:- It is teaching where the planning and teaching depend on a task.

• In this case, the teacher is asking to present a short presentation for a vacation. So, it is based on a particular task.
• Task-based learning is especially conducive to group learning. Learning a language as a group is also a very important contributor to effective retention. Collaborating with others and becoming confident with the language within a group is a key step in acquiring that language.
• Task-based learning uses a lesson structure that incorporates different activities to solve a task. The task can span the length of an entire lesson or, if it’s project-based learning, it can take up several lessons to complete.

Thus, it is concluded that a teacher asks students she plans a vacation they’re going to take together as a group, and then after coming from vacation they will do a short presentation about it to the class, or submit a written assignment or video explaining it. The teacher is doing Task-based language teaching.

'Deductive method' comprises of explaining a given concept and following this explanation with examples. The teacher presents students with many examples showing how the concept is used.

Language learning is the process of learning to speak and understand a foreign language. It helps children to acquire practical commands of language. It is a result of deliberate and conscious effort for a better understanding of foundational skills of language learning.

• There are many theories in psychology that are related to different schools of psychology such as cognitive, humanistic, behavioristic, etc. These theories are propounded by eminent psychologists to provide a framework to understand different aspects of human behavior.
• 'Lev Vygotsky', a Soviet psychologist, has propounded the "Socio-cultural Theory". This theory implies the idea that social interaction plays a crucial role in the learner's development. 

A large number of robots carrying out the whole manufacturing process is a smart factory.

• The given passage is about Artificial Intelligence.
• Let us refer to the line from the passage, " Industry  4.0  creates what has been called a ‘smart factory’ wherein a large number of robots take forward the whole manufacturing process with the help of cyber-physical systems,  IoT and cloud computing".
• From the given passage we get to know that many robots carry out the whole manufacturing process with the help of cyber-physical systems. This is termed as a 'smart factory'. 

So, 'a large number of robots carrying out the whole manufacturing process​' is the correct option.

'Antonym' means 'opposite in meaning'. So, opposite meaning of the word 'harmony' is 'disturbance'.

Coherence refers to the network of relationships that obtains among the different ideas and concepts dealt with in a given text. Surface-level cohesive devices, on the other hand, account for the ways in which components of the text are bound with each other.

Computers are machines that allow us to perform complex tasks in an accurate, precise, and productive manner. Computer technology has evolved so much over time that nowadays, computers can aid in language learning also.
Computers have the capabilities to check the spellings, sentences, usage of words, and all other structures of the language in real time. It enables the students to realize and rectify their mistakes instantly and also they can use the computer to store the mistakes they have made to recall whatever errors were made in the past. So, it helps the learners by supporting them in language learning through real-time detailed error feedback.
Thus, it is concluded that computer technology enhances accuracy in students' writing by providing detailed error feedback.

• Drill work means memorizing a piece of text by repeating it. It does not require a computer, rather it needs effort from the learner.
• Spelling and grammar check is included in detailed error feedback.
• Formatting and font designs are not related to language learning or enhancing accuracy, rather they focus on the visual and aesthetic appearance of the text.

Audio-visual aids are also called instructional material. Audio literally means hearing and visual means found by seeing. So, all aids, which endeavour to make the knowledge clear to us through our sense are called audio-visual aids or instructional material.
Television is an audio-visual aid. It is one of the most versatile audio-visual aids ever. Television focuses the attention of students on a particular topic. Through television a good teacher can reach the students spread over distant schools simultaneously and effectively. Various lessons and demonstrations duly illustrated by slides, models, specimens, etc. can be observed by the pupils and the teachers. Many educational talks and discussions can be seen.

CCE refers to a school-based evaluation, which covers all aspects of school activities related to a child’s development. It emphasizes twofold objectives such as continuity of evaluation and assessment of learning outcomes in a comprehensive manner. It covers all the domains of learning i.e. cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains.

The third line of the third paragraph states, "The sight of the little Brenton girl who did her housework filled her with terrible regrets and hopeless fantasies."

This is the correct option because children learning language are not open-minded or naïve theory generators — they are not 'little scientists'. Instead, the human language-learning mechanism (the 'language acquisition device' or 'LAD') embodies built-in knowledge about human languages, knowledge that prevents learners from entertaining most possible grammatical theories.

Language is a symbolic, rule-governed system, shared by a group of people to express their thoughts and feelings. These rules are the set of conventions that organize their proper use and dictate how words relate to one another. Some of these rules that govern a language include morpheme, phonetics, syntax, semantic, etc. 

Teachers who want to introduce meaningful language to children, they place the language of daily use in the textbook.
The concept or theory of meaningful learning is that learned information is completely understood and can now be used to make connections with other previously known knowledge, aiding in further understanding.

In a live oral presentation, the audience cannot re-read or skip ahead. There are some students who learn by reading or are visual learners. If they cannot read the things that have been presented to them, their attention will wander and it will be hard to get it back. So, oral presentation must be followed by reading off the blackboard.

Reading has been defined as a process whereby one looks at and understands what has been written, the reader does not necessarily need to look at everything in a given piece of writing. The reader actively works on the text and is able to arrive at understanding it without looking at every letter and word. 

Writing is the physical expression of what you think. The close relationship between writing and thinking makes writing valuable. As young children struggle with what to put down next, or how to put it down on paper, they often discover a new way of expressing an idea. If the writing process is to develop naturally, the following approaches should be followed:

• It is important to allow some mother tongue usage until such time as when a child has enough mastery over the second language to not require the mother tongue.
• A teacher should motivate the student to read more storybooks and he should take informal feedback about new words encountered.
• During reading the storybook the student will encounter new words while the teacher could introduce and explain those new words which will help the student to better express his/her thought in conversation and in writing.
• We need to facilitate the transition by providing suitable vocabulary or structures, as well as motivating children by creating a real need to communicate.

Therefore, we conclude that with the help of the above-mentioned points, a teacher can help students expressing his/her views.

In linguistics, a compound is a lexeme (less precisely, a word) that consists of more than one stem. Compounding, composition or nominal composition is the process of word formation that creates compound lexemes. That is, in familiar terms, compounding occurs when two or more words are joined to make one longer word. There are three forms of compound words:
The closed form, in which the words are melded together, such as firefly, secondhand, softball, childlike, crosstown, redhead, keyboard, makeup, notebook;
The hyphenated form, such as daughter-in-law, master-at-arms, over-the-counter, six-pack, six-year-old, mass-produced; and The open form, such as post office, real estate, middle class, full moon, half sister, attorney general.
Blending: A blend is a word formed by joining parts of two words after clipping. An example is 'smog', which comes from 'smoke' and 'fog', or 'brunch', which comes from 'breakfast' and 'lunch'.

• The given blank needs to be filled with a suitable word.
• Here the sentence is about summative assessment that includes "written assessment" only.
• Written assessment: Writing assessment refers to an area of study that contains theories and practices that guide the evaluation of a writer's performance or potential through a writing task.
• Other options are incorrect here because they do not fit in the context.
• Hence, the complete sentence is: "Summative assessment includes written assessment".

Language teaching is less about the school and more about the process of learning English. The modern approach to all language learning and teaching is the scientific one and is based on sound linguistic principles.
Principle of Graded Patterns:

• “To teach a language is to impart a new system of complex habits, and habits are acquired slowly.” So, language patterns should be taught gradually, in cumulative graded steps.
• This means the teacher should go on adding each new element or pattern to previous ones. New patterns of language should be introduced and practiced with vocabulary that students already know.

Here, we need comparative form of adjective. Option (1) is incorrect as it uses double comparatives.

A diverse classroom refers to a learning environment where students come from different cultural, linguistic, ethnic, religious, socio-economic and/or academic backgrounds.

• The students in a diverse classroom may have different learning needs, abilities, and styles. Therefore, teaching in a diverse classroom requires teachers to have a range of instructional strategies that can cater to the diverse needs of students.

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) refers to a system of school-based evaluation of students that covers all aspects of students' development.

• CCE was introduced by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) in India to evaluate the student’s development in all aspects throughout the academic year on a continuous basis.
• The objective of CCE is to make evaluation an integral part of learning through diagnostic and remedial teaching.
• CCE helps improve student’s performance by identifying his/her learning difficulties at regular intervals right from the beginning of the academic session and employing suitable remedial measures for enhancing their learning performance.

CCE describes two different types of evaluations which include summative and formative assessment/evaluation.

• "Summative Evaluation", commonly known as  "Assessment of Learning" is a type of evaluation which:
  • measures, certifies, and reports the level of students' learning by assessing them at the end of the term.
  • produces an accurate description of students' potential and achievement to promote them to the next grades.
• "Formative evaluation", commonly known as "Assessment for Learning" is a type of evaluation which: 
  • monitor the child's progress throughout the teaching-learning process and improve students' academic achievements.
  • diagnoses and removes the learning difficulties of students with appropriate strategies.

So, it becomes clear that Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation includes both formative and summative assessments using a wide variety of strategies.

While learning a language, the programmed instruction provides opportunities for independent study, a wide range of reference material and an immediate feedback about achievement.
Programmed instruction is a method of presenting new subject matter to students in a graded sequence of controlled steps. Students work through the programmed material by themselves at their own speed and after each step, test their comprehension by answering an examination question or filling in a diagram.

Language is a symbolic, rule-governed system, shared by a group of people to express their thoughts and feelings. In a child, language development takes place through language acquisition and language learning.

Language teaching refers to a process whereby a child gains communicative comprehension or fluency over a language. It involves practice by learners where facilitation is provided by a teacher. There are several methods of English language teaching and the Communicative Approach is one of them.
The communicative approach is a method of language teaching which makes learners 'linguistic competence' by involving them in real communication.
It highlights the importance of real communication for learning to take place rather than emphasizing writing skills and grammatical aspects of communication.
In the communicative approach to ELT, development of language learning or teaching involves a shift from form-based to a meaning-based approach as it:

• aims to strengthen fluency, not the accuracy.
• promotes learners to encounter with real life situations.
• focuses on communication rather than grammatical structures.
• emphasizes the functional use of language in the real context.
• prepares the learners for meaningful and authentic communicative activity.
• lays emphasis on using language to communicate meaningfully in the target language.

So, we can conclude that the term 'linguistic competence' is associated with the Communicative approach to ELT.