PS TET Paper 2: Social Science Test - 3 - PS TET MCQ

• The oldest Veda is the Rigveda, composed about 3500 years ago.
• The Rigveda includes more than a thousand hymns, called sukta or “well-said”. 
• These hymns are in praise of various gods and goddesses.
• Three gods are especially important: Agni, the god of fire; Indra, a warrior god; and Soma, a plant from which a special drink was prepared.
• These hymns were composed of sages (rishis).
• Priests taught students to recite and memorise each syllable, word, and sentence, bit by bit, with great care.
• Most of the hymns were composed, taught and learnt by men.
• A few were composed of women.
• The Rigveda is in old or Vedic Sanskrit, which is different from the Sanskrit you learn in school these days. 
• The books we use are written and printed.
• The Rigveda was recited and heard rather than read.
• It was written down several centuries after it was first composed, and printed less than 200 years ago.

So we conclude that the statement  "Rigveda was read rather than recited and heard." is incorrect.

James Mill:

• In his massive three-volume work, A History of British India, James Mill divides Indian history into three periods – Hindu, Muslim and British. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
• This periodization has its own problem. It is difficult to refer to any period of history as ‘Hindu’ or ‘Muslim’ because a variety of faiths existed simultaneously in these periods. 
• The British thought surveys were important for effective administration. Hence statement 3 is correct.
• According to his prejudiced version of Indian history, the British rule represents all the forces of progress and civilization, while the period before British rule represents darkness, ignorance, despotism, religious intolerance, caste taboos, superstitious practices, etc. Hence statement 4 is correct.
• However, the periodization of Indian History on the basis of religion is problematic for several reasons.
• A variety of faiths, apart from Hinduism and Islam, existed in the periods categorized as Hindu and Muslim by Mill.
• Also, it is not right to classify an age according to the religion of the rulers of the time.
• To do so would suggest that the lives and the practices of the others do not really matter.
• Another point to keep in mind is that all rulers in ancient India did not share the same faith. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

• Science: Science is a systematic effort that creates and organizes information about the universe in the form of testable explanations and predictions. Science is also known as pure, natural, or physical science.
• Social Science: Social sciences are the body of knowledge that is concerned with human affairs in the spectrum of the broad socio-cultural system

The spinning of Earth around its axis is called its rotation. The time it takes for the planet to complete one spin is its rotation period. For Earth, this period of time is approximately 24 hours, or one Earth day.

Stratosphere extends up to a height of 50 km and is free from clouds and associated weather phenomenon, making conditions most ideal for flying aeroplanes.

This is the correct option because an analytical approach is the use of an appropriate process to break a problem down into the smaller pieces necessary to solve it. Each piece becomes a smaller and easier problem to solve.

• Pandita Ramabai, a great scholar of Sanskrit, felt that Hinduism was oppressive towards women, and wrote a book about the miserable lives of upper-caste Hindu women. Hence, statement B is true.
• She founded a widows’ home at Poona to provide shelter to widows who had been treated badly by their husbands’ relatives. Thus, statement A is true.
• Here women were trained so that they could support themselves economically.
• Pandita Ramabai herself had experienced the challenges faced by widows in India, having lost her own husband at a young age.
• She was determined to help other widows who were often treated as outcasts and denied basic human rights.
• In addition to founding the Sharada Sadan, Pandita Ramabai also established the Mukti Mission in Kedgaon, Maharashtra, which provided education and vocational training to women and children.
• She was a strong advocate for women's education and empowerment and worked tirelessly throughout her life to improve the status of women in Indian society.

Hence we conclude that the correct option is both (A) and (B) are true, and (B) is the precursor to (A).

• In Subhash Kumar vs the State of Bihar, the Supreme Court held that the right to life is a fundamental right under Article 21.
• It includes the right to the enjoyment of a pollution-free environment for full enjoyment of life.
• Article 21 of the constitution guarantees the life and personal liberty of all persons.
• It guarantees the right of persons to live with human dignity.
• In this case, the petitioner filed public interest litigation against two iron and steel companies because they created health risks to the public by dumping waste from their factories into nearby Bokaro river.
• The petitioner also claimed that the State Pollution Control Board had failed to take appropriate measures for preventing this pollution.

Thus, we can say that the Right to life including the right to the enjoyment of pollution-free water was added to the Fundamental Rights in the case of Subhash Kumar vs State of Bihar (1991).

Let the number of boys be x.
Number of girls = 14(2/7)% of x = (100/7)% of x = 0.1428x
Total number of students = 560
x + 0.1428x = 560
1.1428x = 560
x = 560 ÷ 1.1428 = 490
Number of girls = 560 - x = 560 - 490 = 70

In the first case:
Valency of X = +3
Valency of S = -2
Therefore, in this case, the formula for the sulphide of the element X = X₂S₃
In the second case:
Valency of X = +5
Valency of S = -2
Therefore, in this case, the formula for the sulphide of the element X = X₂S₅

• Archaeological evidence suggests that cotton was cultivated in the region of Mehrgarh, which is located in present-day Pakistan, as early as 7000 years ago. So statement A is correct.
• Actual pieces of cotton cloth were also discovered in the ancient city of Mohenjodaro, not Harappa. Hence, statement B is incorrect.
• It was attached to the lid of a silver vase and some copper objects.
• This suggests that cotton was being used to make textiles in the region at least 4000 years ago.
• The Indus Valley Civilization, which existed in the region from around 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE, is also known for its advanced textile industry, which likely included the production of cotton fabrics.

Hence we conclude that the correct option is (A) is true, (B) is false.

The Labrador Current is a cold ocean current that flows southward along the coast of eastern Canada, extending as far south as the Grand Banks of Newfoundland.

• It is a component of the North Atlantic Gyre, which is a large circular ocean current system that includes the Gulf Stream and other currents.
• The Labrador Current is formed by the mixing of cold water from the Arctic and subarctic regions with the warm water of the Gulf Stream.
• The cold water originates from the Labrador Sea, which is located to the north of the current's path.
• The Labrador Sea is an area of intense oceanic mixing and upwelling, where cold, nutrient-rich water rises to the surface and is exposed to the atmosphere.
• This process results in the formation of a cold, dense layer of water that flows southward along the eastern coast of Canada.
• The Labrador Current is an important component of the oceanic and atmospheric circulation of the region.
• It has a significant impact on the climate and weather patterns of eastern Canada and the northeastern United States.
• The cold water carried by the current lowers the temperature and humidity of the coastal regions, leading to cooler and drier conditions.
• The current also influences the formation of sea ice and the movement of marine species, including whales, seals, and fish.
• In addition to its scientific significance, the Labrador Current has played an important role in the history and culture of eastern Canada.
• It has shaped the development of coastal communities and the fisheries that rely on the region's abundant marine resources.
• The current has also been a subject of fascination and inspiration for artists, writers, and explorers who have been drawn to the rugged and wild beauty of the eastern Canadian coast

A rubric is a scoring guide or a set of criteria used to evaluate student performance on an assignment or task.

D. K. Basu Guidelines laid down by the Supreme Court of India are about procedures to be used by various agencies for the arrest, detention and interrogation of any person.

The objection related to the election can be raised only in the Supreme Court.

The plan meant for evaluating the learning outcomes of the students in the classroom is called lesson plan.

In commercial farming, crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in market. The area cultivated and the amount of capital used is large. Most of the work is done by machines.

IUCN is best known for compiling and publishing the IUCN Red List, known as a Red Data Book, which assesses the conservation status of species worldwide.

According to Census 2011, literacy rate is defined as the total percentage of the population of an area at a particular time aged seven years or above who can read and write with understanding. Here, the denominator is the population aged seven years or more.
Hence, option (3) is correct.

Primary data is original research that is obtained through first-hand investigation. Primary data includes information collected from interviews, experiments, surveys, questionnaires, focus groups and measurements. Here, the student is interviewing soldiers. Since the information is collected by the user himself, and is being collected by interviewing the soldiers, the soldiers are considered primary sources.

The industry refers to economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods, extraction of minerals, or the provision of services. Industries can be classified on the basis of raw materials, size, and ownership.

The diagnostic test refers to the test which helps the teachers to know the learning difficulties or gaps in the learner's understanding and identify learner's strengths, weaknesses, skills, etc

Deserts are areas that receive very little precipitation.
Deserts are found on every continent and cover about one-fifth of Earth’s land area. 
Geographically speaking, most deserts are found on the western sides of continents or—in the case of the Sahara, Arabian, and Gobi deserts and the smaller deserts of Asia—are located far from the coast in the Eurasian interior.
They tend to occur under the eastern sides of major subtropical high-pressure cells. These huge wheels of wind spiral clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere in the subtropics over the oceans; however, their behavior affects nearby continents.

• A heat budget is a perfect balance between incoming heat absorbed by the earth and outgoing heat escaping it in the form of radiation.
• The heat budget is important because it explains, why the earth neither warms up nor cools down despite the huge transfer of heat that takes place.
• The heat budget of the planet earth. The earth as a whole does not accumulate or lose heat. It maintains its temperature.
• This can happen only if the amount of heat received in the form of insolation equals the amount lost by the earth through terrestrial radiation.
• Consider that the insolation received at the top of the atmosphere is 100 percent.
• While passing through the atmosphere some amount of energy is reflected, scattered, and absorbed.
• Only the remaining part reaches the earth’s surface. Roughly 35 units are reflected back to space even before reaching the earth’s surface.
• Of these, 27 units are reflected back from the top of the clouds and 2 units from the snow and ice-covered areas of the earth.
• The reflected amount of radiation is called the albedo of the earth.
• The remaining 65 units are absorbed, 14 units within the atmosphere and 51 units by the earth’s surface.
• The earth radiates back 51 units in the form of terrestrial radiation.
• Of these, 17 units are radiated to space directly and the remaining 34 units are absorbed by the atmosphere (6 units absorbed directly by the atmosphere, 9 units through convection and turbulence, and 19 units through latent heat of condensation). 48 units absorbed by the atmosphere (14 units from insolation +34 units from terrestrial radiation) are also radiated back into space.

Thus, the total radiation returning from the earth and the atmosphere respectively is 17+48=65 units which balance the total of 65 units received from the sun. This is termed the heat budget or heat balance of the earth.
The balance of incoming and outgoing heat on Earth is referred to as its heat budget. As with any budget, to maintain constant conditions the budget must be balanced so that the incoming heat equals the outgoing heat. 

One of the scientific disciplines, social science is concerned with examining how societies function and how people interact within them.

1 hour 12 min
1 degree = 4 min
Time in Kolkata = 88 x 4 = 352 min
Time in Chennai = 70 x 4 = 280 min
Time difference = 72 min
= 1 hour 12 min

Natural vegetation refers to plants that have not been manufactured or processed by humans in any way. The varieties of natural vegetation are influenced by precipitation, soil, atmosphere, and geography.

• The Indian ebony tree is endemic to central India and is also known in Chhattisgarh as kendu and tendu.
• The Indian beedi, or traditional cigarette of India, is made from tendu leaves.
• It is a popular and highly sought-after dark, sturdy, and high-quality wood for furniture and woodwork.
• It may be found in the Indian state of Karnataka.
• The climate in the Himalayas is different from Central India. It is not favourable to the growth of ebony trees.
• Silver-fir, Blue-Pine, White willow all grow on the Himalayan mountain. 

Hence, Ebony is not found in the Himalayan forests.

Members to the Rajya Sabha are elected (indirectly) or nominated. Rajya Sabha consists of not more than 250 members – 238 members representing the states and union territories and 12 members nominated by the President.