Test: General Awareness (Indian National Movement) - Software Development MCQ

The correct answer is March 1946.

Key Points

• The Cabinet Mission was sent to India in March 1946.
• The British government, recognizing the need for a political solution and the transfer of power in India, dispatched the Cabinet Mission as a last attempt to find a constitutional framework that would satisfy the demands of both the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League.
• The Cabinet Mission consisted of three British Cabinet ministers: Lord Pethick-Lawrence, Sir Stafford Cripps, and A.V. Alexander.
• Their objective was to propose a plan for the future governance of India and to facilitate negotiations between the Indian political leaders.
• The mission arrived in India on March 24, 1946, and held a series of discussions and consultations with various Indian leaders, including representatives from the Indian National Congress, the Muslim League, and other political groups.
• The mission aimed to find a formula that would accommodate the aspirations of both the Hindu and Muslim communities.
• The plan recommended the formation of a united Dominion of India with a federal structure. It proposed the establishment of a Constituent Assembly composed of Indian representatives to frame a new constitution for India.
• Despite the efforts of the Cabinet Mission, the plan was met with resistance and dissatisfaction from both the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League.
• The Congress accepted the idea of a united India but had reservations about certain aspects of the proposed federal structure.

• The Muslim League, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, rejected the plan as it did not fully meet its demand for a separate nation of Pakistan.

Therefore, the correct answer is March 1946.

The correct answer is Civil Disobedience Movement.

Key Points

• M. k. Gandhi on March 12, 1930, started March his from the Sabarmati Ashram with 78 people and reached Dandi coastal Gujarat on April 6, 1930.
• He broke the salt law by picking up a handful of salt at Dandi and announced the commencement of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• On March 12, 1930, Indian independence leader Mohandas Gandhi begins a defiant march to the sea in protest of the British salt monopoly.
• Britain’s Salt Acts prohibited Indians from collecting or selling salt, a staple in the Indian diet.
  • Citizens were forced to buy the vital mineral from the British.
• The Salt March was a 24-day Salt March, which was non-violent in nature.

Additional Information

The Correct Answer is ​Started dyarchy at provinces.
Key Points

• Government of India Act 1935 abolished dyarchy in the provinces and introduced ‘provincial autonomy’ in its place.
• The provinces were allowed to act as autonomous units of administration in their defined spheres.
• Moreover, the Act introduced responsible governments in provinces.

 Important Points

• Salient Features of the Government of India Act 1935:
  • Abolition of provincial dyarchy and introduction of dyarchy at the centre.
  • Abolition of Indian Council and introduction of an advisory body in its place.
  • Provided for the establishment of Federal Court to interpret the Act and adjudicate disputes relating to the federal matters.
  • Provision for an All India Federation with British India territories and princely states.
  • Elaborate safeguards and protective instruments for minorities.
  • The supremacy of British Parliament.
  • Increase in size of legislatures, an extension of the franchise, division of subjects into three lists, and retention of the communal electorate.
  • Separation of Burma from India

 Additional Information

• Government of India Act 1935 was passed by British Parliament in August 1935.
• lord willingdon was the viceroy of India when the Government of India Act 1935 was passed
• The act had 321 sections and 10 schedules and was the longest act passed by British Parliament so far.
• It was later split into two parts viz. Government of India Act 1935 and Government of Burma Act 1935.

• Bal Gangadhar Tilak, commonly known as Lokamanya Tilak was a leader of the Indian independence movement and belonged to the extremist faction.
• He was also called the ‘Father of Indian Unrest’.
• Tilak joined Congress in 1890.
• He was opposed to moderate ways and views and had a more radical and aggressive stance against British rule.
• He was one of the first advocates of Swaraj or self-rule. He gave the slogan, “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it.”
• With his electrifying slogan, “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it”  Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak  stirred the Indian people and breathed new life into our struggle for freedom.
•  He believed that no progress was possible without self-rule.
• He was part of the extremist faction of the INC and was a proponent of boycotts and Swadeshi movements.
• He published two papers – Kesari in Marathi and Mahratta in English and was fearless in his criticism of the government in these papers.

 Additional Information

 Famous Slogans by Indian Freedom Fighters:

The Communist Party of India was founded in: Kanpur.

Key PointsThe Communist Party of India (CPI) was officially established on December 26, 1925, at the first Party Conference in Kanpur, then Cawnpore.

• The foundation of the party was declared by a group of leaders who were inspired by the Great October Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in 1917.
• The objective of the CPI was to bring about socio-economic transformation in Indian society, particularly to achieve social justice for the working class and the peasants.
• Despite having splintered into various factions over the years, the CPI has remained at the forefront of left-wing politics in India and holds a significant influence over trade unions, student bodies, and peasant organizations.

The correct answer is Lord Mayo.

Key Points 

• In 1872, Lord Mayo, the Viceroy of India was assassinated at Port Blair by Sher Ali. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
• Sher Ali was given life imprisonment at the penal settlement in the Andaman Islands when he stabbed and killed Lord Mayo.
• In February 1872, Lord Mayo was on a vice-regal visit to the Province of British Burma, which, since the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852, had been administered by a Chief Commissioner as part of the East India Company's (EIC) domains headquartered in Calcutta.

Additional Information

• Lord Mayo (1869-1872)
  • Opening of the Rajkot College in Kathiawar and the Mayo College at Ajmer for political training of Indian princes.
  • Establishment of Statistical Survey of India.
  • Establishment of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce.
  • Introduction of state railways.

The correct answer is (i), (iii), and (iv) only.Key Points

• HSRA was founded by Ram Prasad Bismil and other important figures associated with HSRA are Chandrasekhar Azad, Ashfaqulla Khan, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar, and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Jatin das, Ajay Ghosh.
• Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) –  renamed in 1928 as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) –  a revolutionary organization that was set up in 1923.
• Revolutionaries like Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev were present at the meeting, held at the Feroz Shah Kotla ground in Delhi, during the establishment of the organization

Thus,  the leaders of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) were  Bhagat Singh, Jatin Das, and Ajoy Ghosh.

Additional Information

• Bhagat Singh was involved in two high-profile plots against British authorities in India that helped galvanize the Indian independence movement. In 1928 he took part in a plot to kill the police chief responsible for the death of influential Indian writer and politician Lala Lajpat Rai.
• Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian nationalist whose defiance of British authority in India made him a hero among Indians, but his wartime alliances with Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a legacy vexed by authoritarianism, anti-Semitism, and military failure.
• Rabindranath Tagore, the Noble laureate gave the title of 'Desh Nayak' to Subhash Chandra Bose in recognition of his service to the nation and its people.
• Jatin Das was an Indian independence activist and revolutionary who worked to make India independent from the British Raj and was a member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. He died in the Lahore Central Jail after a 63-day hunger strike.

The correct answer is 1907

Key Points

• The Surat session of the Indian National Congress concluded on 26 December 1907.
• Due to differences between the Naram dal and Garam dal, the Congress was split into two parts in this session.
• In the Lucknow session in 1916, the two parties, the Naram dal, and Garam dal, became one.
• The Surat session was presided over by Dr Rasbihari Bose in 1907.
• The Lucknow session was presided over by Ambika Charan Mazumdar in 1916

The correct answer is Lucknow

Key Points

• The All India Kisan Sabha was first formed in Lucknow in April 1936 during the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress.
• Although the organization had a strong presence in Maharashtra, it was not initially formed there.
• It is also known as 'Akhil Bhartiya Kisan Sabha'.
• Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was the head of the Sabha.
• It was a peasant movement of the Communist Party of India.
• The Kisan Sabha movement started in Bihar under the leadership of Sahajanand Saraswati.
• Leaders like Swami Sahajanand, N.G. Ranga, Indulal Yagnik, and many others became prominent in the mobilization of the peasantry.
• It later issued a Kisan manifesto which demanded the abolition of Zamindari and occupancy rights for all tenants.
• Under Pressure from its socialist members and leaders, the congress adopted an Agrarian Programme in December 1936.

The correct answer is Wavell.

• Wavell was not a member of the Cabinet Mission.
• The Cabinet Mission was a high-powered mission sent to India in February 1946 by the Atlee Government who was the British Prime Minister.
• The mission had three British cabinet members – Pethick Lawrence, Stafford Cripps, & and A.V. Alexander.

Additional Information

• The primary aim of the mission was to discuss the transfer of power from British to Indian leadership.
• The mission wanted to obtain an agreement with the Indian leaders as to the framing of a constitution for India.
• It wanted to establish an Executive Council with the support of the major Indian parties.
• It also aimed to formulate a constitution-making body.
• The mission proposed a complicated system for India with three tiers: the provinces, provincial groupings and the center. 
• The plan by Cabinet Mission was not welcomed by INC and the Muslim League.
• The Congress Party wanted a strong center with minimum powers for the provinces whereas the Muslim League wanted strong political safeguards for the Muslims like parity in the legislatures.