Test: General Awareness (General Science and Science & Technology) - Software Development MCQ

The correct answer is Virtual and erect.

Key Points

• A plane mirror is a mirror with a flat reflective surface.
  • For light rays striking a plane mirror, the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence.
  • The angle of the incidence is the angle between the incident ray and the surface normal.
  • The image formed by a plane mirror is always virtual and erect.​
  • The image formed by the plane mirror is virtual and erect i.e. image cannot be projected or focused on a screen.
  • The distance of the image 'behind' the mirror is the same as the distance of the object in front of the mirror.
  • The size of the image formed is the same as the size of the object.

Additional Information

• A convex mirror or diverging mirror is a curved mirror in which the reflective surface bulges towards the light source.
  • Convex mirrors reflect light outwards, therefore they are not used to focus light.
  • The image is smaller than the object but gets larger as the object approaches the mirror.
• A concave mirror is called a converging mirror because it converges the Ray of light incident parallels to the mirror into a point called the focus.

The correct answer is Dispersion.

Key Points

• When a beam of white light is made to fall on one refracting face of the prism, it splits into seven colours i.e. violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red (VIBGYOR) from the base.
• The phenomenon of the splitting of white light into its constituent colours is called dispersion of light.
• The pattern of colour components of light is called the spectrum of light.
• The red light bends the least, while the violet light bends the most. 
• ​The rainbow is an example of the dispersion of sunlight by the water drops in the atmosphere. 

The correct answer is Gamma Rays.

Key Points

• Gamma rays have the shortest wavelength and highest frequency (energy) in the electromagnetic spectrum.
• They are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths in the range of 10^-12m and frequencies around 10²⁰- 10²⁴ Hz.
• They have a high penetrating power.
• They are a result of decaying radioactive material and can also be found in outer space.
• They are used in medical applications for sterilisation of equipment and cancer treatment.

Additional Information

•  Other radiations in the Electromagnetic spectrum are:

The correct answer is Vitamin K.

Key Points

• Vitamin
  • Vitamin is an organic non-protein substance that is required by an organism for normal metabolic function but cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantity by that organism.
  • These can be divided into two categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble.
• ​Fat-Soluble vitamins​
  • Unlike water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body when they are not in use.
  • Vitamins A, D, and E and K are fat-soluble.
• ​Water-soluble vitamins​
  • Any excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins simply pass through the body
  • Vitamin B and Vitamin C are water-soluble.​

Additional Information

The correct answer is Vitamin D.

Key Points

• Vitamin is an organic non-protein substance that is required by an organism for normal metabolic function but cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantity by that organism.
• These can be divided into two categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble.

Fat-Soluble vitamins

• Fat-soluble vitamins are soluble in fats.
• They are absorbed by fat globules that travel through the small intestines and into the general blood circulation within the body.
• Unlike water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body when they are not in use.
• Vitamin A, D, and E K are fat-soluble.

Water-soluble vitamins

• Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water, which means these vitamins and nutrients dissolve quickly in the body.
• Unlike fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins are carried to the body’s tissues, but the body cannot store them.
• Any excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins simply pass through the body
• Vitamin B and Vitamin C are water-soluble.​

Additional Information

The correct answer is salt and water.

• A neutralization reaction is when an acid and a base react to form water and salt and involves the combination of H+ ions and OH- ions to generate water.
  • ​For example, hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium chloride salt and water. 
    • HCl + NaOH ⟶ NaCl + H_2​O

Important Points

• When a strong acid neutralizes a weak base, the resulting solution's pH will be less than 7.
• When a strong base neutralizes a weak acid, the resulting solution's pH will be greater than 7.

The correct answer is NaHCO3.

Key Points

• Chemically known as sodium bicarbonate, the formula of baking soda is NaHCO3.
• Baking soda is a white and crystalline salt that is made up of bicarbonate anion and sodium cation.

Additional Information

CONCEPT:

Galvanometer:

• A galvanometer is used for detecting current in an electric circuit.
• The galvanometer is the device used for detecting the presence of small currents and voltage or for measuring their magnitude.
• The galvanometer is mainly used in the bridges and potentiometer where they indicate the null deflection or zero current.
• The potentiometer is based on the premise that the current sustaining coil is kept between the magnetic field experiences a torque.

EXPLANATION:

• From the above, it is clear that the galvanometer is the instrument used for detecting the presence of electric current in a circuit. Therefore option 1^st is correct.

​Additional Information 

Mistake Point
Difference between Ammeter and Galvanometer:

• The ammeter shows only the magnitude of the current.
• The galvanometer shows both the direction and magnitude of the current.

The correct answer is Lichens.

Key Points

• Lichens, are formed from the combination of algae and Fungi.
• In this symbiotic relation- algae helps in the food and nutrient availability, and fungi in turn provides shelter to algae.

The correct answer is J. Robert Oppenheimer.

• J. Robert Oppenheimer was an American theoretical physicist who is regarded as the "father of the atomic bomb".
• Nikola Tesla was a Serbian-American inventor, best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current electricity supply system.​

Key Points