Test: HP TGT Psychology Mock - 10 - Software Development MCQ

Learning disability is a neurological disorder that impairs the ability to receive and process information. Today, more than ever, the need for instructors who are both capable and knowledgeable about teaching children with disabilities is critical.

Deductive learning is a more  teacher-centered approach to education. Introduction of Generalizations and concepts is firstly given to learners, and to support the learning examples and activities are suggested. Minimum interaction is there between teacher and student, and the teaching method which is generally used is the lecture method.

Features of the Deductive method are:

• General to particular or abstract to concrete.
• Facts are given to the child and the principle of growth is not considered.
• The formula is decided and children are made to memorize it without applying logic to it.
• Children are made to learn and a lot of emphasis is given to the rote learning process.
• It starts with a rule and the application part is more in it, does not appreciate or follow the principle of learning by doing.
• It requires individual learning and in this process, the child is inactive and is a one-way process.
• Less interaction between teacher and student, the student only listens but does not know why we are doing this or following this.

From the above points, we can conclude that all the above-mentioned properties are of the deductive method.

In accordance with Lev Vygotsky's ideas of cognitive development, a teacher should provide scaffold to students to reach their best potential.

The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 inserted Article 21-A in the Constitution of India to provide free and compulsory education of all children in the age group of six to fourteen years as a Fundamental Right.

Equilibration takes place when a child strikes balance between the two processes while trying to internalise the perceived object.

Equilibration: The process of striking a balance between accommodation and assimilation. On the other hand, When the child strikes a balance between the two processes while trying to internalize the perceived object, adaptation (a relatively stable structure) takes place.

Predicting, Questioning, Clarifying and Summarizing are the components of reciprocal teaching activity.

Ability to monitor, evaluate and modify one's own thought process is called Metacognition.

Zoltan P. Dienes is associated with the development of concrete materials for teaching and learning of mathematical concepts for primary school children. He is best known for developing multibase arithmetic blocks.

Motivation to learn can be sustained by focusing on mastery-oriented goals. As teachers, we are deeply concerned about classroom learning. Your understanding of classroom motivation would enhance the probability of students' learning better.

Thinking is a pattern of behaviour in which we make use of internal representations (symbols, signs, etc.) of things and events for the solution of some specific, purposeful problem.

Characteristics of thinking are:

• It is one of the most important aspects of one's cognitive behaviour.
• It depends on both – perception and memory.
• It involves trial and error; analysis and synthesis; foresight and hindsight.
• It is a symbolic behaviour.
• It is always directed to achieve some purpose.
• Thinking is a symbolic activity.  (e.g.:  engineers use mental symbols to design the plan for buildings).
• Thinking is a mental process that starts with a problem and concludes with its solution.
• There is mental exploration instead of motor exploration.

So, we can conclude that all of the above is true.

For learning to be effective and meaningful, it is important to establish connections between learning in school and life outside school.

Inclusive-education values the diversity, each child brings to the classroom and facilitates all with equal opportunities to learn and grow.

Inclusive education improves the quality and makes provisions of education for all. It welcomes and celebrates diversity.

It provides a provision to include disabled children along with normal children in a regular classroom environment.

It refers to an education system that accommodates all children regardless of their physical, intellectual, social, emotional, linguistic, or other conditions.

At 4 – 5 years of age, a male child develops a deeper attachment to his mother, known as the Oedipus complex, than to his father.

Psychological stages of development:

• Stage I: Oral Stage (birth to 18 months)
• Stage II: Anal Stage (18 months to three years)
• Stage III: Phallic Stage (three to five years)
• Stage IV: Latency Stage (six to twelve years)
• Stage V: Genital Stage (thirteen years to adulthood)

Moral development is one’s ability to take decision about right and wrong.

Moral development is the process through which children develop proper attitudes and behaviors toward other people in society, based on social and cultural norms, rules, and laws.

A teacher gives assignments which requires students to get into discussion with significant others in the family. As per Lev Vygotsky's theory, she believes that social interactions plays a significant role in cognitive development of children.

Encouraging maximum participation of students in the classroom. Help students set goals based on their interest. Giving freedom to students for expressing their ideas

The field theory of learning in children, in which the learner perceives and responds to the whole situation, comes under Kohler's theory of understanding.

The associative theory of learning in children is described on the basis of stimulus response. In this, a relationship is established between the stimulus response. It is also called stimulus response or S-R principle.

(A) is true but (R) is false.

Students who can effectively express their thoughts show Linguistic intelligence.

Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences. According to him, intelligence is not a single entity; rather distinct types of intelligence exist. Each of this intelligence is independent of each other. Gardner also put forth that different types of intelligence interact and work together to find a solution to a problem. Gardner studied extremely talented persons, who had shown exceptional abilities in their respective areas. 

Emotional intelligence (otherwise known as emotional quotient or EQ):

• It is the ability to understand, use, and manage your own emotions in positive ways to relieve stress, communicate effectively, empathize with others, overcome challenges, and defuse conflict.
• Emotional intelligence helps you build stronger relationships, succeed at school and work, and achieve your career and personal goals.
• It can also help you to connect with your feelings, turn intention into action, and make informed decisions about what matters most to you.

The number factors of 'primary mental ability' enables the individual to do numerical calculations rapidly and accurately.

Thurstone has given the following seven primary factors:

• The Number Factor (N) refers to the ability to do rapid and accurate numerical calculations.
• The Verbal Factor (V) refers to the ability of verbal comprehension.
• The Space Factor (S) is involved in a task requiring the manipulation of the imaginary objects in space.
• Memory (M) involves the ability to memorize quickly.
• Word Fluency (W) refers to the ability to think of isolated words at a rapid rate.
• Reasoning (R) refers to the ability to discover a rule or principle involved in a series or groups of letters.
• Perceptual Speed (P) is the ability to note visual details rapidly.

Both (A)and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Creativity is more skill than inborn talent, an ability which both parents and teachers can facilitate among the kids by giving an outlet. It is a common misconception that creativity is an inborn talent, which means, either the kids have it or they don’t. But it isn’t true.

Ways to Encourage Creative Thinking in Children:

• Make Children Question Things
• Provide Opportunities to Express Their Intelligence
• Teach Them Multiple Ways to Solve Every Problem
• Trigger Their Curiosity
• Engage Them With Activity Boxes
• Encourage Children to Read for Pleasure
• Give Them Free Time & Space
• Avoid Rewarding Children for Exhibiting Creativity

So, from the above points it is clear that creativity among children can be facilitated by encouraging exploration.

EVS The method of teaching-learning process does not depend on the philosophy of the school.

The emotional aspect of the learning process in schools should be taken into account as emotions are not separate from cognition and play an important role in learning. So (A) and (R) both are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

The theory of classical conditioning was propounded by I.V. Paulov in 1904. According to this theory, a response to a natural stimulus that is similar to a natural stimulus is classical conditioning, that is, the establishment of an association between the stimulus and the response is conditioning. Before understanding classical conditioning, it is necessary to know that there are other functions in human beings, some are innate like breathing, digestion etc and some are for psychological reasons like blinking, salivation etc.

Difference in the development of a child's attitude depends on the home environment.

Factors that Influence Attitude Formation:

Family and School Environment:

• Particularly in the early years of life, parents and other family members play a significant role in shaping attitude formation.
• Later, the school environment becomes an important background for attitude formation.

Reference Groups:

• Reference groups indicate to an individual the norms regarding acceptable behavior and ways of thinking. Thus, they reflect learning of attitudes through group or cultural norms.
• bMany attitudes are formed, not in the family environment or through reference groups, but through direct personal experiences which bring about a drastic change in our attitude towards people and our own life.

Media-related Influences:

• Technological advances in recent times have made audio-visual media and the Internet very powerful sources of information that lead to attitude formation and change.

Availability of resources is not a teacher related factor affecting teaching. 

Availability of resources is like a bonus feature which will help in teaching but not a factor which affects teaching.

A teacher should encourage her students to understand and process meaning of content being taught.

Factors such as rigid curriculum hinders children's success in school.

Convergent thinking is not the identifying characteristic of the 'creative' student.