Test: HP TGT Arts General Awareness and EVS Mock - 5 - Software Development MCQ

At 6,816 m, Reo Purgyil is the highest mountain peak in the state of Himachal Pradesh and is located in the Kinnaur district.

Reo Purgyil, sometimes known as Leo Pargial and Leo Pargil, is a mountain peak at the southern end of the Zanskar Range in the Western Himalaya. It is located at the border between Himachal Pradesh and Tibet.

Primary consumers are the animals that feed on primary producers. They make the second trophic level of the energy pyramid and are consumed by secondary and tertiary consumers. Green plants, cows, goats, herbivorous birds, zooplankton, etc. are some examples of primary consumers.

Secondary consumers are animals that feed on primary consumers. They also make the third trophic level of the energy pyramid. Humans are a good example of secondary consumers. Secondary consumers can be either carnivores or omnivores. Other examples are dogs, cats, etc.

The Environment (Protection) Act is applicable to the whole of India including Jammu & Kashmir. It came into force on November 19, 1986. The environment protection act was enacted under article 253 of the constitution. It was enacted with the main objective to provide the protection and improvement of the environment.

Pabuchi, Pandavani and Bhatakshari represent the mural painting. Paintings made on the walls of caves and palaces are called murals. The earliest evidence of murals are the beautiful frescoes painted on the caves of Ajanta and Ellora, which are also on the caves of Bagh and at Sitanavasal.

In 1815 AD, the Treaty of Sugauli was signed between the Gurkhas and the British.

It was an agreement between the Gorkha chiefs of Nepal and the British Indian government that ended the Anglo-Nepalese (Gurkha) War (1814–16).

By the treaty, Nepal renounced all claims to the disputed Tarai, or lowland country, and ceded its conquests west of the Kali River and extending to the Sutlej River.

Nepal remained independent, but it received a British resident with the status of an ambassador to an independent country rather than of the controlling agent of the supreme government in an Indian state.

The Treaty of Sugauli defined Gandak as the international boundary between India and Nepal.

When the treaty was signed, Susta was on the right bank of the river Gandak which falls under Nepal's territorial control. But, in due course of time, the river has changed its course and Susta now falls on the left bank of the Gandak, which is controlled by India.

The Meeting of BRICS Communications Ministers was held in virtual mode on July under the presidency of China.

Minister of Railways, Communications, Electronics and Information Technology Ashwini Vaishnav, participated in the meeting. The Ministers decided to work in the field of ICTs in areas identified at the BRICS Summit. The Ministers also adopted a Declaration.

Additional Information:

BRICS:

BRICS is a grouping of five major emerging economies - Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.

Since , the governments of the BRICS states have met annually at formal summits.

India hosted the most recent BRICS summit on September virtually.

Originally the first four were grouped as "BRIC" before the induction of South Africa in

Environmental studies is an interdisciplinary subject examining the interplay between the social, legal, management, and scientific aspects of environmental issues.

According to NCF-2005 objectives of teaching activities in evs classes:

• To develop an awareness about an environmental issue.
• To nurture curiosity and creativity.
• Development of the right attitudes and values.
• Develop psychomotor skills of students.
• Develop aesthetic sensibility of the students.
• Provide opportunities to the students to explore and observe.
• To enhance children's learning capabilities by providing a concrete learning experience.
• To help children to explore and connect to their surroundings.

So, we conclude Develop the psychomotor skills of students, Developing the aesthetic sensibility of the students, Provide opportunities for the students to explore and observe is the objective of teaching EVS as per NCF-2005.

Bhutan is the world's first and only carbon-negative country.

The government of Bhutan has a history of basing political decisions on a Gross National Happiness (GNH) index and abandoning economic growth as its compass. It's the only country in the world to make such a switch and the first country to become carbon negative. The country emits around 1.5 million tons of carbon annually, its forests can absorb over 6 million tonnes.

Bhuri Singh Meseum is at Chamba.

Bhuri Singh Museum in Chamba occupies a prominent place among the leading historical and cultural museums due to the high value of collection presented and constant activity in spheres of research, exhibitions and cultural education.

Indian Navy's multilateral exercise Milan-2022 was organized from February 25, 2022, in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

It was conducted over a duration of nine days in two phases with the harbour phase scheduled from February 25 and the Sea Phase from March 1 to March 4.

The theme of the exercise is 'Camaraderie - Cohesion - Collaboration'.

More than 40 countries are participating.

The main purpose behind bringing Panchayati Raj system in India was decentralization of the political power and power distribution to common people.

The basic ideology for the formation of Panchayati Raj was to spread political awareness in local and rural areas.  Basically, Panchayati Raj is the political system of the rural areas of India. The basic ideology for the formation of Panchayati Raj was to spread political awareness in local and rural areas. Basically, Panchayati Raj is the political system of the rural areas of India.

Jaisalmer city of Rajasthan is famous for its yellow stone business.

The town of Jaisalmer has been built to the East and the North of the famous Jaisalmer fort which crowns the city. Jaisalmer is also called the ‘Golden City’ because the Yellowstone is the most common material one can find in the architecture of this city. The yellow golden sand gives a golden shadow to the city and its neighboring areas. The peculiar yellow stone found in Jaisalmer is world-famous for its art, cultural and historical heritage. It has been used in the Sonar fort and many other historical monuments.

Kangra, Kullu, and Lahaul-Spiti were subordinated by the British in 1846 A.D.

At the end of the First Sikh war by the treaty of 9 March 1846, the hill country between the Satluj and Indus was ceded to the British Government. 

The portion between the Satluj and the Ravi, including Lahaul, finally remained British territory, the rest being sold to Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu by another treaty concluded on 16 March 1846,at Amritsar. Kullu including Lahaul was then placed in charge of an Assistant Commissioner as part of the newly formed district of Kangra. At the same time, Spiti was disjoined from Ladakh and annexed to Kullu.

The boundary between Lahaul & Chamba was marked by the nullahs of Chukam on the write and Nalda on the left bank of the Chandrabhaga, and between Lahaul and Ladakh by Baralacha range, This part was given the name of British Lahaul and the other part lying below Thirot was known as Chamba Lahaul.

The two parts were eventually united in 1975. The British hardly ever fought for territory, instead, they conquered by stealth, taking piece by piece through negotiations.

After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the Sikhs also became comparatively weaker, while British influence increased.

In the treaty of March 9, 1846, Gulab Singh, the Dogra Raja of Jammu was recognized as an independent ruler by both Sikhs and the British.

The Sikhs were forced to cede the territory between the rivers Byasa and Sindh to the British including Kashmir and Hazara. The British in turn transferred them to Gulab Singh for the sum of 10 million rupees.

'It provides funding to research projects in science as well as non-science disciplines' statement about National Research Foundation (NRF), proposed in National Education Policy (2020) is correct.

The primary activities of the NRF will be to:

• Fund competitive, peer-reviewed grant proposals of all types and across all disciplines. (It will fund research projects across four major disciplines –Sciences; Technology; Social Sciences; and Arts and Humanities).
• Seed, grow, and facilitate research at academic institutions, particularly at universities and colleges where research is currently in a nascent stage, through mentoring of such institutions;
• Act as a liaison between researchers and relevant branches of government as well as industry, so that research scholars are constantly made aware of the most urgent national research issues, and so that policymakers are constantly made aware of the latest research breakthroughs; so as to allow breakthroughs to be optimally brought into policy and/or implementation and recognize outstanding research and progress.
• In the budget 2021-22, NRF has been allocated 50,000 crores over the next 5 years.

• After Independence Himachal Pradesh was made into a centrally administered territory in 1948 with the integration of 31 hill provinces.
• Himachal Pradesh was called the Chief Commissioner's province of Himachal Pradesh which came into existence on 15 April 1948.
• Himachal Pradesh became a part C state in September 1951 with the implementation of the Constitution of India.
• The first elections to the Assembly were held in 1952.
• The Indian National Congress won 24 seats in the state election.
• The Indian National Congress form a government under Yashwant Singh Parmar in the state. 
• Yashwant Singh Parmar became the first chief minister of Himachal Pradesh. 

The Panchayati Raj System is described in Part IX of the Indian Constitution. Rajasthan is the first state where this system was first implemented in in the Nagaur district. Later, it also became the first state to have this system placed in all the districts of the state. The Amendment is associated with this system in India.

The ionosphere is the layer of the atmosphere that makes Radio Communication possible. The Ionosphere deflects radio waves making communication over longer distances possible.

The ionosphere is the ionized part of Earth's upper atmosphere, from about 48 km (30 mi) to 965 km (600 mi) altitude, a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The ionosphere is ionized by solar radiation. 

The Capital of Lebanon is Beirut.

The Congress government of 1937 AD had assured to improve agriculture during the election campaign.

The syllabus for Classes III-V is woven around six common themes given below;  the predominant theme on ‘Family and Friends’ encompasses four sub-themes:

1. Family and Friends:
      4 sub-theme of Family and Friends

• Relationships                                       
• Work and Play
• Animals
• Plants

2. Food
3. Shelter
4. Water
5. Travel
6. Things We Make and Do 

So, we conclude that the 'Things We Make and Do' is one of the six themes in the EVS curriculum as per NCF 2005.

Out of total 55,673 square kilometers geographical area of HP, about 23,655 square kilometers of area falls in Scheduled V area, which constitutes 42.49 percent of the total area of the state.

The total population living in the Scheduled Area is 173,661 of which 123,585 are tribals which constitute nearly per cent of the total population living in this area.

An EVS classroom should be a child centered and happy classroom where children get opportunities to:

• observe, explore, ask question, do activities, share experiences during the learning process;
• conduct a variety of activities ranging from cognitive (head), affective (heart/emotions) and conative (hands/ manipulative);
• construct their own knowledge by using their own experiences and a variety of learning resources inside and outside the classroom;
• work individually, in small and large groups, as per the needs of the children as children learn more through interaction;
• reflect on their own work and also on the work of the peer group/ others' work;
• learn to appreciate others' work and learn to respect others' point of view.

The total duration of a hockey match as of April 2022 is 60 minutes. or 3 periods of 20 minutes. If the score is tied after sixty minutes, the game will extend to a 5-minute overtime followed by a shootout.

Due to salinity, plants are not able to draw as much water from the soil. When the soil salinity levels are high enough, the water in the roots is pulled back into the soil. The plants are not able to take in enough water to grow.

Salt-affected soils can be corrected by:

• Improving drainage: In soils with poor drainage, deep tillage can be used to break up the soil surface as well as claypans and hardpans, which are layers of clay or other hard soils that restrict the downward flow of water. Tilling helps the water move downward through the soil. 
• Leaching: Leaching can be used to reduce the salts in soils. Adding enough low-salt water to the soil surface to dissolve the salts and move them below the root zone. The water must be relatively free of salts (1,500 – 2,000 ppm total salts), particularly sodium salts. A water test can determine the level of salts in your water. 
• Reducing evaporation: Applying residue or mulch to the soil can help lower evaporation rates. As an increase in evaporation increases salinity. 
• Applying chemical treatments: Before leaching saline-sodic and sodic soils, treating them with chemicals, to reduce the exchangeable sodium content reduces salinity. Gypsum is the most commonly used to correct saline-sodic or sodic soils. 

The Great Himalayan National Park is located in the Kullu region in the state of Himachal Pradesh. 

The park was established in 1984 and is spread over an area of 1171 km²; altitudes within the park range between 1500 and 6000 m. The Great Himalayan National Park is a habitat to numerous flora and more than 375 fauna species, including approximately 31 mammals, 181 birds, 3 reptiles, 9 amphibians, 11 annelids, 17 mollusks, and 127 insects. They are protected under the strict guidelines of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972; So any sort of hunting is not permitted.

Social boycott of landlords and talukdars was done under the 'Barber-Dhobi Bandh' movement. This movement was launched by farmers in Pratapgarh district of Uttar Pradesh.

Environmental Studies is a multidimensional subject that covers important principles from various academic fields. It is a broad field that studies the basic principles of EVS as well as associated subjects such as social science, science, language, mathematics, etc. EVS emphasizes the following points:

• The contents of EVS are organized thematically. Topics of both social studies and science are integrated because at the primary level students are not matured enough to study 'heavy' subjects like science and social science. Also, the reduced curriculum makes learning meaningful at primary stage.
• Provides scope for children’s expressions–oral and written and other creative expressions, etc.
• Children learn about their environment through exploring and experiencing it, gathering and analysing information based on their observations and experiences, and constructing their own knowledge, enriching and enhancing it.
• Learning is planned to progress from what the child already knows, to what is to be learnt, from local to global, or from the immediate environment to community and society and beyond.
• Chapters begin with key questions initiating children into thinking and constructing their own knowledge.

So, we conclude that the integrated nature of EVS helps to ​reduce curriculum load and help children to learn meaningfully.

Iranian human rights activist Nargess Mohammadi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2023 for her fight against women in Iran to promote human rights and freedoms. 

The Assam government is initiating the fifth edition of 'Gunotsav 2024,' a state-wide assessment to evaluate around 40 lakh students in government schools, aiming to enhance education quality and improve learning outcomes in the state.