CSIR NET Life Sciences Mock Test - 4 - CSIR NET Life Science MCQ

Given:

A sum of money doubled in 8 years.

Formula:

SI

Calculation:

Let the rate of interest be r% and Principal be p

So, Amount in 8 years = 2p

Amount = Principal + Simple Interest

2p = p + Simple Interest

Simple Interest = 2p - p

= p

According to the question 

SI

⇒ r = 12.5%

Let it becomes three times in t years

When it becomes three times then interest is 2P

⇒ t = 16 years

∴ It becomes three times in 16 years. 

Six persons: Abhishek, Anika, Joy, Karan, Tanvi and Tanya

1) Tanya lives on the uppermost odd-numbered floor, just above Karan.

2) Two people live between Anika and Karan.

3) Three people are living between Abhishek and Tanvi

This means that Joy is living on the remaining floor numbered 3

4) Abhishek lives above Joy

Thus, the final arrangement is:

Thus, Tanvi is living just below Joy.

Six persons: Abhishek, Anika, Joy, Karan, Tanvi and Tanya
1) Tanya lives on the uppermost odd-numbered floor, just above Karan.

2) Two people live between Anika and Karan.

3) Three people are living between Abhishek and Tanvi

This means that Joy is living on the remaining floor numbered 3

4) Abhishek lives above Joy

Thus, the final arrangement is:

Thus, Anika is living on floor 1.

Let the principal amount = Rs. 100x

Rate of interest =r%

Time period = 2 years

Simple Interest

Compound Interest 

Given:

5th day of a month is Wednesday.

And,

2nd day after the 20th day of that month → 22nd day of month

We know that,

5th day is Wednesday and after 7 days also comes Wednesday

So,

5th day of month + 7 days = 12th day of month → Wednesday

12th day of month + 7 days = 19th day of month → Wednesday

So, next days

20th day of month → Thursday

21st day of month → Friday

22nd day of month → Saturday

So, 2nd day after the 20th day of that month is “Saturday”.

Given 21st of July was Saturday.

We know on every 7 days will be the same day as given.

21 - 7 = 14th July will Saturday.

Similarly,

14 - 7 = 7th July will be also the Saturday.

7 - 3 = 4th day will be Saturday - 3 = Wednesday

Interspecific competition is the competition between the individuals of two separate species for sharing the same resources in the same area. An example is tigers and lions living in the same area competing for the same prey.

Plant breeding programmes are carried out in a systematic way worldwide in government institutions and commercial companies. With advancements in genetics, molecular biology and tissue culture, plant breeding is now increasingly being carried out by using molecular genetic tools.

The father and mother have a genotype of I^Ai × I^Bi.

• ii - The blood group is O(child).
• To have a child with an O blood group, both parents should have at least one copy of i allele.
• So the parents are heterozygous.
• I^Bi - The blood group of the father.
• I^Ai - The blood group of the mother.

'Species diversity, biomass increase' statement is incorrect regarding ecological succession.

Ecological succession is the gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. Nothing remains the same and habitats are constantly changing. In the ecological succession the biomass overall decreases. There are two main types of succession, primary and secondary.

Aneuploidy involves changes in chromosome number by additions or deletions of less than a whole set. In this case organism gains or loses one or more chromosomes but not a complete set.

A genetic condition where someone has either too many or two few chromosomes is called aneuploidy (AN-yoo-ploy-dee). A complete set of genetic information includes 23 pairs of chromosomes, which adds up to 46 chromosomes total. This number includes 22 pairs of autosomes, and one pair of sex chromosomes.

Eliminate all disease is not an aim of human genome project.

Human genome project (HGP) was an international project based on sequencing the entire genome of human (3.3 billion base pairs). This project was successfully completed in 2003.

The HGP accelerated the growth of bioinformatics, a vast field of study. The successful sequencing of the human genome could solve the mystery of many human disorders. It does not eliminate all the diseases, but provide us with a way to cope with them.

The main aims of Human Genome Project are:

• Data analysis optimization.
• The whole genome is being sequenced.
• Identification of the entire human genome.
• Building genome sequence databases to store the data.
• Taking care of any legal, ethical, or social issues that might be raised during project.

The Earth has formed about 4.5 billion years ago in the solar system of the Milky Way galaxy. Life on Earth appeared about 4 billion years ago, which was 500 million years after the formation of Earth. But there has been a lot of speculation about how the first forms of life originated.

One of the theories regarding the origin of life was given by Oparin and Haldane.

They suggested the following:

• The first forms of life originated from pre-existing non-living organic molecules.
• This meant that chemical evolution preceded biological evolution or the formation of life.
• Chemical evolution - refers to the formation of diverse organic molecules from the existing inorganic molecules.

• This theory of chemical evolution was first established by Miller's experiment in 1953.

During the early years of the formation of Earth, the climatic conditions were quite different from what it is in the present. Therefore, such conditions had to be created in the laboratory such as - high temperature, volcanic storms, and reducing atmosphere with methane (CH₄) and ammonia (NH₃). To mimic the conditions, electric discharge was produced in a closed flask that contained CH₄, NH₃, H₂, and water vapour at 800°C. The formation of amino acids (organic molecules) were observed from this experiment, which supported the theory of chemical evolution. The formation of other organic molecules like sugars, nitrogenous bases, pigments, and fats were also observed later by similar experiments. Chemical evolution was also established by the analysis of meteorite contents which showed similar compounds as the experiments. This showed that similar processes were happening elsewhere in space.

Louis Pasteur - Suggested that life originates from pre-existing life only.

S. L. Miller - Performed an experiment to establish the theory of chemical evolution.

Darwin and Wallace - Both worked on the theory of natural selection.

Hugo de Vries - Proposed the mutation theory of evolution.

Porifera commonly called sponges are mainly found in marine habitats.

Porifera bodies are asymmetrical. Body shape can be cylindrical, vase-like, rounded, or sac-like. They are diploblastic animals with two layers, the outer dermal layer, and the inner gastral layer. There is a gelatinous, non-cellular mesoglea, in between these two layers.

The formation of secondary cell wall around tracheids and vessels is an example of differentiation. Development is the overall changes occurring in the life cycle of an organism. Dedifferentiation is regaining the lost capacity of cells or tissues of plants to divide under special conditions. Redifferentiation is the further maturation of dedifferentiated cells thereby specializing for a particular function.

In humans, the excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, one pair of ureters, a urinary bladder, and urethra. Kidneys are reddish-brown and bean-shaped structures.

Classification of organisms as oxygenic or anoxygenic during photosynthesis is based on the generation of oxygen. 

Photosynthetic organisms are classified on the basis of generation of oxygen during photosynthesis, it may be oxygenic or anoxygenic. Oxygenic organisms include both prokaryotes and eukaryotes while anoxygenic organisms are only prokaryotes. 

There is a hinge in the centre between heavy chains to allow flexibility to the protein. The first 110 or so amino acids of the amino-terminal region of a light or heavy chain varies greatly among antibodies of different specificity. There are Two light chains – Containing around 220 amino acids. Two heavy chains – Containing around 440 amino acids.

The width of the basilar membrane from the oval window in the cochlea that resonates at various sound frequencies is inversely proportional to sound frequency. Since if it is of low frequency it resonates basilar membrane at the terminus.

Animals that consume both plant and animal matter are referred as omnivores.

• An omnivore is an organism that regularly consumes a variety of material, including plants, animals, algae, and fungi.
• They range in size from tiny insects like ants to large creatures like people.
• Autotrophs are called producers, because they produce their own food.
• Herbivores, carnivores and omnivores are consumers.
• Herbivores are primary consumers.
• Carnivores and omnivores are secondary consumers.

Convention on Biological Diversity is one of the actions taken against biopiracy. It was established in 1993. It establishes sovereign national rights over biological sources and commits the countries which are the members to conserve them.

In the spinal cord, the stem cells are present along central canal.

The central canal, also referred to as the spinal foramen or ependymal canal, extends from the conus medullaris in the lumbar spine to the caudal angle of the fourth ventricle and is lined by a single layer of columnar ependymal cells.

The G1 phase of interphase includes synthesis of various proteins, duplication of organelles, synthesis of various enzymes etc as a preparation for the synthesis phase and cell division. Therefore, it is metabolically very active but DNA replication does not take place in this phase, it occurs in the S phase of interphase.

Adaptive radiation are also called asDivergent evolution.

Adaptive radiation is a concept in evolutionary biology where the number of species with a common ancestor increase rapidly however they are characterised by great morphological and ecological variations.

The digesting enzymes are found in lysosomes. When lysosomes rupture, digestive enzymes are released, which begin digesting the body’s own cells. That’s why they’re referred to as suicidal bags.

Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers—proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Lysosomes function as the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself.

The term ‘Founder effect’, in population genetics, is used to indicate reduced genetic variation as compared to the original population.

The term "founder effect" refers to the observation when a small group of individuals breaks off from a larger population and establishes a new population.

• The particular alleles may not be representative of the larger population.
• As the new population grows, the allele frequencies will usually continue to reflect the original small group.

A founder effect occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the original population.

This small population size means that the colony may have:

• Reduced genetic variation from the original population.
• A non-random sample of the genes in the original population.

Profilin binds to G-actin on the site opposite the nucleotide-binding cleft. Cofilin binds specifically to the ADP containing F-actin and destabilizes the actin filament. is true.
Buffers with ATP and low levels of cations, as when ATP is bound to Gactin the nucleotide affects the conformation of molecules and without a bound nucleotide  G- actin denatures very quickly and secondly, the addition of cation like Mg+2 Na+, K+ to a solution of G-actin induce polymerization and forms F-actin and process reverse when we lower the ion. 

Exons are the part of nascent RNA that are connected together to form RNA after the removal of introns by the splicosome. The splicosome in the complex formed in the nucleus with nascent RNA being the substrate for the formation of mature RNA after its splicing and other post transcriptional mechanisms.

Kranz anatomy is a special structure in the leaves of plants that have a C₄ pathway of carbon dioxide fixation. The leaves contain a ring of mesophyll cells, containing a few small chloroplasts concerned with the initial fixing of carbon dioxide, surrounding a sheath of parenchyma cells (the bundle sheath) which has large chloroplasts involved in the Calvin cycle. Bundle sheath cells, contains starch-rich chloroplasts (agranal) lacking grana in a large amount. These bundle sheath cells have no inter cellular spaces.

A DNA sequencing reaction was performed with the fragment 5−XXXGCGATCGYYYY−3′ as the template, dideoxy GTP, all the four dNTPs, and the required primers and enzyme. XXXX and YYYY in the given DNA fragment represent primer binding sites. The set of fragments obtained during the reaction will be CGATCGC, because if primer is attache to the XXXX binding site it polymerization starts and its complimentary fragment is CGATCGC.