CSIR NET Life Sciences Mock Test - 6 - CSIR NET Life Science MCQ

Given:

A fair had an entry fee of Rs. 1000.

It got reduced by 25% which in turn increased the total amount received by 20%.

Calculation:

The fee is Rs 1000.

The original number of visitors = 1000

New number of visitors

Increase

According to the given information:

From the above figure, the theatre is in the South-West direction from Mohan’s starting point.

Invalid votes = 20% of the total votes

Arvind won by 480 votes.

And Arvind got 20% more votes than Manoj.

Let total votes be x.

Invalid votes = 20% of x = 0.2x

Valid votes = x – 0.2x = 0.8x

Arvind and Manoj gets 0.8x votes.

Arvind got 20% more votes than Manoj.

⇒ Arvind gets 60% of valid votes and Manoj gets 40% of valid votes.

⇒ Votes received by Arvind  = 0.48x

⇒ Votes received by Manoj = 0.8x – 0.48x = 0.32x

Votes of Arvind – Votes of Manoj = 480

⇒ 0.48x – 0.32x = 480 ⇒ x = 3000

Given,

Length of diagonal  = 3.8 m

Area of the square  
= 7.22 m²

Sensory organs are considered as the “window of the brain”. 

When external stimuli contacted with sensory receptors, it sends signals to the brain in the form of nerve impulse which results in the sensation.

The kozak consensus sequence, Kozak consensus of Kozak sequence is a sequence which occurs on eukaryotic in RNA and has the consensus (gec) gee Rec AVGG. The Kozak eonsensus sequence plays a major role in the initiation of translation process.

A Vulnerable species is a species of animals or plants which are likely to become endangered unless something changes. The Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros are listed as one of the vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Poaching of horns is an important reason for the decline in the number.

In genetics, a single-nucleotide polymorphism is a germline substitution of a single nucleotide at a specific position in the genome. Although certain definitions require the substitution to be present in a sufficiently large fraction of the population (e.g. 1% or more), many publications do not apply such a frequency threshold.

For example, at a specific base position in the human genome, the G nucleotide may appear in most individuals, but in a minority of individuals, the position is occupied by an A. This means that there is an SNP at this specific position, and the two possible nucleotide variations – G or A – are said to be the alleles for this specific position.

An SSLP is a type of polymorphism: a difference in DNA sequence between individuals. SSLPs are repeated sequences over varying base lengths in intergenic regions of DNA.

In molecular biology, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is a technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences, known as polymorphisms, in order to distinguish individuals, populations, or species or to pinpoint the locations of genes within a sequence.

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a PCR-based technique that uses selective amplification of a subset of digested DNA fragments to generate and compare unique fingerprints for genomes of interest.

GnRH is a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, which is responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

The lens and the retina of the vertebrate eye are developed from ectoderm only.

The eye is the photosensitive organ. A transparent, ectodermal, biconvex lens is present. The retina is a thin layer that lines the back of the eye on the inside. Ectoderm developed part of eyes are following- retina, lens, iris and optic nerves.

From the ectoderm of the embryo, the nervous tissue develops. 

Nervous Tissue: Nervous tissue makes up the central nervous system & other peripherals' in our body. From the ectoderm of the embryo, the nervous tissue develops. It reflects the ability to transmit & initiate nerve impulses.

Components of Nervous Tissue: There are three main components of nervous tissue which are as follows:

Neurons: These are the functional & structural units of the nervous system. It comprises a cell body, dendrites & axons.

Neuroglia: These special cells are found in the spinal cord & brain. They provide support to the fibers & the neurons.

Neurosecretory Cells: These cells function as endocrine organs in our body. Neurosecretory Cells release the chemical from the axons & put it directly into the blood.

Limbs and digits, along with external genitalia, are formed during the first trimester. This is a period of 12 weeks after pregnancy.

Pseudostratified epithelium makes up the Lining of the trachea.

Pseudostratified epithelium is a single cell layer specially the goblet cells. The Goblet cells are one to produce moisty fluid called mucus that attracts germs entering into the organ and thus purifies the tract. Also, it has ciliary muscles that perform a lashing movement making passage of air even easier through the Trachea. Since it is concerned with providing protection to the organ.

DNA is a linear molecule made up of four different types of nucleotide bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) (T). The DNA sequence is the order in which these bases appear. Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percent of those bases are the same in all people.

Diffusion is a passive process and it doesn’t require energy in the form of ATP. Temperature, Pressure and Concentration gradient do affect the rate of diffusion to varying degrees.

Diffusion is a result of the random movement of particles, hence there is a gross flow of matter from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. A good example of this is the dispersing of air particles by perfume is sprayed, permeating the still air of a room.

The measure of DNA display in the genome of animal varieties is known as a C-value, which is characteristics of every species.

C-value is the amount, in picograms, of DNA contained within a haploid nucleus (e.g. a gamete) or one half the amount in a diploid somatic cell of a eukaryotic organism. 

Phytoremediation is a bioremediation process that uses various types of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, and/or destroy contaminants in the soil and groundwater.

There are several different types of phytoremediation mechanisms:

Rhizosphere biodegradation: In this process, the plant releases natural substances through its roots, supplying nutrients to microorganisms in the soil.

Phyto-stabilization: In this process, chemical compounds produced by the plant immobilize contaminants, rather than degrade them.

Phyto-accumulation: In this process, plant roots sorb the contaminants along with other nutrients and water. 

Rhizofiltration:  It is similar to Phyto-accumulation, but the plants used for cleanup are raised in greenhouses with their roots in water

Phyto-volatilization: In this process, plants take up water containing organic contaminants and release the contaminants into the air through their leaves.

Phyto-degradation: In this process, plants actually metabolize and destroy contaminants within plant tissues.

Hydraulic Control: In this process, trees indirectly remediate by controlling groundwater movement.

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) are proteins capable of recognizing molecules frequently found in pathogens (the so-called pathogen-associated Molecular Patterns—PAMPs), or molecules released by damaged cells (the Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns—DAMPs). Endocytic pattern-recognition receptors are found on the surface of phagocytes and promote the attachment of microorganisms to phagocytes leading to their subsequent engulfment and destruction. They include mannose receptors, scavenger receptors, and opsonin receptors.

Transferrin receptor (TfR) is a carrier protein for transferrin. It is needed for the import of iron into the cell and is regulated in response to intracellular iron concentration. It imports iron by internalizing the transferrin-iron complex through receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Epinephrine receptor, glucagon receptor, and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, all are G-protein coupled receptors.

Process of gastrulation in frog is more complicated than in Amphioxus due to presence of passive macromere.

• Frog belongs to the sub-phylum Vertebrata, while Amphioxus belongs to the sub-phylum Cephalochordata.
• They both belong to the Chordata phylum and show similar embryological development.
• However the process of gastrulation is more complex in frog than Amphioxus.
• The amount of egg yolk differs in frog and Amphioxus.
• Amphioxus has microlecithal eggs, whereas frog egg is mesolecithal, meaning it has more amount of yolk and it is unevenly distributed in the embryo.

Aruna of castor is a crop variety which is not due to induced mutations. Aruna variety has been developed by mutation, where maturity period has been reduced from normal 270 days to 102 days.

The correct match is- a-iii, b-ii, c-i, d-iv.

• Tonicity: a measure of the osmotic pressure gradient of 2 solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane
• Turgor pressure: pressure exerted outwardly against cell walls by expanding protoplast
• Plasmolysis: causes the protoplast to shrink away from the cell wall
• Mass flow: movement of matters in bulk between two points

An essential requirement of an artificial medium in which explant is being regenerated is that the medium must provide a carbon source such as sucrose and also inorganic salts, vitamins, amino acids, and growth regulators like auxins, cytokinins, etc.

Protein synthesis requires three different forms of RNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA are the three types of RNA (rRNA).
The synthesis of a protein is governed by the information in its DNA, with the help of messengers (mRNA) and translators (tRNA). In the nucleus, DNA is transcribed to RNA. The mRNA carries the message out of the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm where the tRNA helps translate the message to make a protein.

The substage condenser lens gathers the diffuse rays from light source and illuminates the specimen by formation of a small cone of bright light. With the help of condenser lens very small parts of the specimen can be seen after magnification.

A phylogenetic tree also known as cladogram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms or taxa. They are just hypotheses, not definitive facts. The pattern of branching in a phylogenetic tree reflects how species or other groups evolved from a series of common ancestors. In trees, two species are more related if they have a more recent common ancestor and less related if they have a less recent common ancestor.

In directional selection one extreme is more favoured.

The “tail” of the histone is not required for the association for the DNA with the histone octamer into a nucleosome. This is proved when the nucleosome is treated with the protease, trypsin. Trypsin is known to cleave proteins after positively charged amino acid thus, when the N – terminal tail is removed no structural variation is observable in the nucleosome.

The inactive conformation of the G-protein coupled receptor is stabilized by non-covalent interactions between the residues in the transmembrane alpha helices. Rotation or movements in these loops cause changes in the conformation of cytoplasmic loops.