Chapter Test: Agriculture - 2 - CTET & State TET MCQ

Subsistence farming, form of farming in which nearly all of the crops or livestock raised are used to maintain the farmer and the farmer's family, leaving little, if any, surplus for sale or trade.

Subsistence agriculture is often divided into three different types, including intensive subsistence, which is the traditional method, shifting cultivation, which relies on clearing forest to create new farm plots every few years and pastoral nomadism, which relies on traveling with herds of animals.

Pisciculture also known as fish farming is the rearing of fish for food in enclosures such as fish ponds or tanks. The fish are reared and raised in enclosures such as cages, open nets, tanks and ponds.

The correct option is D

All of the above

 

The correct option is D.

Explanation of correct option:

1. Agriculture is defined as the cultivation of food in a specific region and the application of some of the procedures for their improvement and management.
2. The methods involved in the process of agriculture are sowing, preparation of soil, irrigation, manuring, storing, and harvesting.
3. Based on modern techniques and requirements, all these procedures require inputs like a good amount of water, soil, seeds, pesticides, and fertilizers.
4. Soil is a thin layer of substance formed of mineral particles, air, organic substances, living species, and water, which covers the surface of the Earth.
5. Better quality soil, with proper aeration and mineral quantities, is one of the most essential requirements for the agriculture process.
6. Modern methods like the use of chemicals comprising fertilizers and pesticides are also used in an extensive amount nowadays in the process of agriculture.
7. Fertilizers are given to the crops to enhance their productivity, it comprises essential nutrients like potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
8. The chemical substances, which are formulated to kill the pests are pesticides, this comes in different forms like fungicides used to kill fungus, insecticides used to kill insects, and herbicides used to kill unwanted plants or weeds.

Nomads herd cattle, goats, sheep, and camels. Other animals managed by nomadic herders include horses, musk-oxen, and yaks. For many nomads, their herds provide meat, milk, and hides for their own use, as well as for trade.

Commercial Farming In commercial Farming crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in the market, that is, for commercial purposes, while in Subsistence farming crops are grown mainly for the farmer's family needs.

The Latin root of agriculture is agri, or "field," plus cultura, "cultivation." Cultivating a piece of land, or planting and growing food plants on it.

Agricultural inputs range from improved seeds, fertilizers and crop protection chemicals to machinery, irrigation and knowledge. Seeds are critical to successful crop production and inevitably, farm productivity and profitability. Fertilizer supplies nutrients to the soil that are essential for growth

Loose smut of wheat is caused by fungus Ustilago tritici, early blight of potato is caused by fungus Alternaria so/an/ and late blight of potato is caused by fungus Phytophthora infestans. Citrus canker is a bacterial disease caused by bacterium Xanthomonas.

Viticulture (from the Latin word for vine) or winegrowing (wine growing) is the cultivation and harvesting of grapes.

Term: Horticulture
Horticulture refers to the practice of growing vegetables, flowers, and fruits for commercial use. It involves the cultivation, management, and production of plants in controlled environments such as gardens, nurseries, and greenhouses. Here's a detailed explanation of horticulture:
1. Definition:
- Horticulture is a branch of agriculture that focuses on plant cultivation for aesthetic, ornamental, and food purposes.
- It involves the science and art of growing and caring for plants to achieve optimal growth, yield, and quality.
2. Types of Horticulture:
- Floriculture: Growing and cultivating flowers for commercial purposes, including cut flowers, potted plants, and flower arrangements.
- Olericulture: Cultivation of vegetables for consumption, including leafy greens, root vegetables, and culinary herbs.
- Pomology: Production of fruits such as apples, oranges, berries, and other tree fruits.
- Viticulture: Cultivation of grapes for wine production.
- Arboriculture: Care and management of trees, including tree planting, pruning, and maintenance.
3. Techniques and Practices:
- Soil preparation: Ensuring the soil is suitable for plant growth by improving its fertility, structure, and drainage.
- Plant propagation: Reproducing plants through methods such as seed sowing, grafting, and tissue culture.
- Irrigation: Providing plants with adequate water through various methods like sprinklers, drip systems, or manual watering.
- Pest and disease management: Monitoring and controlling pests, insects, diseases, and weeds that can damage the plants.
- Harvesting and post-harvest handling: Collecting and processing the crops to maintain their quality and extend their shelf life.
4. Importance:
- Horticulture plays a vital role in providing food, ornamental plants, and economic opportunities.
- It contributes to food security by ensuring a steady supply of fresh produce.
- Horticultural practices promote environmental sustainability and conservation of natural resources.
- The industry supports job creation and economic growth, especially in rural areas.
- Horticulture enhances the aesthetic value of landscapes, gardens, and urban spaces.
In conclusion, horticulture is the term used for the commercial cultivation of vegetables, flowers, and fruits. It encompasses various techniques and practices to ensure optimal plant growth and production.

Agriculture or farming is a system in which seeds, fertilizers, machinery, and labour are important inputs. Ploughing, sowing, irrigation, weeding, and harvesting are some of the operations.The outputs from the system include crops, dairy, wool and poultry products.

 Output: The outputs from the system include crops, wool, dairy, poultry products, etc. hence, ploughing is not an output.

All the inputs such as fertile soil, sunshine and earthworms are natural and organic matter whereas pesticides are the chemicals which are used to kill the pests that are destroying the crop.

The nomads techniques of agriculture. Nomads are people who travel around from place to place without having one settled place where they live. Most nomadic groups follow a fixed annual or seasonal pattern of movements and settlements.

The rearing of silkworm for obtaining silk is called sericulture.

Intensive subsistence agriculture is a type of farming done primarily by hand, or with beasts of burden on small plots of land. This type of farming only produces enough output to support the farmer's family, not for commercial sale. Space constraints require every bit of land to be used.

Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned while post-disturbance fallow vegetation is allowed to freely grow while the cultivator moves on to another plot. The period of cultivation is usually terminated when the soil shows signs of exhaustion or, more commonly, when the field is overrun by weeds. The length of time that a field is cultivated is usually shorter than the period over which the land is allowed to regenerate by lying fallow.