KVS PGT Exam Physics Mock Test - 9 Free Online Test 2026

The given idiom means 'to go back to the starting point of something'. For example, '​The Government and the State Bank spent years strengthening the nation’s economy but the recession and slowdown shattered it, so we are back to square one.'

The correct answer is Rigveda.

Key Points

• There are four Vedas- 

1. Rigveda 
2. Samaveda
3. Yajurveda
4. Atharvaveda

• Out of these four Vedas, Rigveda is the oldest Veda.
• Rigveda includes more than a thousand hymns called sukta.
• These hymns are written in the praise of gods and goddesses and composed by sages.
• The three most important gods were:

1. Agni, the god of fire
2. Indra, a warrior god
3. Soma, in the Vedas, particularly in the Rigveda, Soma is an important deity. He represents the divine embodiment of the Soma plant and the drink derived from it. He is often described as the divine intoxicant, a provider of inspiration, and as a symbol of immortality.

Thus, we can say that Rigveda is the oldest veda.

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

We do not know the gender of Shanti. 
Clearly, Shaurya is the cousin of Karan.
Hence, ‘Cousin’ is the correct answer.

• It involves physical, intellectual, emotional, cognitive as well as social development. It is also influenced by environmental factors and the learning capacity of children.
• Every individual is different from each other and their area of development is also different.

Key Points

Language learning is a process that begins at birth and continues throughout life. In other words, language learning is an ongoing process. children learn language through which they communicate their feelings, emotions, experiences, etc.

Stage of development for learning a language:-

Pre Childhood:- This stage is also known as pre-schoolers. It starts from 2-6 years.

• At this age, the child reaches the idea of what's going surroundings.
• It is the stage of the overall development of the child.
• A child is ready to roam around the world and become more active.
• A child grows quickly both physically and cognitively.
• A child does not speak but there is a beginning of understanding short words and phrases.

Other stages of development for language learning:-

Thus, it is concluded that pre-childhood is the stage of child development that is termed the best stage for language learning

Objectives of Early Childhood Education: The aim of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) is to facilitate the optimum development of the child’s full potential and lay the foundation for all-round development and lifelong learning.

Key Points 
This aim is to be achieved by enabling the child to:

• Develop a positive self-concept.
• Establish a sound foundation for a good physique, adequate muscular coordination, and basic motor skills.
• Imbibe good health habits and basic life skills/ self-help skills necessary for personal social adjustment.
• Enhance verbal and non-verbal communication skills which would facilitate the expression of thoughts and feelings in fluent, correct, clear speech.
• Develop the five senses and cognitive skills and concepts which are the foundation for higher-order thinking and reasoning.
• Develop emotional maturity by guiding the child to express, understand, accept and control feelings and emotions.
• Develop independence, aesthetic appreciation, and creativity by providing a child with sufficient opportunities for self-expression and active exploration, investigation, and experimentation.
• Make a smooth transition from preschool to primary through the development of emergent literacy and school readiness. 

Hence, we conclude that early childhood education involves all sorts of development.

NCF 2005 in the teaching-learning process has mainly proposed a pedagogical shift from behaviorism to constructivism.

Key Points 

Important Suggestions were given by NCF 2005:

• The conceptualization of the active learner in the teaching-learning context.
• Acquisition of knowledge by the learners is replaced with the approach of construction of knowledge by the learners themselves.
• NCF remarks that knowledge construction is an evolving process and learners constantly develop knowledge by actively participating and utilizing his/her previous experiences.
• Construction of knowledge to be the major focus of teaching. Learners should be viewed as agents of their own learning.

Hence, it could be concluded that the main approach suggested by NCF-2005 in the teaching-learning process is Constructivism.

Additional Information

• The teacher should act as an autonomous facilitator.
• Evaluation should be used as a tool for enhancing continuous and comprehensive learning.

This table will help you to consolidate the major difference between behaviorism, cognitivism, connectionism, and constructivism. 

School education is a crucial aspect of development, which enhances the cognition and psychological development of the child. Community plays a crucial role in promoting and improvement of school education.

Key Points

• The community can help to boost the morale of school teachers. 
• The community can enhance the confidence and self-worth of school teachers.
• The community can also increase the retention of girls in schools. 
• Admission of girl children can also be enhanced by the community.
• Community plays a major role in girls' education. Hence, community support can improve the quality and quantity of girls in school education and school.

Thus, it can be concluded that both options I and II are correct.

NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY:

• NEP 2020 is the third education system in the history of independent India after the policy of 1968 and the second policy of 1986.

• It is an ambitious and futuristic policy that ensures opportunities for children to hone their talents by fixing the lacunae in the education system.
• The Union Cabinet has approved the new National Education Policy (NEP), 2020 with an aim to introduce several changes in the Indian education system

Key Points

• ECCE (Early Childhood Care and Education) ideally consists of flexible, multi-faceted, multi-level, play-based, activity-based, and inquiry-based learning, comprising of alphabets, languages, numbers, counting, colors, shapes, etc.
• The overall aim of ECCE will be to attain optimal outcomes in the domains of physical and motor development, cognitive development, and the development of communication and early language, literacy, and numeracy.

Steps to prepare an initial cadre of high-quality ECCE teachers in Anganwadi:

• Current Anganwadi workers/teachers will be trained through a systematic effort in accordance with the curricular/pedagogical framework developed by NCERT.
• Anganwadi workers/teachers with qualifications of 10+2 and above shall be given a 6-month certificate program in ECCE
• Teachers with lower educational qualifications shall be given a one-year diploma program covering early literacy, numeracy, and other relevant aspects of ECCE.
• The ECCE training of Anganwadi workers/teachers will be mentored by the Cluster Resource Centres of the School Education Department which shall hold at least one monthly contact class for continuous assessment.
• In the longer term, State Governments shall prepare cadres of professionally qualified educators for early childhood care and education, through stage-specific professional training, mentoring mechanisms, and career mapping.
• Necessary facilities will also be created for the initial professional preparation of these educators and their Continuous Professional Development (CPD).

Hence, it could b concluded that teachers with higher educational qualifications shall be given a one-year diploma program covering important aspects of ECCE is not true regarding training of high Quality ECCE teachers in Anganwadi.

The concept of education is used in a variety of contexts with different meanings and viewpoints. Different educationists have different beliefs and opinions with reference to the origin of the word 'education'.

• Dropout refers to the practice of leaving schools before completing a certain level of schooling. Effective teaching happens when a teacher is successful in keeping the students actively involved in learning, otherwise, children tend to find ways to skip classes or escape from school.

Key Points

The reason of absence and escape from school is:

• Lack of Infrastructure
• Poor method of teaching & Ineffective teacher
• Inequality in education & Lack of quality education
• Expensive higher education & Lack of interest in the syllabus

Important Points

Ways to remove the hindrance in achieving educational aims:

• An effective teacher should focus on how well the students have understood a particular topic and motivate them to learn.

• The teacher should make use of interesting teaching methodologies to instill curiosity and inquisitiveness.
• An effective classroom is one where the teacher is a facilitator and a role model and not merely an instructor.
• It is a place where there is a lively and healthy interaction between students and teachers.
• The teacher can provide real-life examples to induce learners' interest in the syllabus so that they can have a connection with the subjects and the syllabus.

Hence, it could be concluded that all of the above are the reasons of absence and escape from school which hinder the achievement of educational aims include.

The Union Cabinet has approved the new National Education Policy (NEP), 2020 with an aim to introduce several changes in the Indian education system.

• NEP 2020 is the third education policy in the history of independent India after the policy of 1968 and the second policy of 1986.
• The main goal of the school education regulatory system is to improve educational outcomes so that children can learn to implement the acquired knowledge and skills in their practical life.

Key PointsNational Education Policy 2020: As per NEP, 2020, learning should be holistic, integrated, enjoyable, and engaging. Therefore, the current 10+2 system is to be replaced by a four-stage 5+3+3+4 structure.

• Pedagogy must evolve to make education more experiential, holistic, integrated, inquiry-driven, discovery-oriented, learner-centered, discussion-based, flexible, and, of course, enjoyable.
• The Foundational Stage will consist of five years of flexible, multilevel, play/activity-based learning.
• It consists of flexible, multi-faceted, multi-level, play-based, activity-based, and inquiry-based learning, comprising of alphabets, languages, numbers, counting, colors, shapes, indoor and outdoor play, puzzles and logical thinking, problem-solving, drawing, painting, and other visual art, craft, drama and puppetry, music and movement.
• It also includes a focus on developing social capacities, sensitivity, good behavior, courtesy, ethics, personal and public cleanliness, teamwork, and cooperation.

Thus, it infers that National Education Policy 2020 emphasizes on flexible multi-level activity-based learning.

Additional InformationThe curricular and pedagogical structure and the curricular framework for school education will therefore be guided by a 5+3+3+4 design, consisting of the:

• Foundational Stage - This stage of education comprises 3 years of preschool or Anganwadi education followed by two years of primary classes (classes 1 and 2). This stage will focus on teaching through play-based or activity-based methods and on the development of language skills.
• Preparatory Stage - Grades 3-5, covering ages 8-11
• Middle Stage - Grades 6-8, covering ages 11-14
• Secondary Stage - Grades 9-12 in two phases, i.e., 9 and 10 in the first and 11 and 12 in the second, covering ages 14-18

Lewis Madison Terman (1877 –1956) was an American psychologist and author. He was noted as a pioneer in educational psychology. Terman (1904) produced the first empirical study of leadership, examining the qualities that differentiated leaders from non-leaders in schoolchildren. He reported such attributes as verbal fluency, intelligence, low emotionality, daring, congeniality, goodness, and liveliness as characterizing youthful leaders.

Qualities of a leader:

• Least selfish: A Leader should be least selfish. He should think about the common goal of the group.
• Innovative:  A leader should be Innovative and entrepreneur.

Key Points

Personal Qualities of a Leader

• Being Honest & Consistent: Honest and consistent in behaviour; more concerned with the good of the organization than personal ambition
• Acting with Integrity: Open to criticism and disagreement, consults and involves others in decision-making; regards values as integral to the organization
• Being Decisive, Risk-taking: Decisive when required; prepared to take difficult decisions, and risks when appropriate
• Inspiring Others: Charismatic, exceptional communicator; inspires others to join them
• Resolving Complex Problems: Capacity to deal with a wide range of complex issues; creative in problem-solving

The word community is derived from the Latin words com means together and munis means serve. Hence, Community means to serve together.

• A community is a group of people who live in a particular place with their culture, ideas, values, etc.

Key Points Community campaigns help to bring children to school. It includes:

• Aware parents and children of the importance of education for the progress of the individual.
• Emphasis on the education of girls. Aware them to let your daughters go to school.
• Campaign aware communities, not on the importance of education but also aware of its availability and accessibility.
• It is important to make people aware of the schemes of the government on how to access free and quality education and scholarships.
• Prioritize the safety and protection of the girls.
• Aware parents about education are most important and it can be easily availed without any unwanted burden.
• Community campaign helps to bring children into the schools.
• Awareness about education increases admission to schools.

Thus, it is concluded that community campaigns bring children to school.

According to all figure given,
The magnetic field due to square shape in all options will be zero, Because distribution of current will be less in the ϕ longer path. But its cumulative effect of the magnetic field at the centre will be the same.
 
In option (A) and (B) current line is passing through the centre, So its perpendicular distance will be zero, so magnetic field in Both (A) and (B) will be zero due to incoming and outgoing current.
Refer image .1
 
Whereas in case of (D) Magnetic field due to incoming current and outgoing current will be equal and opposite so it will cancel out these effects.
Refer image .2
be in case of (C) Magnetic field will be in same direction with equal magnitude by the incoming and outgoing current, So its effect will not cancel 
Option C.

Explanation:flux will be changed when current in C₂ is changing. Hence current will be induced in coil C₁.

Explanation:

(i) PQ = diameter = displacement for each girl = 2r = 2 x 200 = 400 m

Since, displacement vector does not depend upon the actual path length and it is the shortest distance between initial and final position, so in the case of each girl the displacement is 400 m.

(ii)This is equal to the actual length of the path skated by girl B.

For zero acceleration,

 Putting force = Frictional force   m₁g = μ(m₂ + m)g 

Acceleration due to gravity at a height “h” is given by

g’ = g (R/R+h)²

Here,

g is the acceleration due to gravity on the surface

R is the radius of the earth

As g’ is given as g/9, we get

g/9 = g(R/R+h)²

⅓ = R/(R+h)

h=2R

In physics, two wave sources are perfectly coherent if they have a constant phase difference and the same frequency (amplitude may be different).
As c be the speed of light which is constant.
Using, c=νλ
Now same ν gives same λ. for the two light sources.
Example: y₁​=A₁​sinwt  and y_2​=A₂​sin(wt+ϕ) where ϕ is constant.

Newton's law of cooling states that the heat released by a body with respect to time (or) the rate of heat released is directly proportional to the difference between the body's temperature and the surrounding temperature. 
dH/dt = k(T – Ts) where t = surrounding's temperature and T = temperature of the body 
Consider two bodies A and B, of equal surface areas, such that A's temperature is more that B's temperature and the surrounding temperature is less than both A and B. Then according to Newton's law of cooling A loses more heat to the surroundings when compared B during the same time interval. So, A will cool faster than B.

At a constant speed means, acceleration is 0. Therefore, using formula
a = g( sinθ - ucosθ)
0 = g(sinθ - u cosθ)
ucosθ = sinθ
u = sinθ/cosθ
u= tanθ
Hence D is correct.

Let the ball is pressed down by a small y, then the value of air decreased by Ay.  

Then, excess pressure is 

Mass of the object is quantitative measure of its inertia stated law is Newton's First Law.

Due to electric field, it experiences force and decelerates i.e. its velocity decreases.

Conservation of angular momentum:
L= 2m dA/dt

The magnitude of displacement is the shortest straight-line distance between the initial and final positions of the particle.

• If the particle moves in a straight line without changing direction, the displacement is equal to the path length.
• If the particle follows a curved or non-linear path, the displacement is less than the path length.

Thus, the magnitude of displacement is always either less than or equal to the path length of the particle between two points.

In beam balance we consider the torque at centre of beam which is moment of force at its each end.

When friction is absent

a₁ = gsinθ

When friction is present

a₂ = gsin θ - μ_k gcos θ

From Eqs. (i) and (ii)

P = m1(v1 - vc) + m2(v2 – vc)
P = m1v1 + m2v2 – (m1 + m2)vc
Also, we know that vc = m1v1 + m2v2/(m1 + m2)
Hence P = 0

Given A storage battery is connected to a charger for
charging with a voltage of 12.5 Volts. The internal
resistance of the storage battery is 1 ohm. When the
charging current is 0.5 A, the emf of the storage
battery is:
When the battery is charging
We know that
V = e + i r  
V = 12.5, i = 0.5, r = 1  
12.5 = e + 0.5 x 1
12.5 = e + 0.5
e = 12.5 – 0.5
e = 12 v