UGC NET Paper 2 Education Mock Test - 6 - UGC NET MCQ

The University Grants Commission of India is a statutory body set up by the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, and Government of India in accordance with the UGC Act 1956 and is charged with coordination, determination, and maintenance of standards of higher education.

Important Points

Hence, the correct matching is A-III, B-IV, C-II, and D-I

The general meaning of homework is to do some written work at home in relation to a subject ordered by the teacher. In the broad sense, homework means written and oral work related to all the subjects studied by the child, which the child does at home.

Key PointsHomework makes students self-study lovers, but at the same time, students:

• Practices knowledge of the subject matter.
• To assimilate the content read and develop relationships and skills in the subject.
• Revise what has been read
• Motivate students to study regularly
• To develop the habit of studying independently in the students
• Homework inculcates self-reliance and self-confidence in the child.
• Homework is a good tool for practice and repetition. This brings stability to knowledge and develops understanding and skills.

Hence, we can conclude that Homework makes students self-study lovers, but at the same time, students practices knowledge of the subject matter.

Key Points

• The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) is a treaty of the United Nations that was adopted in 2006 and came into force in 2008.
• It is a human rights treaty that aims to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities and to promote respect for their inherent dignity.
• The Convention has 54 articles and 5 Optional Protocols. It is one of the nine core international human rights treaties.

Educational philosophy is a definite set of principles which formulates the objectives of education.

• It outlines the type of education imparted in a particular way to find solutions to educational problems.

• There are different kinds of philosophies in education and 'Naturalism' is one of them.

Naturalism school of Philosophy in education will plead affinity with the Darwinian theory of evaluation. Let's Understand in brief:

Hence, it could be concluded that the Naturalism school of Philosophy in education will plead affinity with the Darwinian theory of evaluation.

NOTE:

NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY(NEP)-2020-

"​National Education Policy is an ambitious and futuristic policy that ensures opportunities for children to hone their talents by fixing the lacunae in the education system".

• The 10+2 structure of school curricula is to be replaced by a 5+3+3+4 curricular structure corresponding to ages 3-8, 8-11, 11-14, and 14-18 years respectively.
• NCERT will develop a National Curricular and Pedagogical Framework for Early Childhood Care and Education for children aged eight.
• All students will take school examinations in Grades 3, 5, and 8 which will be conducted by the appropriate authority. Board exams for Grades 10 and 12 will continue but be redesigned with holistic development as the aim.
• A new National Assessment Centre, PARAKH- Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development, will be set up as a standard-setting body.

Important Point

​School Education Regulatory System-

• The main aim of the School Regulatory System to improve educational outcomes continually.
• The goal of the school education regulatory system to empower schools and teachers with trust, enabling them to strive for excellence and perform at their very best, while ensuring the integrity of the system through the enforcement of complete transparency and full public disclosure of all finances, procedures, and educational outcomes.
• The Department of School Education, which is the part of the state-level body in school education, will be responsible for overall monitoring and policymaking for continual improvement of the public education system.
• The framework for these parameters will be created by the SCERT in consultation with teachers and schools especially.
• The educational Regulatory System will be to impart the highest quality education so that it becomes the most attractive option for parents from all walks of life for educating their children.
• School  Educational Regulatory system, the assessment will cover students across government as well as private schools. States will also be encouraged to conduct their own census-based State Assessment Survey (SAS), the results of which will be used only for developmental purposes, public disclosure by schools of their overall and anonymized student outcomes, and for continuous improvement of the school education system.

Hence, The goal of the school education regulatory system must not to overly restrict schools to prevent innovation or demoralize teachers, principle, and students.

Key Points

• The Comprehensive Education Scheme for Disabled Children (CESDC) is a centrally sponsored scheme administered by the Department of Disability Affairs under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
• The scheme provides a range of support services to students with disabilities to ensure their access to quality education.

Important Points

Here are the key components of the CESDC scheme:

• Accessible and barrier-free built-in infrastructure and transport facilities: The scheme provides financial assistance for constructing ramps, lifts, and other modifications to make schools and transportation facilities accessible to students with disabilities.
• Supply of books, uniforms, and stationery: The scheme provides free textbooks, uniforms, and stationery to students with disabilities from economically disadvantaged backgrounds.
• Specialized learning aids: The scheme provides specialized learning aids, such as Braille kits, hearing aids, and magnifiers, to students with disabilities to support their learning process.
• Scholarships: The scheme provides scholarships to students with disabilities to pursue their education at various levels, from elementary school to higher education.

The CESDC scheme plays a vital role in promoting inclusive education and ensuring that students with disabilities have equal opportunities to learn and succeed.

Maslow put forth Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory in the year 1943 in his paper titled “A Theory of Human Motivation”. Accordingly, every individual has five important requirements, namely, physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. 

Key Points

• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory rests on three assumptions.

• First, an individual’s behaviour is grounded on his/her needs.
• After fulfillment of one need, he/she puts forth his/her efforts to meet other needs.
• Second, an already met need doesn’t motivate him/her to work but a next need does.
• Third, a person cannot move towards the achievement of the higher-level need unless the lower-level ones are fully met.

According to Maslow, the further progress is shown by a person moving up the hierarchy, the amount of humanness, individuality, and psychological health will be greater than in the past

Teaching is a process in which one individual teaches or instructs another individual. Teaching is considered the act of imparting instructions to the learners in the classroom situation. It is watching systematically. Dewey:- considers it as a manipulation of the situation, where the learner will acquire skills and insight with his own initiation.

Self Efficacy and Flexibility are style-related competencies of an effective teacher.

1. Self-efficacy is, according to psychologist Albert Bandura who originally proposed the concept, a personal judgment of "how well one can execute courses of action required to deal with prospective situations".
2. Psychologists have studied self-efficacy from several perspectives. 
3. A teacher should have full confidence in his/her abilities.
4. An effective teacher has complete clarity in objectives that he/she aims to achieve during the teaching-learning process. An effective teacher should be self-reliant and should have a complete grasp and attitude of an achiever in his/her individualistic approach to teaching.
5. Teacher Sensitivity is not about how “nice” or “caring” teachers are; rather, it is about how teachers consistently demonstrate awareness and responsiveness to children’s current academic and emotional abilities and needs.
6. The best teachers are sensitive to the needs of a child, as they know that one cruel remark can have a profound effect on a child.
7. The best thing about lenient teachers is that they are easily approachable and non-fussy. Students feel free to come up to them for any problem and are not scared to voice their opinions. A teacher has to be approachable even if she is strict or reserved, but with a lenient teacher, it comes naturally. It is the biggest quality that a teacher can possess.

Thus, option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

Note that the organized demeanour of a teacher is a Personal competency whereas subject knowledge of a teacher, evaluating the students, and providing feedback come under Professional Competencies.

Information Technology (IT) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are very often interchangeably used in the context of modern technology infrastructure. ICT is a broad and comprehensive term, which comprises information technology and communication technology. Information technology includes radio, television, computer and the Internet, teleconferencing, and mobile.

According to the American sociologist Earl Robert Babbie, “Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control the observed phenomenon. Research involves inductive and deductive methods.”

1. Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the scope of ICT to be employed in the fields of education and research.
2. Information and Communication Technology has done so much to remove from the researcher the constraints of speed, cost, and distance.
3. On the whole, information and communication technology has led to improvements in research.
4. New avenues for scientific exploration have opened. The amount of data that can be analyzed has been expanded, as has the complexity of analyses. And researchers can collaborate more widely and efficiently.
5. Though the use of ICT can be employed in every stage of the research process, the scope for employing ICT support is relatively more in the stages of Data Collection and Data Analysis.
6. Collecting and analyzing data with computers are among the most widespread uses of information and communication technology in research.
7. Computer hardware for these purposes comes in all sizes, ranging from personal computers to microprocessors dedicated to specific instrumentational tasks, large mainframe computers serving a university campus or research facility, and supercomputers. Computer software ranges from general-purpose programs that compute numeric functions or conduct statistical analysis to specialized applications of all sorts. 

Thus, C and D only is the correct answer.

The correct answer is A and C only​​.

Key Points

• From the passage, 'One example of a discontinuous change would be when a firm of two organizations. In both instances, the shape of the organization can be expected to change radically. An organization transforming from a production orientation to a customer orientation will need to drastically decentralize and delegate authority. In a merger, entirely new roles and working relationships will be created.​' This indicates that in a merger 'Shape of the organisation will change' and there will be 'Drastic decentralisation of the authority' 
• Hence, statements A and C are correct. 
• Statements B and D are opposite to the view of organisation merge. 

The frequency distribution of a research data which is symmetrical in shape similar to a normal distribution but center peak is much higher, is Leptokurtic.

One of the most widely cited contemporary theories of intrinsic motivation is Self-Determination Theory, developed by Edward Deci and Richard Ryan. SDT (1975) states that humans have three innate psychological needs: a need to feel competent, a need to feel related and a need to feel autonomous.

As in Samkhya, the self is distinguished from the mind (chitta): the mind is viewed as an object, an aggregate. This argument is used to prove the existence of a self other than the mind. The mental state is not self-intimating; it is known in introspection. It cannot know both itself and its object.

Rather than occurring as discrete disorders it is possible that psychopathology may represent symptoms of Hybrid disorders.

Behavior in all its aspects can be studied scientifically through a single technique or approach known as Observation.

Charter Act, Wood's Dispatch, Stanley's Dispatch, Indian Education Commission(Hunter Commission), and Sargent Report are the major committees/commissions on education in India before Independence.

 Key Points

•  Charter Act (1813) -

​ The main and most important provision of the Charter act of 1813 was the provision of one lac rupees per year, which was used to revitalise and improve English literature and commendation of India's domain or land in native and promotion of scientific knowledge among British Indian territories.

• Wood's Dispatch(1854) -

​ The main objective of this dispatch was to impart Western knowledge to the Indian people and also to develop their intellect and moral character. For the first in India, Wood's Dispatch recommended the creation of a Department of public instruction in five provinces.

• Stanley's Dispatch(1859) - 

 Lord Stanley mentioned in his dispatch that special attention should be devoted to the training of the teachers. After the transfer of power, it was not possible for the British administrators posted in India to ignore or disregard the orders of the secretary for the state of India. Hence they worked with enthusiasm for the establishment of training schools in India.

• Indian Education Commission (Hunter Commission) 1882

 this commission suggested that the responsibility 0f providing primary education and management of elementary schools should be given to local bodies like district boards and municipal councils. The primary curriculum should be based on local needs, that is Indianization of education and the curriculum should include useful subjects like agriculture, arithmetic, geography, etc.

• Sargent Report (1944) - 

The main objective of the Sargent Report was the educational reconstruction of India. It recommended the introduction of free and compulsory education for all Indian children in the 6-11 years age group. The plan aimed to bring about universal literacy in India within 40 years of its introduction.

Thus, option 1 is correct.

Hence, we can conclude that the chronological order of given committees/commissions is -

                 Charter Act > Wood's Dispatch > Stanley's Report > Hunter Commission > Sargent Report. 

Development is a continuous and life-long process that involves physical growth, cognitive development, emotional development, moral development, and social development.

Key Points

•  Development is a lifelong process which includes maturation and learning.
• Maturation can be defined as the process of growing and changing. 
• Learning continues for lifetime and ensures we develop cognitively while we learn. 
• The combination of our environment and hereditary significantly influences the development. 
• Nature and nurture both are equally responsible for development in different dimensions. 
• Development is unique for every individual and depends on various factors. 
• Development occurs through various stages. 

Additional Information

•  Development cannot be measured and it is not a quantitative process. 

Thus it can be concluded that option 4 is incorrect. 

Webster’s Third International Dictionary of the English Language defines research as “studious inquiry or examination, especially critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts, and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or practical applications of new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws.”

A good researcher must possess an inquiry mind.
Key Points

1. Research is an act of inquiry and discovery, so it helps if the researcher has an “inquiring” type of mind.
2. It helps if the researcher is curious about stuff if the researcher wants to know why or what or how or when or who about something.
3. It also helps if the researcher wants to find out stuff or learn stuff. 
4. A good researcher must be open-minded and must also adopt a critical way of thinking. 

Thus, option 1 is the correct answer. 

Additional Information

•  A master's degree is a pre-requisite for getting admission to the Ph.D. program. However, research opportunities are not only limited to the Ph.D. program. There are research opportunities in the corporate world, under-graduation programs, etc.
• Good health is a generic requirement and goal of life.
• Various institutions like AICTE, UGC, Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund Scholarship, TARE, and other private institutions offer scholarships to research students. 

The Correct answer is a Stratified Random Sample.

Key Points

• Stratified random sampling:
  • ​Stratified random sampling, also known as proportional random sampling or quota random sampling, is a method used in probability sampling where the total population is divided into homogeneous groups or strata.
  • These strata are created based on shared characteristics like education level, income, or gender.
  • Random samples are then taken from each stratum, allowing for comparisons and specific conclusions.
  • In a stratified random sample, the population is divided into subgroups or strata based on certain characteristics (in this case, categories of staff).
  • Then, a random sample is taken from each stratum.
  • The goal is to ensure that each subgroup is represented in the sample, providing a more accurate reflection of the entire population.

Additional Information

• Simple Random Sampling:
  • ​A simple random sample is a subset of a population chosen through a random process, where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
  • This method is straightforward, involving a single random selection and requiring minimal prior knowledge about the population.
  • Due to its reliance on randomization, research conducted on such a sample is expected to exhibit high internal and external validity, with a reduced risk of biases like sampling bias and selection bias.
• Population:
  • ​The population refers to the entire group of individuals that the researcher is interested in studying.
  • In the given scenario, the population would be all university library professionals, including librarians, administrative staff, and support staff.
• Snowball Sample:
  • ​A snowball sample is a non-probability sampling technique where existing study participants recruit future participants from among their acquaintances.

Key Points

Payne's Five Process Model:

• Payne's Five Process Model helps to improve Customer Relationship Management (CRM) which makes acquisition and retention of customers a priority.
• Payne's Five Process Model was developed by Adrian Payne and Pennie Frow in 2005 to identify and assess processes relevant to CRM.
• This model includes processes that can help to build and maintain relationships with customers.
• The relevance of various processes is discussed in this model, namely:
  • Strategy development process
  • Value creation process
  • Multichannel integration process 
  • Performance assessment process
  • Information management process

• Payne and Frow reviewed literature along with field-based interactions, to develop a comprehensive process that would help in developing a sound CRM strategy.
• The strategy development process and value creation process are a part of strategic CRM.
• The multichannel integration process is a part of operational CRM.
• The performance assessment process and information management process are a part of analytical CRM.
• Each of them is a cross-sectional, process-oriented approach and is interlinked.
• They all have their own role and function for greater success with CRM implementation.
• Analytical CRM refers to the analysis and systematic evaluation of collated customer data.
• It maintains a record of interactions with clients and helps organizations monitor sales and marketing activities.
• This mined data received provides insights and intelligence to help businesses operate effectively.

Therefore, in Payne's five process model, the performance assessment process is a part of Analytical CRM.

Short-Term Memory: Up to 7 Items, But Highly Volatile. Many psychology experiments have shown that our short-term memory can hold only a limited number of separate items. The average is about 7 items, plus or minus 2, depending on the individual.

The maximum contribution to the process of socialization, in general comes from home.

A ratio represents the relation between Part and Part, Part and Whole and Whole and Whole.

Anecdotal Records are detailed, narrative descriptions of an incident involving one or several children. They are focused narrative accounts of a specific event. They are used to document unique behaviors and skills of a child or a small group of children.

The title should be informative, contain keywords, and reveal the topic of the thesis. Include the title, author, thesis supervisor, place, and date. Abstract. Briefly state the 

(1) research problem, 

(2) methodology, 

(3) key results, and 

(4) conclusion.

It compels students to think isof the following is the most important characteristic of Open Book Examination system.

The root of age-related cognitive decline may lie in a reduced ability to ignore distractors. A new study indicates that older adults put more effort into focusing during encoding in order to compensate for a reduced ability to hold information in working memory.

During infancy and early childhood brain development can have enduring repercussions into adolescents and adults because ofMaltreatment.

A definition that has a meaning that is deliberately assigned to some symbol is calledStipulative.

Normativity is the phenomenon in human societies of designating some actions or outcomes as good or desirable or permissible and others as bad or undesirable or impermissible. A norm in this normative sense means a standard for evaluating or making judgments about behavior or outcomes.