NVS PGT Chemistry Mock Test - 6 - NVS TGT/PGT MCQ

The correct answer is Magnesium.

Key Points

• The outermost shell of a Magnesium element has two electrons.
  • 12 is the atomic mass for magnesium.
  • it is in group 2 of the periodic table, which it loses,
  • so it can attain stability by losing the electron and its outermost shell will be complete by achieving (2,8) configuration 
  • it has a charge of +2, as it still has 12 protons (positive charges) and now has only 10 electrons (negative charges).
  • Magnesium is used in products that benefit from being lightweight, such as car seats, luggage, laptops, cameras, and power tools.
  • It is also added to molten iron and steel to remove sulfur. 
• Outermost Shell :
  • This outermost shell is known as the valence shell, and the electrons found in it are called valence electrons.
  • In general, atoms are most stable, least reactive, when their outermost electron shell is full.

Additional Information

• Carbon is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6.
  • It is nonmetallic and tetravalent-making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.
  • It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. 
  • Carbon typically shares electrons to achieve a complete valence shell, forming bonds with multiple other atoms.
• Boron is a chemical element with the symbol B and atomic number 5.
  • The boron atom has only six electrons in its outer shell, leading to an electron deficiency.
  • This molecule has 12 valence shell electrons, 3 each from the B atoms, and 1 each from the six H atoms.
    • Electrons per shell: 2,3
    • Atomic Mass: 10.811 g/mol
• Chlorine atom consists of 17 protons (positively charged sub-atomic particles) in the atom's nucleus (central region), balanced by seventeen electrons (negatively charged sub-atomic particles) distributed around the nucleus.

The logic follows here is :

Sum of place values of alphabets of the given word = Given number.

MONK → M + O + N + K = 13 + 15 + 14 + 11 = 53.

Similarly,

TUTOR → T + U + T + O + R = 20 + 21 + 20 + 15 + 18 = 94.

Hence, the correct answer is "94".

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communication protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet).

Example of e-mail address is

The combination keys Ctrl S in Microsoft Word are used for saving a document. When you press Ctrl S, it performs the function of saving the current document with any changes made to it. This is a commonly used shortcut that helps to save time and effort in manually clicking on the save button.

Using Ctrl S to save a document in Microsoft Word has several benefits:

• Efficiency: By using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl S, you can quickly save your document without the need to navigate through menus or use the mouse.


• Time-saving: Pressing Ctrl S is faster than manually clicking on the save button, especially when you need to save your document frequently.


• Preventing data loss: Saving your document regularly with Ctrl S ensures that any changes made are saved, reducing the risk of losing important data in the event of a system crash or power failure.


• Autosave: In some scenarios, Ctrl S triggers the autosave feature in Microsoft Word, which automatically saves your document at regular intervals, providing an additional layer of protection against data loss.

Overall, using the combination keys Ctrl S in Microsoft Word is an essential and time-saving practice to ensure that your work is saved and protected from unexpected events.

Disciplinary issues come up when a teacher fails to engage students in a meaningful and constructive programme. The nature of students is volatile. They are easily distracted by things. Only a constructive programme could help them gain attention towards the meaningful tasks conducted in the classroom, so that their mind remains occupied to the most productive tasks.

Based on structure:


 bond has one electron; bond order y = 0.5.
 bond has two electrons; bond order x = 1.0. 

Electron donating —CH₃ gro up stabilises benzylic carbocation, hence increases reactivity of corresponding substrate. Electron withdrawing —NO₂ decreases stability of carbocation, decreases reactivity of corresponding substrate in S_N1 reaction

The correct answer is Option A.
Greater the number of solute particles in the solution, higher the elevation in boiling point. Among the given alternatives, Na₂SO₄ will exhibit the highest boiling point since it will dissociate into 3 ions when dissolved in the solution.

F, O and N are electronegative elements. Thus, HF molecules are associated by intermolecules H-bonding giving it a liquid state and thus highest boiling point out of HF, HCl.HBr and HI.
Similarly, H₂O has highest boiling point, and NH₃ has highest boiling point.

(i) Oxidation state of element in its free state is zero.

(ii) Sum of oxidation states of all atoms in compound is zero.

O.N of S in S₈=0;    O.N of S in S₂F₂=+1

O.N of S in H₂S=-2

Maximum ores are of group 16 elemnts (O, S etc).

^–OCN is ambident ligand & it shows linkage isomerism.

Rate of reaction can be measured in terms of Rate of disappearance of reactant or rate of apperance of product.

For H - atom , Z = 1

Coordination isomerism is possible when both positive and negative ions of a salt are complex ions and two isomers differ in distribution of ligands in the cation and the anion.

We know that white light is composed of many different colours. When white light is allowed to fall on [Ti(H₂O)₆]³⁺ ion, this ion absorbs the light of green and yellow colour and transmits is almost purple colour.The purple colour of the transmitted light is called complimentary colour of that of absorbed light.

One of the goals of education is to develop independent learning in students. However, at times, students might need a little push from the teacher in order to achieve that independence. Scaffolding is a technique that helps during such a scenario.

 National Education Policy is the first education policy of the 21st century and aims to address the many growing developmental imperatives of this country. This Policy proposes the revision and revamping of all aspects of the education structure, including its regulation and governance, to create a new system that is aligned with the aspirational goals of 21st-century education, while remaining consistent with India’s traditions and value systems.

• The National Education Policy emphasizes the development of each individual's creative potential, in all its richness and complexity.

Key Points

The National Education Policy 2020 has set an ambitious goal of achieving universal foundational literacy and numeracy for primary school children by 2025. This means that by the time children reach grade 3, they will be able to read a grade 3 language textbook and attain essential addition and subtraction skills.

• Attaining foundational literacy and numeracy for all children must receive urgent national attention, with immediate measures to be taken on many fronts and with clear goals that will be attained in the short term (including that every student must achieve foundational literacy and numeracy by Grade 3).
• The very highest priority of the education system will be to achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy in primary school and beyond by 2025.
• If we specifically talk about  Universal foundation numeracy then the first objective of NEP 2020 to achieve Universal foundation numeracy by 2025 is to achieve build the Number sense in children.
• The rest of this Policy will be largely irrelevant for such a large portion of our students if this most basic learning requirement (i.e., reading, writing, and arithmetic at the foundational level) is not first achieved.
• To this end, all State/UT governments will immediately prepare an implementation plan for attaining universal foundational literacy and numeracy in all primary and middle schools, identifying stage-wise targets and goals to be achieved by 2025, and closely tracking and monitoring the progress of the same.

Thus, it is concluded that the first objective of NEP 2020 to achieve Universal foundation numeracy by 2025 is number sense.    

Learning takes place by comparing previous knowledge and experience with the present learning experience through thinking and activities. Learning is a universal skill seen in all species. Thinking and Learning are two interwoven activities that help to develop knowledge, critical thinking, and creative thinking.

Key Points

•  Despite the addition of more specialized disciplines and subject instructors, experiential learning within each subject and investigations of relationships among different subjects will be encouraged and highlighted.
• Experiential learning will be implemented at all levels, with investigations of the connections between various disciplines as well as hands-on learning, education that incorporates the arts and sports, and pedagogy centered on telling stories, among others, as normal practices within each subject.
• Classroom activities will change to competency-based learning and teaching to address the achievement gap in learning outcomes. Additionally, the assessment instruments—including assessment "as," "of," and "for" learning—will be in line with the learning objectives, skills, and attitudes that are listed for each subject in a given class.
• Each subject's curriculum will be edited down to the fundamentals in order to allow room for critical thinking and more all-encompassing, inquiry-based, discovery-based, discussion-based, and analysis-based learning.

Hence, National Education Policy 2020 proposes that experiential learning should be encouraged to promote critical thinking. 

The passage says that there has been an immense change in the climate of the planet over the years. We humans are ourselves responsible for generating this problem. Finding the solution to this problem is the biggest challenge of our generation. Lastly, the passage concludes that if we don't correct this situation now, it will be too late to control the problem.
This sequence of events is shown only by option 1. Hence, it is the correct answer.

क्ष व्यंजन 'संयुक्त व्यंजन' का उदाहरण है।

• क्ष = क् (स्वर रहित) + ष (स्वर सहित)
• क्ष से शब्द = क्षय, कक्षा, नक्षत्र, रक्षा आदि।
• दो या दो से अधिक असमान व्यंजनों के मिलने से बनने वाले व्यंजन को संयुक्त व्यंजन कहते हैं।

उदाहरण -

• त्र = त् + र
• ज्ञ = ज्+ ञ
• श्र = श् + र

Important Pointsवर्ण के दो भेद होते हैं।

1. स्वर वर्ण
2. व्यंजन वर्ण

अघोष व सघोष व्यंजन -

अघोष

• जिन वर्णों के उच्चारण में स्वर तंत्रियों में कंपन नहीं होता है और वर्णों का उच्‍चारण करते समय केवल श्‍वास का प्रयोग किया जाता है, उन्हें अघोष वर्ण कहते हैं।
• क-वर्ग, च-वर्ग, ट-वर्ग, त-वर्ग, प-वर्ग के प्रथम और द्वितीय वर्ण अघोष वर्ण होते हैं।
• अघोष ऊष्म वर्ण - श, ष, स

सघोष

• जिन वर्णों के उच्चारण में स्वर तंत्रियों में कंपन होता है उन्हें सघोष वर्ण कहते हैं।
• क-वर्ग, च-वर्ग, ट-वर्ग, त-वर्ग, प-वर्ग के तृतीय, चतुर्थ व पंचम वर्ण सघोष वर्ण होते हैं।
• सघोष अंतःस्थ वर्ण - य, र, ल, व
• सघोष ऊष्म वर्ण- ह

अल्‍पप्राण व महाप्राण व्यंजन -

अल्‍पप्राण

• जिन वर्णों के उच्चारण में श्वास या प्राण वायु की मात्रा अल्प(कम) होती है, उन्हें अल्पप्राण वर्ण कहते हैं।
• क-वर्ग, च-वर्ग, ट-वर्ग, त-वर्ग, प-वर्ग के प्रथम, तृतीय व पंचम वर्ण अल्पप्राण वर्ण होते हैं।
• अल्‍पप्राण अंतःस्थ वर्ण - य, र, ल, व

महाप्राण

• जिन वर्गों के उच्चारण में श्वास या प्राण वायु की मात्रा अधिक होती है, उन्हें महाप्राण वर्ण कहते हैं।
• क-वर्ग, च-वर्ग, ट-वर्ग, त-वर्ग, प-वर्ग के द्वितीय व चतुर्थ वर्ण महाप्राण वर्ण होते हैं।
• महाप्राण ऊष्म वर्ण- श, ष, स, ह

उपर्युक्त में से उत्क्षिप्त व्यंजन है - 'ड़, ढ़'

• उत्क्षिप्त का अर्थ होता है फेंकना या फेंका हुआ है।
• अतः वें व्यंजन जिनके उच्चारण में जिह्वा का अग्र भाग वेग से ऊपर उठकर मूर्धा से टकराकर तुरन्त उसी वेग से नीचे लौट आता है,
• उन्हें उत्क्षिप्त व्यंजन के साथ ताड़नजात व्यंजन या द्विस्पृष्ट व्यंजन भी कहते हैं।
• सिर्फ 'ड़, ढ़' ताड़नजात व्यंजन या द्विस्पृष्ट व्यंजन कहते हैं।न

Key Pointsकुछ महत्वपूर्ण वर्ण के उच्चारण-स्थान:-

• कंठ्य (गले से) :- क, ख, ग, घ, ङ
• तालव्य (कठोर तालु से) :- च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, य, श
• मूर्धन्य (कठोर तालु के अगले भाग से) :- ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, ड़, ढ़, ष
• दंत्य (दाँतों से) :- त, थ, द, ध, न
• वर्त्स्य (दाँतों के मूल से) :- स, र, ल
• ओष्ठय (दोनों होंठों से) :- प, फ, फ़, ब, भ, म
• दंतौष्ठय (निचले होंठ व ऊपरी दाँतों से) :- व