HP JBT TET Mock Test - 1 - HP TET MCQ

Cognitive development refers to the way children learn and process information. It includes improvement in attention, perception, language, thinking, memory, and reasoning.

• According to Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory, our thoughts and reasoning are part of adaptation. Cognitive development follows a definite sequence of stages. Piaget described four major stages of cognitive development.

Important Points

• 'Preoperational period' lasts around 2 to 6 or 7 years of age. In this stage, the child assumes that other people feel, see, and hear exactly the same as the child does.
• It refers to the child's inability to infer the perspective of other people or to see a situation from other's points of view. In this stage, the child faces problems with the irreversibility of thought, the concept of conservation, and struggles with the idea of centration.
• Due to the Centration in thought, the child can focus his attention only on one aspect of the situation at a time and cannot reverse the direction of his thought. 

Thus, it is concluded that one characteristic of pre-operational thought is Centration.

Hint

• Conservation: It refers to the idea that a quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance. If you show a child four marbles in a row, then spread them out, the preoperational child will focus on the spread, and tend to believe that there are now more marbles than before. The concrete operational child, on the other hand, will know that there are still four marbles.
•  Horizontal décalage occurs during the concrete operational stage of cognitive development which is around the ages of 7-11. This concept is most often observed using conservation tasks that we master during this stage.

The cause of Rohit's poor performance can be either physical problems, family disturbances or his maturation process.
Rohit may not be physically fit or may be suffering from some physical ailment, which might be affecting his studies and resulting in poor performance.
There may be some disturbances at home, which may be affecting his studies. A construction work at home or a fight amongst elders could be the reason behind his recent performance.
The mental capabilities of Rohit are maturing but maybe not up to the level that is required to understand the concepts taught in the class. Thus, he might be performing poorly.
Apart from this, the teacher might lack the required knowledge of modern educational and psychological theories. This can lead to students' poor academic performance. Several other factors also lead to poor academic achievement, such as social factors, economic factors and political conditions.

Cooperation teaches the values of committing oneself to the common good, seeing success as depending on the efforts of all participants, feeling happy when others succeed, seeing others as resources to help one succeed, viewing worth as unconditional, and viewing diverse others in positive ways.
Cooperative learning is a teaching way for students to learn essential interpersonal life-skills and develop the ability to work collaboratively, a skill now greatly in demand in the workplace. Thus, it provides faster and efficient learning. In cooperative learning, the diverse students in the school are to be transformed into a symphony. Students need positive self-esteem, the psychological health to face conflict and challenge, and the social competencies required to work effectively with diverse peers. Personal and superordinate identities are developed through group processes.

The main purpose of teaching is to increase interest of all the students in the subject. The question-answer technique leads to motivation of students and increasing their self-confidence. This ensures active participation of all the students, while promoting thinking and originality.

Individual difference refers to the difference which distinguishes an individual from another on the basis of physical, emotional, or psychological characteristics.

Key Points

Children with individual differences should be taught in a school having teachers trained to:

• use different pedagogy to meet their diverse learning needs.

• perceive the significance of individual differences and needs.

• operate innovative teaching tools to address the learning gaps.

• understand the sociology of learning and major principles of child psychology.

NOTE: Remaining options are segregating children based on their abilities and skills, thus not suitable in the context.

Hence, it could be concluded that children with individual differences should be taught in a school having teachers trained to use different pedagogy to meet their diverse learning needs.

Tongue in cheek: a humorous or sarcastic statement expressed in a serious manner; in an ironic, flippant, or insincere way.
Above someone’s station: higher than suitable for position or rank.
Agitate the gravel: to get angry.
Be thin on the ground: exist in small numbers or amounts.
Hence, the correct answer is option A. 

The sentence has no error.

Atheist' is a person who strongly disbelieves in the existence of God. Option 3 is thus the correct answer.
All other alternatives have no relation to the given phrase. Stubborn stands for a person who is adamant, bogus is something that is not to be taken seriously and devout is a person who believes in God strongly.

As we can say that ,
Tangible means available physically, concretely, elusive is something that eludes, i.e, is difficult to catch, touch or understand, palpable is a synonym to tangible.
Hence , Elusive is antonym word of Tangible . 

As we can say that ,
Prolific means fecund or very productive, Barren means unproductive, reckless is wildly impulsive, profound is something with much depth (of meaning).
Therefore , Barren is antonym word of Prolific . 

'To abstain' is to stay away from some habit or some decision. None of the other options depict the same meaning.
Thus the correct answer is option 3.
Example- The leaders abstained from voting on the particular topic.

सही उत्तर 'शाश्वत' है।

• दिए गए विकल्पों में से, 'क्षणिक' शब्द का विलोम शब्द 'शाश्वत' है।
• क्षणिक का अर्थ:अस्थायी
• शाश्वत का अर्थ: सदा रहने वाला।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:

आंगिक का अर्थ: अंग चेष्टा या संकेत द्वारा अभिव्यक्त होने वाला।

Additional Information

• विलोमार्थक शब्द/ विलोम: 'विलोम’ शब्द का अर्थ है- उल्टा या विपरीत।
• अत: किसी शब्द का उल्टा अर्थ व्यक्त करने वाला शब्द विलोमार्थक शब्द कहलाता है।
• विलोमार्थक शब्दों को विपर्यायवाची, प्रतिलोमार्थक और विलोम शब्द भी कहते हैं।
• कुछ महत्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द:-

सही उत्तर है - ‘अनावृष्टि’।

• अतिवृष्टि का विलोम अनावृष्टि होगा।
• अतिवृष्टि का अर्थ : बहुत अधिक मात्रा में बारिश होना।
• अनावृष्टि का अर्थ : वर्षा का अभाव।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प:

• वृष्टि का विलोम अनावृष्टि होगा।
• मित का अर्थ - नपा तुला, सीमित।
• वृष्टि का अर्थ - पानी बरसना, वर्षा का जल।
• न्यून का अर्थ - कम, थोड़ा।
• न्यून का विलोम - अधिक

Additional Information विलोम शब्द के उदाहरण:-

• विषाद – हर्ष
• जय – पराजय
• दुर्गति – सद्गति
• अल्पायु – दीर्घायु

जिसकी उतर गई लोई उसका क्या करेगा कोई- लोकोक्ति का सही अर्थ वाला विकल्प निर्लज्ज को किसी की परवाह नहीं होती होगा।

• वाक्य प्रयोग :- जब लोगों ने उसे बिरादरी से ख़ारिज कर दिया है अब वह खुलेआम आवारागर्दी कर रहा है सही कहा जाता है कि 'जिसकी उतर गई लोई तो क्या करेगा कोई’।

Key Points अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण -

Additional Informationलोकोक्ति :- किसी विशेष स्थान पर प्रसिद्ध हो जाने वाले वाक्य को ‘लोकोक्ति’ कहते हैं।

• जब कोई पूरा कथन किसी प्रसंग विशेष में उद्धत किया जाता है तो लोकोक्ति कहलाता है। इसी को कहावत भी कहते है।
• लोकोक्ति शब्द दो शब्दों से मिलकर बना हैं – लोक + उक्ति = लोकोक्ति
• अर्थात ऐसी उक्ति जो किसी क्षेत्र विशेष में किसी विशेष अर्थ की ओर संकेत करती हैं लोकोक्ति कहलाती हैं। लोकोक्तियों को कहावत, सुक्ति आदि नामों से जाना जाता हैं।

'दोहरा लाभ' अर्थ के लिए सही लोकोक्ति है- आम के आम गुठलियों के दाम

Key Points

• 'आम के आम गुठलियों के दाम' लोकोक्ति का सही अर्थ दोहरा लाभ होना है।
• लोकोक्ति - आम के आम गुठलियों के दाम, अर्थ - दोहरा लाभ होना।
• वाक्य - पढ़ाई के लिए खरीदी पुस्तकें मैने पास होने के बाद आधे दामों में बेच भी डाली। इसे ही कहते हैं आम के आम गुठलियों के दाम।

Additional Information

Important Points

सही उत्तर है- ‘अत्यंत कम’।

• "ऊँट के मुँह में जीरा"- इस लोकोक्ति का अर्थ हैं किसी वस्तु का जरुरत से बहुत कम उपलब्ध होना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग- एक गिलास दूध मेरे लिए ऊँट के मुहं में जीरे के समान हैं।

Additional Information

लोकोक्ति की परिभाषा - ‘लोक + उक्ति’ शब्दों से मिलकर बना है जिसका अर्थ है- लोक में प्रचलित उक्ति या कथन।
जब कोई पूरा कथन किसी प्रसंग विशेष में उद्धत किया जाता है तो लोकोक्ति कहलाता है। इसी को कहावत भी कहते है।

उदाहरण-

• अंधी पीसे, कुत्ते खायें : मूर्खों को कमाई व्यर्थ नष्ट होती है।
  • वाक्य प्रयोग - राम ने उसकी मां के ना रहने पर बड़ी मुश्किल से खाना बनाया परंतु उसका पड़ोसी आकर सारा खाना खा गया, यह तो वही बात हुई अंधी पीसे कुत्ता खाए।
• अपनी पगड़ी अपने हाथ : अपनी इज्जत अपने हाथ होती है।
  • वाक्य प्रयोग - विवेक ने श्रीनाथ जी से कहा – आप यहाँ से चले जाइए, क्योंकि अपनी पगड़ी अपने हाथ होती है।

'अंधेर नगरी' प्रहसन 'भारतेन्दु हरिश्चंद्र' द्वारा रचित है।

वे हिन्दी में आधुनिकता के पहले रचनाकार थे। इनका मूल नाम 'हरिश्चन्द्र' था, 'भारतेन्दु' उनकी उपाधि थी।

वैदिकी हिंसा हिंसा न भवति, सत्य हरिश्चन्द्र, श्री चंद्रावली, विषस्य विषमौषधम् , भारत दुर्दशा, नीलदेवी, अंधेर नगरी, प्रेमजोगिनी, सती प्रताप उनकी प्रमुख कृतियाँ है।

'वाग्देवी' का सही पर्यायवाची शब्द 'केशी' नहीं है। 

केशी के पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं - पशुराज, सिंह, मृगराज, शेर, वनराज, शार्दूल, केसरी, केहरी। 

वाग्देवी के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं - वीणापाणी, महाश्वेता, हंसवाहिनी, वागीश्वरी, सरस्वती, वागेश्वरी।

Given:
x² +  1/x² = 10
Squaring both sides,

• In 1905 Viceroy Curzon partitioned Bengal.
• The partition of Bengal infuriated people all over India.
• All sections of the Congress – the Moderates and the Radicals, as they may be called – opposed it.
• Large public meetings and demonstrations were organised and novel methods of mass protest developed.
• The struggle that unfolded came to be known as the Swadeshi movement.
• Gandhi started the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920 against “Punjab wrongs” (Jallianwala massacre), the Khilafat wrong and demand swaraj. 
• The Non-Cooperation Movement gained momentum through 1921-22.
• Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges.
• Many lawyers such as Motilal Nehru, C.R. Das, C. Rajagopalachari and Asaf Ali gave up their practices during the Non-Cooperation Movement.
• British titles were surrendered and legislatures boycotted.
• People lit public bonfires of foreign cloth.

Hence, we can conclude that both the given statements (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

If we want children to learn skills by developing different kinds of skills, conceptual knowledge, feelings, and sensitiveness. A teacher can draw a broad list of indicators for assessment which can help her to plan the learning tasks. Each indicator consists of abilities that need to be developed in children like observation and recording, analysis of situation or theme, expression, critical thinking, visualization, and predicting abilities.

November 25 is recognized as the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women, a significant date designated by the United Nations to spotlight and address the global issue of violence faced by women.

Documents obtained through an RTI application by Tamil Nadu’s BJP chief K. Annamalai reveal India’s inconsistent approach to the Katchatheevu island dispute with Sri Lanka. Katchatheevu, a small island in the Palk Strait, lacks a permanent settlement and freshwater source. Administered by both India and Sri Lanka historically, a 1974 agreement marked its boundary. Indian fishermen, particularly from Tamil Nadu, face challenges due to conflicting claims over the island.

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key Points

• Tribes of Himachal Pradesh:
  • The official list of scheduled tribes in Himachal Pradesh includes a) Gaddis, b) Gujjars, c) Kinnara or Kinnauras, d) Lahaulas and e) Pangwalas apart from some other smaller tribes groups like Bhot/Bodh, Beda, Jad/Lamba/ Khampa, and Swangla.
  • The Himachal tribes generally have their abode in the upper and middle levels of the hills.
  • It is believed that most of the tribal groups of Himachal migrated from plains and adjoining areas from time to time.
  • Out of the total 55673 square kilometres, the geographical area of H.P, about 23,655 square kilometres area falls in Scheduled V, which constitutes 42.49 per cent of the total area of the state.
  • The total population living in the Scheduled Area is 173,661 of which 123,585 are tribals which constitute nearly 71.16 per cent of the total population
    living in this area.