HP JBT TET Mock Test - 10 - HP TET MCQ

Pavlov is a Russian psychologist, is also known as "Father of Conditional Reflection".

Key Points

• During his studies, he noticed that dogs, on whom he was doing his experiments, started secreting saliva as soon as they saw the empty plate in which food was served.
• These unusual responses intrigued Pavlov, and he wondered what accounted for what he called the dogs’ “psychic secretions”. Saliva secretion is a reflexive response to food or something in the mouth.

Important Points 

Pavlov designed an experiment to understand this process in detail:

• Pavlov was studying the gastric secretion of the dogs by placing meat powder in their mouth and measuring the saliva.
• A bell was sounded and immediately thereafter food (meat powder) was served to the dog. The dog was allowed to eat it.
• For the next few days, every time the meat powder was presented, it was preceded by the sound of a bell
• After several such trials, a test trial was introduced in which everything was the same as the previous trials except that no food followed the sounding of the bell.
• The dog still salivated to the sound of the bell, expecting presentation of the meat powder as the sound of the bell had come to be connected with it.
• This association between the bell and food resulted in the acquisition of a new response by the dog, i.e. salivation to the sound of the bell. This has been termed as conditioning.
• All dogs salivate when they are presented with food. Food is thus an Unconditioned Stimulus (US) and salivation which follows it, and Unconditioned Response (UR).
• After conditioning, salivation started to occur in the presence of the sound of the bell. The bell becomes a Conditioned Stimulus (CS) and saliva secretion a Conditioned Response (CR). This kind of conditioning is called classical conditioning.

Hence, we conclude that Ivan Pavlov in his experiment called the dog’s anticipatory salivation as psychic secretion.

The teaching-learning process takes place in three phases. Evaluation is integral to the teaching-learning process as it helps in facilitating student learning and improving instruction.

• It is a systematic way of collecting information to make a judgment about student learning. 
• There are two different types of evaluation which include a summative and formative evaluation.

Key Points

• The summative assessment measures the overall performance of the students at the end of the course activity.
• The purpose of this type of assessment is the classification, comparison, and promotion of the students.
• Its results are used for certification and passing judgment on students' achievements.
• In summative evaluation, there are external examinations as well as teacher-made tests, ratings, etc.
• Although the main purpose of summative evaluation is assigning grades, it also provides information for judging the appropriateness of the course objectives and the effectiveness of instruction.

Hence, it is clear that option 1 is correct.

Additional Information

• ​The purpose of formative assessment is to diagnose the strength and weaknesses of the student.

A curriculum is a set of predetermined actions that are intended to carry out a certain educational goal. It comprises assertions of the selection criteria for the topic to be taught, as well as decisions about the techniques, resources, and assessment to be used.Key Points 

Overt curriculum:

• The terms explicit curriculum and intended curriculum are also used to describe overt curriculum.
• It covers all the extracurricular and co-curricular activities that the school, college, or university organization has purposefully designed to be provided to the learners.
• It contains information that learners are explicit to be given, including knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values. An overt curriculum is created by keeping the school's aims and objectives in mind.
• As a result, it is limited to written understandings that have been explicitly created by curriculum designers and administrators.

Hence, it is concluded that Overt Curriculum involves experiences that are intentionally planned by the school, college or university organization to be provided to the learners.

Additional Information

• Implicit/hidden curriculum is all the things that student pick up throughout their academic career that is not explicitly taught as part of the formal curriculum.
• Null curriculum is also known as an excluded curriculum which focuses on what not to teach in schools.

The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 is the disability legislation passed by the Indian Parliament to fulfill its obligation to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which India ratified in 2007.

Key Points

• The RPWD Act, 2016 provides that “the appropriate Government shall ensure that the PWD enjoy the right to equality, life with dignity, and respect for his or her integrity equally with others.” The Government is to take steps to utilize the capacity of the PWD by providing an appropriate environment.
• The acts encourage the government to establish more special schools for disabled persons.
• The Act replaced the existing Persons With Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995.
• These acts mandated the government to build and equipped all its offices with Ramp and disabled persons friendly.

Hence, we can conclude that Only । is not correct about the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act.

Key Points

The main purpose of assessment is to understand students' progress and challenges in the learning process.

• Assessment is a process of gathering information about student learning. It can be used to measure student achievement, identify student strengths and weaknesses, and plan future instruction.
• There are many different types of assessment, including formative assessment, summative assessment, and diagnostic assessment.
• Formative assessment is used to provide feedback to students on their progress. It is typically used on a regular basis to help students learn and improve.
• Summative assessment is used to measure student achievement at the end of a unit or course. It is typically used to assign grades.
• Diagnostic assessment is used to identify student strengths and weaknesses. It is typically used at the beginning of a unit or course to plan future instruction

In conclusion, the main purpose of assessment is to understand students' progress and challenges in the learning process. It can be a valuable tool for teachers and students, but it is important to use it in a way that is fair and supportive.

It is based on personal choice of a teacher whether to take interest in politics or not. He/she is not expected to do so.

Excessive strictness is a negative trait that can lead to resistance in students. The teacher must strive to create an atmosphere where the students can learn without fearing of being ridiculed or belittled. They need an environment which is safe to learn by their mistakes.

Questions take learning forward by interactions and lead to conceptual clarity. Thus, students should be encouraged to ask the questions. Question-asking puts advanced cognitive demand on students. It encourages students to think beyond literal questions.

The curriculum is the full set of subjects constituting a course of study / a program of study in a school or a college. Along with curricular subjects, it covers all scholastic and co-scholastic activities. Therefore, the curriculum comprises the totality of all educational experiences associated with a program of study.Key Points 

• The traditional curriculum was centered around subject-centered and teachers predominates in it.
• In Traditional curriculum, the greatest emphasis is on facts, principles, and skills in the subject concerned. 
• The purpose of traditional curriculum is to offer quality instruction and ensure active mode of learning in the classroom.
• In this curriculum, the teacher plays a pivotal role in scheduling and carrying out lectures, s/he carries out instructional planning and its implementation. 

Hence, we can conclude that 'Developing problem-solving and critical thinking skills' is not an advantage of the traditional perspective of curriculum.

Additional Information

• Competency-based curriculum emphasizes on the learner-centered approach with its focus on the changing needs of students, teachers, and society. The competencies like self-efficacy, citizenship, digital literacy, communication, and collaboration, learning to learn, imagination and creativity, critical thinking and problem-solving competencies could be developed through competency-based curriculum.

The poet's sense of humor makes him think that his nose is the funniest thing.

Phonics is a method of teaching reading and writing any language by developing a learner's ability to hear and by associating the character's identity with different sounds. For example, it is a method used to teach reading by learning the sounds that groups of letters make when spoken. Hence, the correct answer is Phonics.

​The word Latter(adjective) means- "near or towards the end of something". 
E.g: In the latter stages of the fight he began to tire.​
​The antonyms of the given word Latter are-  'Former', 'foremost', 'starting', 'primary, etc.
From the antonyms of the given word, we can say that the word 'Former' (option 3) is the opposite in meaning.
The word Former(adjective) means- "of or in an earlier time; before the present time or in the past".
E.g: A former employer.
​Hence, the correct option is Option 3).

• According to the line given in the passage, Often a leader or despot will combine the function of the priesthood with its own temporal rule for the sake of greater security, or an alliance may exist between the interests of political power and the priestly caste.
• The meaning of the word 'Despotic' is- A ruler who exercises absolute power, especially in a cruel or oppressive way.
• In the given lines, the speaker says that 'an alliance may exist between the interests of political power and the priestly caste.' this states that by joining hands with the despotic rulers' priests can acquire the political powers.

So the correct answer is- Option 1.

दिए गए मुहावरे का सही अर्थ 'अच्छी-अच्छी बातें कहकर बहकाना' होगा।

• मुहावरा - सब्ज़ बाग़ दिखाना
• अर्थ - अच्छी-अच्छी बातें कहकर बहकाना
• वाक्य प्रयोग - नौकरी दिलाने ‌‌‌का ​सब्ज़ बाग़​ दिखाकर आज-कल लोग फरार हो जाते हैं।

Key Points

• जब कोई वाक्यांश अपने सामान्य अर्थ को छोड़ किसी विशेष अर्थ में रूढ़ हो जाता है उसे ही मुहावरा कहते हैं।

सही उत्तर 'त्यौहार' हैं।

• दिए गए विकल्पों में वर्तनी की दृष्टि से 'त्यौहार' अशुद्ध शब्द हैं।
• त्यौहार का शुद्ध रूप – त्योहार
• वाक्य प्रयोग - दशहरा क्षत्रियों का त्योहार माना गया था।
• जो शब्द हिंदी व्याकरण के नियमों को पूरा करते हुए वर्तनी की दृष्टि से सटीक हो, शुद्ध शब्द कहलाते है। उच्चारण से इनकी पुष्टि होती है।
• अन्य सभी विकल्प वर्तनी की दृष्टि से शुद्ध रूप में हैं।

Key Points

कुछ अन्य शब्द:

कुछ शब्द सदैव बहुवचन के रूप में ही प्रयोग किये जाते हैं;

• जैसे - हस्ताक्षर, आँसू, दर्शन, प्राण, दाम, अक्षत, लोग आदि ।

कुछ शब्द सदैव एकवचन के रूप में ही प्रयोग होते हैं;

• जैसे - बारिश, पानी, दूध, घी, दही, आकाश, जनता आदि ।

एकवचन

• शब्द के जिस रूप से एक ही वस्तु का बोध हो, उसे एकवचन कहते हैं।
• कपड़ा, माता, माला, पुस्तक, स्त्री, टोपी बंदर, मोर आदि।

बहुवचन

• शब्द के जिस रूप से अनेकता का बोध हो उसे बहुवचन कहते हैं।
• स्त्रियाँ, बेटे, बेटियाँ, केले, गमले, चूहे, तोते, घोड़े, हम, वे, ये, लताएँ, गाड़ियाँ, रुपए आदि।

• तीन तेरह होना - तितर बितर कर देना
• जैसे - भारतीय सैनिक ने आतंकवादियों को तीन तेरह कर दिया।
• आगे नाथ न पीछे पगहा - बन्धनहीन
• जैसे - रमेश का क्या है वह शाम तक रुके या रात तक रुके उसके तो न आगे नाथ न पीछे पगहा।
• एक टकसाल के ढले हैं - सब एक जैसे हैं।
• जैसे - फैक्ट्री के कर्मचारियों को क्या कहोगे सब एक टकसाल के ढले हैं।
• आँख के अंधे गाँठ के पूरे - मूर्ख लेकिन धनवान
• जैसे -आजकल आँख के अंधे गाँठ के पूरे व्यक्ति मुकदमेबाज़ी अधिक करते हैं।

"ध" और "द"  दंत्य वर्ण है। 

दन्त्य वर्ण- जिन वर्णों का उच्चारण ऊपर के दांतों पर जीभ के लगने से होता है, उसे दन्त्य वर्ण कहते हैं। जैसे- त, थ, द, ध, न, ल, और दन्त्य स।

Making personal connection with others and solving real-world problems are the interpersonal skills of mathematics students.

Hexagon is such a shape that has six sides so a hexagonal pyramid means that the base of the pyramid will be hexagonal in shape, i.e., it has a hexagonal base and the upper portion of the pyramid has triangles. The number of triangles is equal to the no. of sides the hexagon is having. So, the correct answer is, 'the hexagonal pyramid consists of a hexagonal base along with six triangular faces meeting at a particular point forming a hexagonal pyramid-like pattern'.

Hence, Option D is correct.

Visual memory is a form of memory that describes the relationship between perceptual processing and the storage, encoding and retrieval of the resulting representations. It is a memory that preserves some characteristics of our senses pertaining to a visual experience. If a child is facing a problem of visual memory it will create difficulty in retaining Mathematical facts and difficulty in telling time. 
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Difficulty in retaining Mathematical facts and difficulty in telling time.'

Mathematics is the study of geometrical figures, their co-relation, and their dependency on each other. It deals with quantity, measurement, and spatial relationships.

Herbicides, also known as weed killers, are pesticides used to control the growth of plants.

The correct answer is Lok Sabha.

Key Points

• Money Bill:
  • A money bill is defined by Article 110 of the Constitution, as a draft law that contains only provisions that deal with all or any of the matters listed therein.
  • These comprise a set of seven features, broadly including items such as the imposition or regulation of a tax; the regulation of the borrowing of money by the Government of India; the withdrawal of money from the Consolidated Fund of India; and so forth.
  • In the event proposed legislation contains other features, ones that are not merely incidental to the items specifically outlined, such a draft law cannot be classified as a money bill.
  • Article 110 further clarifies that in cases where a dispute arises over whether a bill is a money bill or not, the Lok Sabha Speaker’s decision on the issue shall be considered final.

Additional Information

• According to Article 110 of the Indian Constitution, a bill is deemed to be a money bill if it contains ‘only’ provisions dealing with all or any of the following matters:
  • The imposition, abolition, remission, alteration, or regulation of any tax.
  • The regulation of the borrowing of money by the Union government.
  • The custody of the Consolidated Fund of India or the contingency fund of India, the payment of amounts of money into or the withdrawal of money from any such fund.
  • The appropriation of money out of the Consolidated Fund of India.
  • Declaration of any expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India or increasing the amount of any such expenditure.
  • The receipt of money on account of the Consolidated Fund of India or the public account of India or the custody or issue of such money, or the audit of the accounts of the Union or of a state.
• According to Article 109 clause 5 of the Indian Constitution, if a Money Bill passed by the House of the People and transmitted to the Council of States for its recommendations is not returned to the House of the People within the said period of 14 days, it shall be deemed to have been passed by both Houses at the expiration of the said period in the form in which it was passed by the House of the People

The correct answer is Federal.

Key Points

• 'Federal' is NOT mentioned in the Preamble of the Constitution of India.
• The Preamble of the Constitution of India provides for the liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship.
• The ideals behind the Preamble were laid down by Jawaharlal Nehru’s Objectives Resolution, adopted by the Constituent Assembly on January 22, 1947.
• The Preamble's Four Components are:
  • It states that the Constitution's source of authority lies with the people of India.
  • It declares that India is a country that is Sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic and republic.
  • It sets out its priorities of maintaining justice, freedom and equality for all people and fostering fraternity in order to preserve the nation's unity and dignity.
  • It cites the date on which the constitution was adopted (November 26, 1949).

World NGO Day, celebrated annually on February 27, acknowledges the vital role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) globally. Over 89 countries and 6 continents participate. The day promotes active engagement in NGOs, advocates for collaboration between NGOs and public-private sectors, and raises awareness among the needy about the impactful work of NGOs. The 2024 theme, “Building a Sustainable Future: The Role of NGOs in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals,” emphasizes their crucial contribution to global sustainability.

The correct answer is First.

Key Points

• Himachal Pradesh Panchayati raj department wins 1^st prize under e-Panchayat Puraskars 2020 for effective implementation of e-applications, developed by the central government & other applications developed by the state government.
• The prize will be given by the Union Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
• All 3,226 panchayats of Himachal Pradesh were provided with internet facilities to help people access various services online like family registration, registration of birth, death and marriages.
• The e-panchayat puraskar is given to states that have made maximum use of Information Technology to monitor the works of the panchayat.