KVS TGT Math Mock Test - 4 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

Tongue in cheek: a humorous or sarcastic statement expressed in a serious manner; in an ironic, flippant, or insincere way.
Above someone’s station: higher than suitable for position or rank.
Agitate the gravel: to get angry.
Be thin on the ground: exist in small numbers or amounts.
Hence, the correct answer is option A. 

'प्रखर' का उचित विलोम शब्द 'मंद' है। 

प्रखर के पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं- उत्तुंग, उत्कृष्ट, ऊँचा, उत्तम, श्रेष्ठ, बुलंद, उन्नत। 

मंद के पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं - धीमा, सुस्त, ढीला।

प्रखर दो शब्दों के योग से अर्थात 'प्र + खर' से बना है।

शब्द जब वाक्य में प्रयुक्त होने की योग्यता प्राप्त करता है; तो पद कहलाता है।Key Points

• जब कोई शब्द व्याकरण के नियमो, प्रत्यय, उपसर्ग,वचन,लिंग,कारक,पुरुष आदि में बंधकर किसी वाक्य मे प्रयुक्त होता है तो वह शब्द स्वतंत्र शब्द न रहकर पद बन जाता है।
• उदाहरण - ईश्वर रक्षा करे, इसमें ईश्वर शब्द पद है।

Additional Information

The Jules Rimet Trophy was the original trophy awarded to the winners of the FIFA World Cup. It was named after the FIFA president Jules Rimet. However, it was later replaced by the current FIFA World Cup Trophy in 1974.

As teaching is done by 'Teachers' in the 'College' similarly treatment is done by 'Doctors' in the 'Hospital'.

Childhood begins when the relative dependency of babyhood is over, at approximately the age of two years, and extends to the time when the child becomes sexually mature, at about thirteen years on average for a girl and fourteen for a boy. After children become sexually mature, they are known as adolescents.Key Points

• During this long period of time about eleven years for girls and twelve years for boys, marked changes occur in the child both physically and psychologically.
• As boys begin their puberty growth spurt approximately a year later than girls, they tend to be slightly
  shorter and lighter in weight than girls of the same age.
• The growth spurt is completed in girls around the age of 17-19 years as the growth spurt starts in them early all changes happen in them till the age of 19.
• Boys begin growing later than girls and carry on for longer, after the girls have stopped growing. The growth spurt in boys begins around 13- 14 years and ends at 16-17 years.

​​​​Hence, statement I is correct. 

Piaget identified four stages in the cognitive development process from infancy to adolescence. Each stage represents different qualities of thought and is built on the abilities acquired during the previous stage. 

Key Points 

Cognitive growth during adolescence involves not only adding more facts to one's storehouse of knowledge but also qualitative increases in intellectual abilities with more complicated problems in daily life. The characteristic of adolescence are:

• Developed analytical ability and power to synthesize.
• Developed discriminatory power and personal fable.
• Developed the ability to make an accurate generalization.
• Developed the ability in manipulating abstract knowledge.
• Preference for the scientific method over the trial and error method.
• Increased ability to investigate infinite options instead of only two-valued orientation.
• Tendency to self-criticize and evaluate one's self.
• Preference for logical decision-making and rationality
• Developed a sense of moral maturity at the adolescence level 

Thus, it is concluded that according to Piaget, a personal fable is a characteristic of adolescence.

Individual differences are the psychological characteristics that differentiate one person from another. Each person has their own personality, identity, values, and their own unique characteristics i.e., each one possesses a different level of intelligence and aptitudes. 

•  It is very important for a teacher to know the individual differences among students for an effective and productive teaching-learning process.
• The knowledge of individual differences will help a teacher to adjust the curriculum, teaching strategies, and methods for the benefit of students.

Key Points​ Achievement differences refer to the disparity in academic performance between students.

Following are the practices that are important to reduce achievement differences among students:-

• Having high expectations from all students and to reward them for their accomplishment:- Teachers having high expectations and students getting rewarded for their good work leads to the student's achievement. They are encouraged to learn more and more.
• Interesting teaching incorporating a variety of learning aids:- Teaching becomes interesting when a teacher uses different learning aids because it directly involves the student in the teaching-learning process.
• Promoting student engagement and involvement in school:-Student engagement contributes to a safe, positive, and creative school climate and culture AND enhances their achievement in studies.

Thus, it is concluded that Not giving students autonomy to choose their own activities during class practice is considered least important to reduce achievement differences among students.

Hint Not giving students autonomy to choose their own activities during class is least important to reduce achievement differences as autonomy should be provided to the students in the class as it will lead to higher level of acheivement,motivation and learning.

ICT refers to Information and Communication Technology which is defined as a diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information. 

Key Points

ICT gives many advantages to its users. The role of the learner in ICT teaching-learning is essential because: 

• They engage in collaboratory learning with other people in accessing the resources. Therefore, it shifts the learning from solitary learning to learning with others.
• It makes the learning more active in nature as there is direct interaction of the learner with ICT tools. The learner can learn according to his/her pace, hence making it not passive in nature.
• ICT helps in numerous ways in enriching education. It places the learner at the center and encourages collaborative learning in the classroom.

Thus, we can conclude that if a teacher uses ICT based methods in the classroom, the role of the learner will be Collaborative.

Children with special needs (CWSN) are those who have some form of physical or cognitive impairment and require extra aid, care, and different teaching and learning methodologies as they might experience learning challenges.

• To suit the academic and personal requirements of children, they may require customized physical infrastructure and teaching approaches.
• Students with special needs can be classified into five categories :
  • Physical impairment
  • Visual impairment
  • Hearing and speech impairment
  • Low mental ability
  • Learning disability

 Key Points Hearing impairment affects the ability of a person to communicate freely and effectively with hearing persons, share ideas and feelings, and express oneself. The inability to hear interferes with the learning and performance of children.

• Hearing impairment does not automatically lead to the inability to speak. It is a barrier to the normal development of language. However, people with hearing impairment can be taught how to communicate effectively with others.
• A person with a hearing impairment is not necessarily retarded. Her intellectual capacities may be equal to or even better than those of a normal person. 
• Hearing impairment has a wide range of gradation - from profound to a partial loss of hearing. 
• It is believed that some amount of residual hearing is present in all people with hearing impairment. 
• A hearing aid is helpful for all people with hearing problems.
• Early detection of hearing loss and training is essential to help the child make use of whatever hearing she has and to help her develop communication skills. 

Thus, it can be inferred that there is a general misunderstanding that hearing impaired children cannot perceive sounds whereas in fact most of these children have a residual hearing.

Hint

• The cochlear implant is a surgically implanted hearing aid.
• Conductive hearing loss happens when sound waves are unable to move from the outer ear to the eardrum.
• Communicative competence is defined as an individual's ability to communicate or converse effectively and articulately.
  • to describe, and account for, the ability that speakers and listeners have in order to convey and interpret messages or communicate appropriately in different social contexts. 
  • This term is coined by Dell Hymes.

Additional InformationEducation of disabled students :

• Students with hearing problems should be asked to sit near the teacher for improved listening.
• The teacher should use a reasonable level of pitch (voice) while speaking.
• The teacher should avoid mumbling and speaking too fast.
• While reading from the textbook, the teacher's lips should be visible to the students so that they are able to supplement listening by lip-reading.
• While speaking or writing on the blackboard, the teacher should face the students. 

The teacher is a pillar in the teaching-learning process. In the present context, a teacher is not merely a disseminator of knowledge, rather plays a variety of roles. The teacher has to play diverse roles like a planner, facilitator, co-creator of knowledge, leader in the classroom and outside the classroom, manager, counselor, and apart from that, a true human being. Key Points

Teacher act as Dynamic Leader: When the notion of ‘Leader’ is suffixed with the teacher, it is often viewed as Leadership in Teachers’ Association. In teaching-learning, it is not so a microscopic view. By definition, “leadership is the ability to lead a group, motivate to complete the given task, and share the responsibility and accountability of the task”. As a leader, the teacher must try to be dynamic to be positive in attitude and full of energy, and have new ideas. Also, a dynamic leader measures his and other's leadership abilities by their ability to empower others. It means a teacher has to perform various dynamic leadership roles, which could be classified in two ways:

• leadership in the classroom: When we talk about leadership in the classroom, it means a teacher has to lead the class either to complete a task or sometimes to develop and maintain positive and effective relationships among the class. 
• leadership roles in school: Whereas when we think of teachers’ leadership roles in school, we generally count his/her role in various school committees, responsibilities to organize various events, co-curricular activities as well as professional development activities for fellow teachers. In this role, it is expected from a teacher that his/her professional aim should be in sync with the school’s vision and mission. Teachers should share various responsibilities in the school, or with the management for the success and betterment of the school.

Additional Information

Following skills, which are common among teacher leaders are:

1. Trust Building: A teacher-leader always believes in having trust in others as well as develops an environment where people can trust him/her. For leading a group, one needs to develop a rapport among those with whom the task is to be performed. This is an essential skill for a leader without which sharing of responsibilities is not possible
2. Diagnosing Institutional Conditions: A good teacher-leader is also well aware of the institutional conditions. It includes the working environment, freedom of work, and willingness of management of the school/institution for experimentation. S/he diagnoses the situation before planning or suggesting for any event or activity as well as analyze the scope for his/her role.
3. Dealing with Processes: You must have observed that while organizing any activity Teacher in Diverse Role, the leader has to deal with certain processes. Sometimes, these may be internal like approval from the discipline group or management committee, or finance committee. Sometimes, there may be various processes involved with outside agencies or government bodies. A teacher-leader always identifies such processes and ready to deal with all such processes.
4. Work Management: Leadership involves the mobilization of various persons associated with you, which may be your learners or colleagues. A good teacher-leader always knows how to share work, how to motivate all for achieving a common target, and how to build a team.

From the above, we can conclude that as a leader, the teacher must try to be dynamic.

Adjustment means the reaction to the demands and pressures of the social environment imposed upon the individual. The demand to which the individual has to react may be external or internal. Psychologists have viewed 'adjustment' from two important perspectives. For one, adjustment is an achievement and for another, adjustment is a process. The first point of view emphasizes the quality or efficiency of adjustment and the second lays emphasis on the process by which an individual adjusts to his external environment. 

Key Points

However, as a teacher, what is your role towards your students when they face such problems or situations? The implications are analysed and discussed as follows. The role of the teacher is to: 

• Identify the problem and maladjusted children
• Reinforce the isolated
• Transform aggression
• Encourage healthy development of self
  • If you, as a teacher, possess values like honesty, truthfulness, sincerity and perseverance, naturally the students will develop the same sentiments towards you and admire you. By emulating the personality of such teachers, they develop master-sentiment in themselves. Apart from this, you should encourage the students to read autobiographies of great personalities like Mahatma Gandhi. Vlvekananda, Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad, Ambedkar, etc. 
• Train in will-power
• Refurbish the skills of counselling

Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that the role of the teacher in encouraging healthy development of self in students is to possess values like honesty, truthfulness, sincerity and perseverance.

The correct answer is 1 and 2 only.

Key Points

• Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (RTE Act):
  • The act provides to every child of the age of six to fourteen years the right to free and compulsory education in a neighborhood school till the completion of elementary education.
  • It provides an institutional mechanism for the protection of the rights of the child through the National/ State Commissions for Protection of Child Rights.

Important Points

• Children are entitled to the following under RTE:
  • Special Training for age-appropriate education: The RTE Act specifically provides an opportunity for admission to all such out-of-school children in the age-appropriate classes and continues support to them till the completion of the elementary stage for the achievement of Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE).
  • Mid-day Meal: Everyone has a fundamental right to be free from hunger, thus it is the responsibility of the state to provide free mid-day meals to the students of the elementary stage.
  • Play material
  • Transportation
  • Sports equipment
  • Library with books, newspapers, magazines
  • Free Textbooks & uniforms.
• No direct or indirect costs on uniforms, textbooks, midday meal transportation, etc need to be borne by the child or parents to obtain elementary education.

Confusion Points

Pre School learning:

• Pre-school learning is not conferred under the RTE Act, 2009 as RTE is concerned with the free and compulsory education of children of the age of six to fourteen years.
• RTE is not so rigid about pre-schooling, instead, it leaves the decision on the concerned government.
• The appropriate government may make necessary arrangements if the situation demands so.

Additional Information

• Early childhood education (ECE) programs include any type of educational program that serves children in the preschool years and is designed to improve later school performance.
• Early childhood care and education (ECCE) is more than preparation for primary school. It aims at the holistic development of a child's social, emotional, cognitive, and physical needs to build a solid and broad foundation for lifelong learning and wellbeing.
• Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) in the Indian context is generally defined as the care and education of children from birth to eight years. Early childhood education (ECE) programs for 3-6-year-olds (as seen in anganwadis, balwadis, nurseries, preschools, kindergartens, preparatory schools, etc.).

Hence, we conclude that free textbooks and uniforms, and mid-day meals are conferred under the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009.

Schools contribute majorly to the overall development of children. They are responsible for the growth and development of children in various aspects. 

Important Points

• Parent-Teacher Association ensures effective and cooperative learning with the involvement of parents, teachers, and staff of the school.
  • It facilitates parental participation in the school to monitor and support the progress of the child.
  • The parent-teacher meeting benefits both the teacher and parent to agree about the goal and achievement of the child.
• For effective functioning of School Management, the responsibility lies on its various stakeholders.
• The term stakeholders mean all those individuals, groups, and organizations who have an interest in the school and its success.
• These stakeholders include the Principal, administrators, teachers, managers, boards, non-teaching staff and parents (by actively participating in the school management committee, PTA meetings, etc) and other community members who play either a direct or indirect role in the efficient management of a school.
• So, PTA, board, and staff communicate closely and regularly so that all sectors of the school community are working effectively towards achieving common goals.

Hence, option 4 is correct.

National Curriculum Framework, 2005, published by NCERT, is quite significant for bringing contemporary changes in school and teacher education curriculum. Keeping in view the changing perspectives and contexts of school education across the globe, necessary curricular changes have been recommended in NCF, 2005.

Key Points

The major features of NCF, 2005 has been articulated in five different areas of School Curriculum, are ‘Perspectives of Education’; ‘Learning and Knowledge’; ‘Curricular Areas, School Stages and Assessment’; ‘School and Classroom Environment’; and ‘Systemic Reforms’.

• Learning and Knowledge-
  • To focus on the holistic development of the students to enhance their physical and mental development.
  • To create an inclusive environment in the schools and classrooms for all students.
  • To provide ample opportunity in the school for children to voice their thoughts, curiosity, and questions in curricular practices.
  • Bringing children to connect their knowledge across disciplinary boundaries and to help them construct their knowledge.
  • Engaging learners in observation, exploration, discovery, analyzing, critical reflection, inquiry etc. with the content knowledge.
  • Connecting children’s experiences and local knowledge with the content presented in the textbooks and practice of pedagogy.
  • Encouraging students to interact with peers, teachers and other people would open up many more rich learning opportunities. 

Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that according to NCF, the curriculum should focus on the holistic development of the learners to enhance their mental and physical abilities.

Circumference of a circle = 2πr
= 2*22/7*28
= 2*22*4
= 176
now, perimeter of square = circumference of a circle = 176
Therefore, side of square = perimeter/4
= 176/4
= 44 answer.

S₃₁ = 31/2(2a + 30d)
a₁₆ = a + 15d = m
⇒ S₃₁ = (31/2) x 2(a + 15d) ⇒ S₃₁ = 31 m

∠A + ∠C = 180º ...(1)

Also, ∠A - ∠C = 60º ...(2)

On solving (i) and (ii), we get

∠A = 120º, ∠C = 60º

p(-2) = 7 - 3(-2) + 2(-2)²

         = 7+6+8 = 21

For ax² + bx + c = 0 to be a quadratic equation a0because if a is zero then ax² = 0 So we are left with only bx + c = 0 which is a linear equation in one variable. So to be a quadratic equation ax² cannot be zero.

If side of square is 'a', then √2a = 10 Squaring both sides, 2a² =100 a² = 50 Area is 50 sqcm.

The altitudes of a triangle are the line segments drawn from each side of the triangle to the angle opposite that side, such that the line segment is perpendicular to the side it is drawn from. In an isosceles triangle, only the altitudes of the legs of equal length in the triangle are congruent. 

The length of the longest rod that can fit in a cubical vessel of side 10 cm is equal to the length of the diagonal of the cube. Using the Pythagorean theorem, the length of the diagonal of the cube can be found as:Diagonal = √(length² + breadth² + height²)
Diagonal = √(10² + 10² + 10²)
Diagonal = √300
Diagonal = 10√3 cmTherefore, the length of the longest rod that can fit in a cubical vessel of side 10 cm is 10√3 cm, which corresponds to option C.

ANSWER :- b

Solution :- Area of rec. park=(120×90)m²=10800m²

Area of rec. park excluding lawn=2950m²

Area of circular lawn=(10800 - 2950)m²

=7850m²

Let the radius be = r

7850/3.14 = 3.14r²/3.14

→2500 = r²

→√2500 = √r²

→50 = r

→r = 50

Radius = 50m

We have an AP : 
Here a= 
l=a+(n-1)d

Find the HCF of 65 and 117,

117 = 1×65 + 52

65 = 1× 52 + 13

52 = 4 ×13 + 0

∴ HCF of 65 and 117 is 13.

65m - 117 = 13

65m = 117+13 = 130

∴m =130/65 = 2

Let the length of the shadow BC be 10 meters.
Then the height of the tower AB be 10 meter