HSSC TGT Math Mock Test - 2 - HSSC PGT/TGT MCQ

Explanation:

Air pollution control Act:

• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 was a law passed by the Parliament of India to prevent and control the harmful effects of air pollution in India.
• This act is seen as the first concrete step taken by the Government of India to combat air pollution. 
• Act to provide for the prevention, control, and abatement of air pollution, for the establishment, with a view to carrying out the aforesaid purposes, of Boards, for conferring on and assigning to such Boards powers and functions relating thereto. And whereas it is considered necessary to implement the decisions aforesaid in so far as they relate to the preservation of the quality of air and control of air pollution.

Water pollution control Act:

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in 1974 to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution, and for the maintaining or restoring of the wholesomeness of water in the country. The Act was amended in 1988.

Noise Pollution Act:

• Noise Pollution (Control and Regulation) Rules 1999 was published under the notification number S.O. 528 (E), dated the 28th June 1999, objections and suggestions are invited from all persons likely to be affected, before the expiry of a period of sixty days from the date on which copies of the Gazette containing the said notification. made available to the heinous.

Biodiversity Act:

• The Biological Diversity Act 2002 is an Act enacted by the Parliament of India to protect or preservation of biological diversity in India and provides a mechanism for equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use of traditional biological resources and knowledge.
• Act to provide for the conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use of biological resources, knowledge, and matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

The Correct answer is David Kolb

Experiential learning is learning by doing. David Kolb is best known for his work on experiential learning theory or ELT. 

Important Points

David A. Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory:

The experiential learning theory works in four stages—

• Step 1:Concrete learning is when a learner gets a new experience, or interprets a past experience in a new way. 
• Step 2: Reflective observation comes next, where the learner reflects on their experience personally. They use the lens of their experience and understanding to reflect on what this experience means.
• Step 3: Abstract conceptualization happens as the learner forms new ideas or adjusts their thinking based on the experience and their reflection about it.
• Step 4; Active experimentation is where the learner applies the new ideas to the world around them, to see if there are any modifications to be made. This process can happen over a short period of time, or over a long span of time. 

​ 

Additional Information

• Kurt Lewin
  • He is known as the father of modern social psychology
  • Lewin's theory also contributed to the concurrent cognitive fieM psychology. 
  • Kurt Lewin’s field theory proposed that behavior is the result of the individual and the environment.
• Educational Thoughts of John Dewey
  • he a major educational reformer for the 20th century
  • John Dewey’s concept of education is based upon the philosophy of pragmatism.
  • Dewey believed that knowledge is resultant of action.
  • According to him, change is the reality of the world. 
• Benjamin Samuel Bloom's theory of mastery learning: 
  • It is an instructional strategy and educational philosophy, first formally proposed by Benjamin Bloom in 1968.
  • Mastery learning maintains that students must achieve a level of mastery (e.g., 90% on a knowledge test) in prerequisite knowledge before moving forward to learn subsequent information.
  • If a student does not achieve mastery on the test, they are given additional support in learning and reviewing the information and then tested again. 
  • This cycle continues until the learner accomplishes mastery, and they may then move on to the next stage

The correct answer is the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981.

Key Points

• Section 2(a) of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981:
  • It defines an ‘air pollutant’ as any solid liquid or gaseous substance which may cause harm or damage to the environment, humans, plants, animals, or even damage property.
  • A 1987 amendment to the act also added ‘noise’ to the list of harmful substances.
  • Thus, the provisions of the Air Act, became applicable in respect of noise pollution, also.

Additional Information 

• Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981:
  • Air pollution is defined as the presence of any liquid or gaseous substances in the atmosphere in such a concentration which tends to be injurious to man, animals, plants or the environment.
  • The Air Act was passed under Article 253 of the Constitution of India and in pursuance of the decisions of the Stockholm Conference.
  • Objective:
    • to provide means for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution in order to preserve the quality of air.
  • Pollution board's duties: The Central and State Water Boards have been entrusted with the task of controlling and preventing air pollution. 

Concept:

• The vibrations of an object produce sound.
• Our ears perceive sound.
• Unwanted sound, which affects the well-being of individuals/society, is termed noise.
• The level of sound is measured in Decibel (dB).
• It starts from 0.
• Sound up to 25 dB is called silence, as the human ear can’t perceive it.
• 26-65 dB is called quiet.
• Above 66 dB is noise
• Above 75 dB is excessive noise.
• Human health suffers up to 80 dB.
• Above 90 dB is dangerous.

Explanation:

Military Rifle

• The amount of fuel in the cartridge determines how much noise is created when the weapon is fired.
• When the weapon is fired, the exploding propellant creates a pressure spike.
• This travels down the barrel of the gun.
• This changes into a spherically expanding shock wave as it leaves the barrel.
• This supersonic shock wave is the muzzle blast creating noise.
• The sound ranges from 150-175 dB.

Thus, the loudest sound of noise comes from military rifles.

Additional Information

Air raid siren

• The air raid siren produces sound by drawing in the air as it rotates.
• This is then fragmented and thrown out of the horn.
• The faster the rotation louder is the sound
• The contemporary sirens can create sound up to 135 dB at 100 feet.

Loudspeakers

•  Sound is produced by the vibration of the thin diaphragm .
• This disrupts the air pressure around it.
• It is disrupted in the form of the original sound wave.
• An amplified audio signal causes the diaphragm to vibrate.
• The audio signal has the same waveform as the sound wave.
• 75 dB is the maximum permissible loudspeaker decibel limit in India.

Rock music

• The decibel range is 90-120 dB.

The correct answer is Saline and Alkaline Soils.

Key Points

Saline and Alkaline Soils

• They are also known as Usara soils.
• Various local names for saline soils are Reh, Kallar, Chopan, Rakar, Thur, Karl, etc. Hence, Option 3 is correct.
• These soils have developed in areas with dry climatic conditions accompanied by a lack of proper drainage.
• In this situation, salts of sodium, calcium, and magnesium are deposited on the upper layer of the soil by capillary action.
• Some of the salts are transported in solution by the rivers.
• These soils are also formed when saline water spreads on the land at the time of high tide in coastal areas.
• Their texture ranges from sandy to loamy.
• Saline and Alkaline Soils occupy 68,000 sq km of area.
• Parts of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab (side effects of improper or excess irrigation), Rajasthan and Maharashtra have this kind of soil.
• The accumulation of these salts makes the soil infertile and renders it unfit for agriculture.

• As per the 2011 census, the population of Haryana was 2 per cent of India in 2011.
• The actual population of Haryana was 2,53,51,462, approximate 2.54 crores.
• The sex ratio of Haryana was 879, according to the 2011 census.
• The literacy ratio of Haryana was 75.55%, in 2011.

The correct answer is Maharana Pratap Award.

Key Points

• Maharana Pratap Award:
  • The Maharana Pratap Award is given by the Government of Haryana. This is the only award in Haryana which is only given to a Male Sportsperson of Haryana for his extraordinary Lifetime achievements at the International, and National Level from India as well as from the state. Hence, Option 3 is correct.
  • The criteria of the Maharana Pratap Award is he must be a Resident of Haryana state. The award consists of a cash prize of 2 lakhs to the Recipient, a Maharana Pratap Statue, a scroll of Honour, Blazer, Tie, and Scarf.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Cinema.Key Points

• Devi Shankar Prabhakar is related to Cinema
• Devi Shankar Prabhakar Life Time Award was awarded to Chandrawal film artist Dariav Singh.
• In film, the film Robin won the most awards.
• Director Dharmendra Dangi told that 316 entries were received for the festival in 20 languages from 22 countries, out of which 60 films were selected and shown to the audience.
• Stage operations were done by Alpana Suhasini, Rupam Ahlawat and Sameer Chowdhary.

The correct answer is None of them.

Key Points

• The Finance Department, Government of Haryana
  • It is responsible for the management of finances of the State Government.
  • Shri Manohar Lal khattar is the present finance minister of Haryana. Hence, Option 4 is correct.
  • It is concerned with all economic and financial matters affecting the State as a whole including mobilisation of resources and allocation of resources for infrastructural development, social welfare, human development and administrative purposes.
  • Before the introduction of any new scheme/proposal, approval from the Finance Department is sought.
  • The Finance Department approves of taking into consideration all the financial aspects.

Additional Information

• The Finance Department of Haryana mainly deals in allocating annual Budget to various departments, managing their releases, monitoring expenditure, re-appropriation of funds, interaction with Treasuries and Accounts and Accountant General, issuing Loans & Advances to employees of the State, Monitoring of Ways & Means Position of the state, Issuing instructions related to Pension, DA, Foreign tours, study abroad and on other Economy control measures, giving sanctions to new posts, vehicles, issuing POL Coupons to all the Departments for running their vehicles.

The correct answer is Fatehabad.

Key Points

• Making of Parivar Pehchan Patra (PPP) or family ID is topped by Fatehabad.
• In Fatehabad mora than 85% of the population already registered in PPP.
• Panchkula and Faridabad are the two bottommost districts in making the PPP.
• In Panchkula only 56% population have PPP and in Faridabad 58% of the population has PPP.

Important Points

• The 8-digit Parivar Pehchan Patra (PPP) is meant for each family across the state to enable smooth and automatic delivery of several citizen-centric services.
• The state government aims to monitor each of the approximately 54 lakh families living across the state.
• Telangana, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh are also exploring the possibility of implementing a similar PPP project.

The correct answer is It eliminates excess heat from the engine.

Key Points

• The function of a radiator in an automobile is that it eliminates excess heat from the engine.
• Radiators are heat exchangers used for cooling internal combustion engines.
• It is a part of the engine's cooling system of a vehicle.
• The engine in a vehicle burns fuel and produces energy which generates heat.
• Elimination of excessive heat from the engine is important in an automobile to prevent damage.
• Radiators thus eliminate heat from the engine.
• The process begins when the thermostat in the front of the engine detects excess heat.

 The process of learning to internalize the values and norms into itself or the mode of learning to live in society is called the process of socialization. It may be defined more comprehensively as a life-long process of inculcation whereby an individual learns the principles, values, and symbols of the social system in which he participates and the expression of those values and norms in the roles he enacts.

Key Points  Socialization can be classified into two broad groups:

• Primary socialization
• Secondary socialization.
• Primary socialization- Inculcation of norms and values within the family is called primary socialization. Here children want to know themselves and try to find their identity and learn the daily routine tasks of humans.
  • Example: Family.
• Secondary socialization- The process of imbibing norms, values, and behavior patterns of school may be called secondary socialization.
  • Example: Church, School, Media, Religion, institutions, books, magazines, etc.

Thus by all these references, we can consider that Families and schools are major contributors to socialization but there are other agencies such as media and peers who have an important role.

Important Points 

•  Change in a child by the Primary socialization-
  • The identity of the child is formed.
  • Primary socialization takes place in infancy and childhood.
  • Infancy is the most crucial stage of socialization as the child learns basic behavior patterns at this stage.
•  Change in a child by the secondary socialization-
  • ​Development of different aspects starts with secondary socialization as Divergent thinking, Creative thinking, etc.
  • children learn how to act in a way that is appropriate for the situations they are in.

Adolescence

• Among humans, adolescence is a complex, multi-system transitional process involving progression from the immaturity and social dependency of childhood into adult life with the goal and expectation of fulfilled developmental potential, personal agency, and social accountability,
• In simple terms, adolescence is the phase between childhood and adulthood.
• It starts with puberty ( sexually mature) and ends when somatic growth is completed and is psychologically mature.

Key Points

• Most adolescents experience tension and instability as they are not prepared enough to meet the expectations of society as mature guys.
• The factors which affect them emotionally are- being bullied in schools, school demand, and pressure, sexual and social pressure, parental conflict, drug, and alcohol, etc.
• One-sided romance, glandular secretion, mood swing leads to heightened emotions and create conflict within. That makes them confused.
• Suffer from an identity crisis.

Drug abuse is emerging as a major health problem: 24 percent of the drug users were in the age group of 12-18 years. The subjects in the treatment centers reported that about 11 percent were introduced to cannabis before the age of 15 years, and about 26 percent between the age of 16 and 20 years.

Thus, it can be concluded that drug abuse is a high risk in adolescence.

Santosh Yadav

• Santosh Yadav is a female mountaineer from India
• She was born in Rewari district of Haryana in 1967
• She was the first Indian woman to climb Everest twice.
• She climbed the peak first in May 1992 and then again in May 1993 with an Indo-Nepalese Team.
• She has been awarded the Padma Shree by the government of India in 2000
• She has also been awarded the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure award in 1994

Additional Information

• Padma Shree is the fourth highest civilian award in India
• The first three are Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan and Padma Bhushan
• It is awarded to citizens as well as non-citizens of India
• The Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award is the highest adventure sports honour in India
• It was formerly known as the National Adventure Awards
• Tenzing Norgay along with Edmund Hillary was the first person to climb Everest
• Bacchendri Pal is the first Indian woman to climb Everest

⇒ Santosh Yadav belongs to Haryana

Bruner advocated the discovery learning approach. The learner should be presented with a problem situation and motivated to seek an alternative solution. Therefore, instruction based on Bruner's theory is learner-centered placing learners as active participants.

Key Points

Discovery Learning was introduced by Jerome Bruner. It is considered a constructivist based approach to education. It is also referred to as problem-based learning and experiential learning.

• ​Discovery Learning is a method of Inquiry-Based Instruction.
• This theory encourages learners to use past experiences and knowledge to form new experiences and knowledge.
• The learner is encouraged to use their intuition, imagination, and creativity, and search for new information to discover facts, correlations, and new truths.
• The concept of discovery learning implies that students construct their own knowledge for themselves, Learner is considered active and constructor of their own knowledge. 
• Teacher guidance where the emphasis is on building upon students’ reasoning and connecting to their experiences. Teachers give direction and make sure the learning is maintained.

Therefore, Activation, maintenance, and direction are must components for Discovery Learning.

Additional Information

Stimulus situation, response, and reinforcement: Associated with operant conditioning theory given by B.F Skinner.

Assimilation, accommodation, and adaptation:

• Piaget believed that there are two basic ways that we can adapt to new experiences and information: assimilation and accommodation.
• Adaptation involves two sub processes: assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation is the application of previous concepts to new concepts. An example is a child who refers to a whale as a “fish.” Accommodation is the altering of previous concepts in the face of new information.

The tools that are employed to spread culture and really pass it along are agents of socialization. Agents are therefore individuals, groups, and institutions that aid in our understanding of the social environment. Key Points

• Although the family may also include close friends and/or neighbors, it is more common for it to consist of parents, siblings, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc. These family members impart the necessary knowledge to a youngster. They teach the child how to use things like clothing, computers, eating utensils, books, and bikes as well as how to relate to others (some as "family," others as "friends," still others as "strangers," teachers, or neighbors), as well as how the world functions (what is "real" and what is "imagined."
• The process of socialization is not just limited to the family. It consists of a range of groups and institutions through which people learn the culture of their society.
• The most significant institution for delivering formal education is the school. It is referred to as a social transformation organization. Children are socialized in schools via lessons on citizenship and pride in one's country.
• One other socializing tool is the media. Our political opinions, popular cultural preferences, and perceptions of women, people of color, and homosexual people, among many other beliefs and behaviors, are influenced by television programmes, motion pictures, popular music, magazines, websites, and other forms of mass media. Media helps children to directly interact with the world through various online portals.

Hence, it is concluded that Both 2 and 3 are the correct option.

Let E1,E2,E3andE4 be the events that the doctor comes by train, bus, scooter and car respectively. Then,
P(E1)=3/10,P(E2)=1/5,P(E3)=1/10andP(E4)=2/5.
Let E be the event that the doctor is late. Then,
P(E/E1) = probability that the doctor is late, given that he comes by train
=1/4.
P(E/E2)= probability that the doctor is late, given that he comes by bus
=1/3.
P(E/E3)= probability that the doctor is late, given that the comes by scooter
=1/12.
P(E/E4)= probability that the doctor is late, given that that he comes by car
=0.
Probability that he comes by train, given that he is late
P(E2/E)
[P(E2).P(E/E2)]/[P(E1).P(E/E1)+P(E2).P(E/E2)+P(E3).P(E/E3)+P(E4).P(E/E40)][by Bayes's theorem]
[(1/5×1/3)]/(3/10×1/4)+(1/5×1/3)+(1/10×1/12)+(2/5×0)
=(3/40×120/18)=4/9
Hence, the required probability is 4/9.

Let 
E₁ and E₂ are events that a person has disease and the person has not disease.

Let A  = event that the test result is positive

LHD = limh→0 ((−h)² sin(−1/h) − 0)/−h
limh→0 −h² sin(1/h)/−h
= limh→0 h × sin(1/h)
= 0
RHD = limh→0 (h² sin(1/h) − 0)/h
= limh→0 h × sin(1/h)
= 0
RHD=LHD
∴ f(x) is differentiable at x= 0

Let I = ∫(0 to pi/2)x³ sin(tan−1x⁴)/(1+x⁸)dx
Put tan−1 x⁴ = t
4x³/(1+x⁸)dx = dt
⇒x³dx/(1+x⁸) = dt/4
Now, I = 1/4∫sin t dt
=−[1/4 cos t]0 to pi/2 + c
= -1/4[cos(0) - cos(pi/2)] +c
= 1/4[-cos(pi/2) + cos(0)] +c
= ¼[-0+1]
= 1/4 

f(g(2)) compare f(gx) x=2
on comparing g(x)=x, g(2)=2
f(g(x)) = f(2) = x² = 2²= 4

 lim x-->0 ((x^2cosx-)/1-cosx)
Differentiating numerator and denominator
lim x-->0 (2xcosx - x^2sinx)/sinx
Differentiating it for a second time
lim x-->0 (2cos - 2xsinx - 2xsinx - x^2cosx)/cosx
Substituting x = 0
= lim x-->0  2/1
= 2

A solid has shape, size, position and can be moved from one place to another. So, solid has three dimensions

 A point is that which has no part i.e., no length, no breadth and no height. So, it has no dimension.

 Boundaries of a solid are called surfaces. A surface (plane) has only length and breadth. So, it has two dimensions.

Formula

Required area :

Option D: The number of relations from A to B is 2^3*2= 2⁶

The relationship between the mean, quartile and the standard deviation are as follows:
Mean Deviation is the mean of all the absolute deviations of a set of data.
Quartile deviation is the difference between “first and third quartiles” in any distribution.
Standard deviation measures the “dispersion of the data set” that is relative to its mean.
Mean Deviation = 4/5 × Quartile deviation
Standard Deviation = 3/2 × Quartile deviation

Let X˜B(n,p) be a binomial variate with mean 4 and variance 3. Then,
np=4,and npq=3
⇒q=3/4,p=1/4 and n=16
∴P(X=r)=.16Cr(1/4)^r (3/4)^(16−r) ,r=0,1,2,....,16
⇒P(X=6)= 16C6(1/4)⁶ ((3)/(4))¹⁰