HSSC TGT Math Mock Test - 3 - HSSC PGT/TGT MCQ

Concept:

Solid waste:

• Almost everything that we use degenerates and loses its utility over a period of time.
• Many things become unusable after we use them only once.
• Everything that we discard after it loses its usability is known as solid waste or garbage.
• All such wastes are not uniform in nature.
• Solid wastes can be divided into two distinct categories biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.

Explanation:

Non-biodegradable waste:

• Non-biodegradable materials are those materials, which cannot be broken down easily, and retain their form for a long period of time.
• So, those in which there was no change are non-biodegradable materials.  
• For example, metals, tin, plastics etc.

Segregation of wastes:

• The “reuse, recycle, reduce and refuse” this slogan is associated with the practice of waste segregation and management.
• A new set of coloured trash cans are purchased.
• Each block has three distinct trash cans for the disposal of different kinds of waste.
• Waste that has been separated is now disposed of in designated green, blue, and yellow trash cans.
• Plastic wrappers and other non-biodegradable debris are intended for disposal in blue trash cans.

Thus, the blue colour of bins is used for non-biodegradable waste.

Additional InformationBiodegradabel waste:

• We define biodegradable materials as those substances made of organic matter, such as plant and animal matter, that can be easily broken down by nature.
• For example, vegetable peels and other kitchen waste, vegetables, fruits, tea leaves, wood, etc.

Waste and their segregation tank colour:

The correct answer is Option 3, i.e Hydrofluorocarbons.

• Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) has the highest global warming potential as compared to other gases. 
• Global Warming Potential (GWP) is used to measure the total energy that a particular gas absorbs over a particular period of time ( normally 100 years), compared to carbon dioxide. 
• Gases with a higher GWP absorb more energy, per pound, than gases with a lower GWP, and thus contribute more to warming Earth.
• The major atmospheric gases responsible for causing global warming are Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) and Nitrous Oxide.
• Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) are less prevalent GHGs but are very powerful.

Mislearning means to learn incorrectly or to acquire incorrect knowledge. The best feedback about mislearning is obtained through diagnostic testing.

Important Points

Diagnostic testing:

• when a patient comes to a doctor, the doctor initially puts some questions to the patient to gather some basic information’s about the disease and then uses other techniques to get more related information to identify the disease and its probable cause(s). After careful analysis of these data, he prescribes the medicines as remedial treatment. Similarly, In the field of education, the diagnosis has many such implications. Difficulties in learning occur frequently at all levels and among pupils of both high and low mental ability.
• In order to handle such cases, the teacher also uses similar techniques like a doctor to diagnose the relative strengths and weaknesses of the pupil in the specific area of study, analyse the causes for the same and then provides remedial measures as per necessity.
• Diagnostic test is a test used to diagnose strength and weakness of the learning in certain areas of study whereas diagnostic evaluation is centered on the schooling process such as the curriculum program, administration, and so on.
• When learning difficulties that are left unresolved by the standard corrective prescriptions of formative evaluation and a pupil continues to experience failure despite the use of prescribed alternative methods of instruction, then a more detailed diagnosis is indicated.

Key Points

Features of diagnostic testing:

• The diagnostic test takes up where the formative test leaves off.
• A diagnostic test is a means by which an individual profile is examined and compared against certain norms or criteria.
• The diagnostic test focuses on an individual’s educational weakness or learning deficiency and identifies the gaps in pupils.
• Diagnostic test is more intensive and act as a tool for analysis of Learning Difficulties.
• Diagnostic test is more often limited to low ability students.
• Diagnostic tests pinpoints the specific types of error each pupil is making and searches for underlying causes of the problem.
• Diagnostic test helps us to identify the trouble spots and discovered those areas of students weakness that are unresolved by formative test.

Avoiding and Reducing waste:

The highest priority of solid waste management is avoiding and reducing the generation of waste. It encourages the community, industry and government to reduce the amount of virgin materials extracted and used.

The goal is to maximize efficiency and avoid unnecessary consumption by the following methods.

• Selecting items with the least packaging or that require the fewest resources to produce
• Avoiding disposable goods or single-use materials
• Reuse of second-hand products, buying products that are recycled, recyclable, repairable, refillable, reusable or biodegradable
• Designing products to be refillable or reusable
• Repairing broken items instead of buying new

The correct answer is Rocky soil.

Key Points

• The land of Haryana can be divided into the following three parts:
  • Hill:
    • The soil of this region is rocky and this type of soil can be seen on the hills of Morni.
    • In the southern part of the state, due to the presence of hills of the Aravalli Mountains, rocky and sandy soils are found here.
    • The soil in the hilly region of the state is thin and hard.
  • Plains:
    • The soil of the plains of the state is fertile.
    • It is brownish-yellow in color.
    • This soil has come with the flow of rivers like Yamuna, Saraswati etc.
    • Many crops are grown in this region and the most fertile region is also considered to be the plains of Haryana.
  • Sandy:
    • Sandy soil is found in the southwestern part of Haryana.
    • The color of this soil is light brown.
    • This soil comes with the winds blowing from the neighboring state of Rajasthan.

The correct answer is Karnal.

• Munak canal which was situated in Haryana originates from the Karnal district of Haryana.
• It was built in 1819 and renovated in the year 2008.
• It extends towards Delhi from the Karnal in Haryana and passes through the Jhajjar district.
• It carries 700 cusecs of water towards Delhi, its water is used for drinking water supply in Delhi.

About Haryana

• Capital - Chandigarh
• 1st Chief Minister - Bhagwat Dayal Sharma (Indian National Congress)
• 1st Governor - Dharma Vira

The correct answer is option 2 i.e 536.5mm.

• The climate of Haryana is arid to semi-arid.
• Haryana is spread over an area of 44,212 sq. km.
• The average annual rainfall of Haryana is 536.5 mm.
• The climate of Haryana is very hot in summer seasons and cold in the winter season.
• Haryana is located with an altitude between 700-3600 ft above sea level.
• Karnal, Kurukshetra and Ambala Districts are the maximum rain-hit areas in Haryana.

The correct answer is 2001.Key Points

• Haryana forms Water Conservation Commission in Septmber 2001.
• The haryana government has constituted a water conservation mission under the chairmanship of principal secretary to the chief minister, sy quraishi to promote a holistic approach to water conservation by creating awareness among various stake-holders and the general public.
• The decision to constitute the mission has been taken to evolve a ''collective action for water management'' in the light of dwindling water resources.
• There is a general realisation among statesmen, political thinkers and administrators the world over that the future wars would be fought not for land but for water which is becoming scarce by the day.

The correct answer is Komal Gurjar.

Key Points

Anita Kundu

• She is a sub-inspector of police and passionate mountaineer, is the first woman to scale Mount Everest from both Nepal and China sides.
• She hails from village Faridpur, Hisar ( Haryana ).
• She was born in Hisar, Haryana, Kundu joined the Haryana Police in 2008.
• From an early age, she had been drawn to challenging sports - as a pre-teen, she had trained in boxing. Hence, Option 1 is correct.

Mamta Sodha

• She is an Indian sportsperson, known for her successful 2010 attempt to scale Mount Everest.
• She was honoured by the Government of India, in 2014, by bestowing on her the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award, for her services to the field of mountaineering sport.

Komal Gurjar

• Komal Gurjar is a junior women wrestler.

Santosh Yadav

• She is an Indian mountaineer.
• She is the first woman in the world to climb Mount Everest twice and the first woman to successfully climb Mount Everest from Kangshung Face.
• She climbed the peak first in May 1992 and then again in May 1993 with an Indo-Nepalese Team

• The correct answer is "The state of equilibrium (degrees) between the two components of the population".​

Key Points:

• Population ratios: Used to describe the degree of balance between two elements of the population. For Example- Males vs. females, and children versus women of reproductive age.
• Various types of Population Ratios are:​

Additional Information:

• World Population Day: July 11^th
• India's Sex Ratio: 943 Females/1000 Males.
• State with highest sex ratio: Kerala(1084).
• State with lowest sex ratio: Haryana(879).
• UT with highest sex ratio: Puducherry(1037).
• UT with lowest sex ratio: Daman & Diu(618).

The correct answer is Total distance travelled.

Key Points

• Odometer:
  • An odometer is an instrument used for measuring the distance travelled by a vehicle.
  • The odometer is usually situated on the vehicle's dashboard.
• Many modern vehicles often have multiple trip meters.
• Most mechanical trip meters will show a maximum value of 999.9 km.

Important Points

• Difference between odometer and speedometer:

The teaching method is a way to put theory in practice with the help of principles, pedagogy, and management strategies. It helps the teachers to plan and present the lesson coherently.

• There are various kinds of teaching methods in fashion to facilitate learning and 'Project Method' is one of them. 

Key Points

• Project teaching method is associated with W.H. Killpatrick.  
• The Project method emphasizes active learning by association and mutual co-operation of a group of peers to complete a specific project effectively.

Characteristics of Project Method:

• Relates learning with real-life.

• Promotes learners' active participation.
• Develops abstract and concrete scientific skills.

• Encourages the application of practical knowledge.
• Ensures learners' individual and collective development.

Hence, it could be concluded that the Kilpatric is associated with the Project method.

Additional Information 

Learning may be defined as “any relatively permanent change in behaviour or behavioural potential produced by experience”. Learning is not a mere addition to the knowledge or acquisition of facts and skills through drill and repetition. It involves reorganization of experience.

Key Points 

Factors affecting learning:

• Physiological Factors-
  • Among the organic factors considered to cause learning problems are genetics, brain injury. biochemical imbalances, intake of toxic substances like lead, oxygen deprivation, infectious diseases, drug intoxication, malnutrition and congenital defects. While considering these as factors influencing learning, it may be mentioned that attempts to correlate specific physiological factors with learning problems are not successful. 
  • Unless the body is physiologically mature and ready, academic learning cannot take place. 
• Psychological Factors-
  • Several psychological factors such as intelligence, personality, attitude, interest, and aptitude have considerable influence on the learning of a child.
• Socio-emotional Factors-
  • The family the child belongs to has a considerable influence on the learning. Family factors such as child-rearing practices, reward and punishment, the scope for freedom and independence in activities, play and study facilities, the ambitiousness of the parents, disorganization and discord among members, degree of maturity expected of the boy or the girl child, birth position such as eldest, youngest or single child have their definite influence on learning. 
  • Working mothers who also experience marital discord are not only physically absent from their children, they are also emotionally absent. Learner from such a home is usually found self-absorbed and inattentive. 

Thus from above-mentioned points, it is clear that the physical and emotional health of children plays an important role in their learning. 

Experience is the subjective knowledge or skills about something, someplace, or someone. Every individual has their own experiences which they experience from their own point of view. 

Key Points

•  Using prior experience to manage new situations and experiences, requires a student to be reflective.
• Reflection is the process of showing or presenting what one has learnt or acquired. 
• Reflections are unique to everyone. Hence, they are subjective. 
• The process of reflection helps to understand the event better and provides the opportunity to critically analyze it. 
• The understanding and critical analysis help to use those experiences in other situations also. 

Thus, it can be concluded that using prior experience to manage new situations and experiences demands, requires students to be reflective. 

The correct answer is Abul Fazl.

Key Points

• Abul Fazl called the Brahma Sarovar of Haryana a miniature sea.
• Braham Sarovar, as the name suggests, is associated with Lord Brahma.
  • Taking a dip in the holy water of Sarovar during Solar Eclipse is considered equal to the merits of performing thousands of Asvamedha Yajnas.
  • Having seen its huge water body, Abul-Fazl during solar eclipse has described the vast water body of this Sarovar as a miniature Sea.

Additional Information

• Abul Fazl was a political advisor and high-ranked official in the Akbar administration.
  • He helped Akbar with the framing of the vision of governance with Sulh-i-kul.
  • It was about peaceful and harmonious relationships among the different religions in his administration.
• He also wrote a three-volume history of Akbar’s reign, titled Akbar Nama.
  • The first volume deals with Akbar’s ancestry.
  • The second volume recorded events from Akbar’s reign.
  • The third volume is the Ain-i Akbari. It deals with Akbar’s administration, including rich statistics on crop diversity, wages, revenue, prices.

A curriculum is a formal plan of educational experiences and activities offered to a learner under the guidance of an educational institution. It is more structured in schools and more flexible in higher education.

Key Points

Principle of curriculum development: The curriculum has to change by the change in social class relationships due to industrial growth, scientific process, and social advancement. 

• The principle of correlation: The curriculum is related to the aims and objectives of the society. The aims and objectives of the people in a society have to be fulfilled through the experiences provided. These experiences are planned and spelled out in the curriculum. 
• Principle of utility: The curriculum should be of practical use to the pupil and hence should maintain the vocational and technical base. Emphasis should be given to work experiences. It should include subjects and activities useful for children in the present life and in the future.
• Principle of including all the activities: The curriculum is a broad and comprehensive process. The curriculum is much more than classroom instruction. It is not confined to the four walls of the classroom. It should be a focus on the overall development of the student. All the experiences provided during the course both inside and outside the institution are included in the curriculum.
• Principle of Flexibility: The curriculum should be flexible to serve the educational objectives of curriculum Development of the nation and suitable for the needs of the learners at every stage. Any adult education attempt to force uncongenial activities is found to lead to frustration in learners. It should make provision for freedom for learners to choose a course, subjector program of their choice
• The principle of future orientation: Learning should be closely linked with the specific life situations which confront the learner groups and should motivate them towards taking concrete and practical steps to lessen the strain under which they live and work.

Hence, we can conclude that principle of utility states the curriculum should include subjects and activities useful for children in the present life and in the future. 

μ = (22 + 26 + 28 + 20 + 24 + 30)/6
= 150/6 
= 25
x(i) = (xi - μ)²
x(22) = (22-25)² = 9
x(26) = (26-25)² = 1
x(28) = (28-25)² = 9
x(20) = (20-25)² = 25
x(24) = (24-25)² = 1
x(30) = (30-25)² = 25
​
(xi - μ)²  = 70
Standard deviation : [(xi - μ)²]/N
= (70/6)^½
= 3.42

It is the identity equation

In the fraction equation

Time duration between 4.00 om and 4.25 pm = 25 minutes
∵ Angle described by minute hand in 60 minutes = 360°
∴ Angle described by minute hand in 25 minutes  

3^2x2 = 3⁴ = 81

∫tan(log x) dx
log x = t
x = e^t
dx = e^t dt
f(t) = ∫tan t dt
f’(t)= sec² t
= sec²(log x)

Taking LCM

⇒   We have the sequence, 1,2,3.......n
⇒   This is an AP, with the initial term a=1 and the common difference d=1.
∴   The sum of n terms of an AP is given by,


→   Arithmetic mean of n numbers a1​,a2​,a3​,a4​,...an​ is given by the formula

 collinear vectors , because they are parallel in direction and having the same magnitude.

A = {1, 2, 3}   B = {(-1), (-2), (0), (-3)}
A’ = {(1), (2), (3)}  B’ = {-1, -2, 0 , -3}
A’B’ = {(-1, -2, 0, 3) (-2, -4 , 0, -6) (-3, -6, 0, -9)}

2cos θ = 1 
cos θ = 1/2
θ =  60°

sin (45° + θ) - cos (45° - θ)
= sin {90° - (45° - θ)} - cos (45° - θ)
= cos (45° - θ) - cos (45° - θ) = 0

Variance is the mean of the squares of the deviations from the mean. Variance is the square of standard deviation. Therefore any unit of a given set is converted into squares at the time of calculating the variance.