HSSC TGT Science Mock Test - 2 - HSSC PGT/TGT MCQ

Fossil fuels are made from the decomposition of plants and animals these fuels are mainly found in the crust of the earth and are made up of carbon and hydrogen, hence while burning fossil fuels it causes air pollution by ejecting carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, Sulfer, and particulate matter so fossil fuel is main responsible air pollution.

• Diesel, Petrol, Coal, oil, and natural oils are some examples of fossil fuels.​
• If industries are built or operate far away from human dwellings it will definitely reduce or diminish the noise pollution but the amount of exhausted air remains the same in the environment hence it is not a feasible solution because it's far away from human dwellings its impact would be definitely low but no zero on human dwellings. 
• The best practice or solution for the fight against air pollution is to rely on alternate sources of energy which are wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy, Hydro energy, bio mass-energy, etc. because these energy sources actually have zero carbon footprint on the environment and actually these energies are free recyclable hence are best to replace conventional sources of energy.

The correct answer is None of the above.

Key Points

• Bhopal Singh Khadri is the Chairman of the Haryana Staff Selection Commission.
• Khadri is a village in Haryana.
  • Block / Tehsil- Chhachhrauli
  • District- Yamunanagar
• As per 2011 Census
  • Total Population- 4051
  • Female Population%- 47.4 % (1921)
  • Total Literacy rate%- 64.8 % (2627)
• Haryana Staff Selection Commission (earlier Subordinate Services Selection Board) is constituted as per the proviso of Article 309 of the constitution of India.
  • The Commission conducts examinations/interviews for appointments to Group ‘C’ services and may be called up on to conduct examination/interview for appointment to Group ‘B’ and ‘D’ services if required by the State Government.
  • It consists of seven Members including the Chairman appointed by the Haryana Govt. on the recommendation of the collegiums consisting of a Minister of Cabinet Rank, Chief Secretary to Govt. Haryana, Legal Remembrance and Secretary to Govt. Haryana, Law and Legislative Department.
  • The Chairman/Member shall cease to be a Chairman or Member of the Commission on attaining the age of 68 & 65 years respectively.

The correct answer is Cinema.Key Points

• Devi Shankar Prabhakar is related to Cinema
• Devi Shankar Prabhakar Life Time Award was awarded to Chandrawal film artist Dariav Singh.
• In film, the film Robin won the most awards.
• Director Dharmendra Dangi told that 316 entries were received for the festival in 20 languages from 22 countries, out of which 60 films were selected and shown to the audience.
• Stage operations were done by Alpana Suhasini, Rupam Ahlawat and Sameer Chowdhary.

Santosh Yadav

• Santosh Yadav is a female mountaineer from India
• She was born in Rewari district of Haryana in 1967
• She was the first Indian woman to climb Everest twice.
• She climbed the peak first in May 1992 and then again in May 1993 with an Indo-Nepalese Team.
• She has been awarded the Padma Shree by the government of India in 2000
• She has also been awarded the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure award in 1994

Additional Information

• Padma Shree is the fourth highest civilian award in India
• The first three are Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan and Padma Bhushan
• It is awarded to citizens as well as non-citizens of India
• The Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award is the highest adventure sports honour in India
• It was formerly known as the National Adventure Awards
• Tenzing Norgay along with Edmund Hillary was the first person to climb Everest
• Bacchendri Pal is the first Indian woman to climb Everest

⇒ Santosh Yadav belongs to Haryana

The correct answer is the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981.

Key Points

• Section 2(a) of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981:
  • It defines an ‘air pollutant’ as any solid liquid or gaseous substance which may cause harm or damage to the environment, humans, plants, animals, or even damage property.
  • A 1987 amendment to the act also added ‘noise’ to the list of harmful substances.
  • Thus, the provisions of the Air Act, became applicable in respect of noise pollution, also.

Additional Information 

• Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981:
  • Air pollution is defined as the presence of any liquid or gaseous substances in the atmosphere in such a concentration which tends to be injurious to man, animals, plants or the environment.
  • The Air Act was passed under Article 253 of the Constitution of India and in pursuance of the decisions of the Stockholm Conference.
  • Objective:
    • to provide means for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution in order to preserve the quality of air.
  • Pollution board's duties: The Central and State Water Boards have been entrusted with the task of controlling and preventing air pollution. 

The correct answer is 'Rs. 1000'.

Key Points

• Section 194(B)(1) of the Motor Vehicles Act states that whoever drives a motor vehicle without wearing a safety belt or carries passengers not wearing seat belts shall be punishable with a fine of Rs 1,000.
• So, if a person fails to wear safety belts while driving a motor vehicle, he will attract a fine of Rs. 1000.
• It is also applicable to child below the age of 14.
• The government took the decision after the death of the former chairman of Tata Group, Cyrus Mistry, in a car accident recently.

Hence, the correct answer is Rs. 1000.

The correct answer is Refractometer.

Key Points

• The instrument used to measure the antifreeze mixture in a coolant of a vehicle is Refractometer.
• This refractometer is used for measuring the concentration and freezing temperature of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol which are used as antifreeze mixture for automobiles.

Additional Information

• Galvanometer:
  • A galvanometer is an instrument for measuring small amounts of electric current in an electrical circuit.
• Voltmeter:
  • A voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring the electric potential difference between two points in an electric circuit.
  • It is connected in parallel.
• Hydrometer:
  • A hydrometer is an instrument used for measuring the density or relative density of liquids.

A developmental task is one that arises predictably and consistently at or about a certain period in the life of the individual. He believed that learning is basic to life and that people continue to learn throughout life. According to him, a developmental task is a task that an individual has to and wants to solve in a particular life period. He writes, “A developmental task is a midway between an individual need and a social demand. 

Social expectations:  According to the Expectation states theory, group members develop expectations about the future task performance of all group members, including themselves. Once developed, these expectations guide the group interaction.

Key Points Developmental tasks arise from three different sources. In his biopsychosocial model, the first important issue is biology, the second is psychology and the last one is sociology.

•  First, some tasks are mainly based on physical maturation example, learning to walk, talk, and behave acceptably with the opposite sex during adolescence; adjusting to menopause during middle age.
• Another source of developmental tasks involves personal values and aspirations. These personal factors result from the interaction between ontogenetic and environmental factors and play an active role in the emergence of specific developmental tasks (for example, choosing a certain occupational pathway).
•  The third source of developmental tasks relates to socio-structural and cultural forces. Such influences are based on, for instance, laws (example, minimum age for marriage) and culturally shared expectations of development.
• Thus by the third mentioned point, we can conclude that developmental tasks refer to the social expectations.

 Human life completes its journey through various stages, one of the most vital stages in adolescence. Adolescence is the transition period from childhood to adulthood and plays a decisive role in forming prosocial/antisocial adults. All of us undergo this stage, which is full of excitement and poses many challenges.

Key Points  Adolescence is a period of transition when the individual changes- physically and psychologically-from a child to an adult. The period between childhood and adulthood is called adolescence. WHO defined adolescents as people within the age group of 10-19 years. 

• A boy or girl enters adolescence as a child and emerges as a man or woman, expected to be ready to assume an adult role in society.
• The onset of puberty refers to physical changes such as accelerated growth. 
• The period around 10 or 12 years of age is the onset of puberty which usually lasts for 2 years.
• There is a spurt in physical growth and appearance of sex characteristics.
• The first sign of puberty in girls is menstruation and in boys, nocturnal emission (ejaculation of semen during sleep).
• The overall sequence of physical and sexual growth and maturity are comparable for boys and girls, girls attain their adult height, weight, and ability to bear children, two years earlier than boys.

Thus, it is concluded that the onset of puberty refers to physical changes such as accelerated growth. In girls, the growth spurt starts around 10-12 years.

The correct answer is Bhiwani district.Key Points

• Mitathal is a village and Indus Valley civilization (IVC) Archaeological site in the Bhiwani tehsil of the Bhiwani district in the Indian state of Haryana.
• Part of Hisar division, it lies 12 kilometers north of the district headquarters Bhiwani and 249 kilometers from the state capital Chandigarh.
• As of the 2011 Census of India, the village had 1,448 households with a total population of 7,434 of which 4,002 were male and 3,432 female.

Additional Information Rakhigarhi

• Rakhigarhi or Rakhi Garhi is a village and an archaeological site belonging to the Indus Valley civilization in the Hisar District of the northern Indian state of Haryana, situated about 150 km northwest of Delhi. It was part of the mature phase of the Indus Valley Civilisation, dating to 2600-1900 BCE.

Banawali

• Banawali, formerly known as Vanavali, is a hamlet and archaeological site located around 15 kilometers from Fatehabad district in Haryana, India. It was settled on the left bank of the dry river Saraswati during the Indus Valley Civilization period.

Adolescence

• Among humans, adolescence is a complex, multi-system transitional process involving progression from the immaturity and social dependency of childhood into adult life with the goal and expectation of fulfilled developmental potential, personal agency, and social accountability,
• In simple terms, adolescence is the phase between childhood and adulthood.
• It starts with puberty ( sexually mature) and ends when somatic growth is completed and is psychologically mature.

Key Points

• Most adolescents experience tension and instability as they are not prepared enough to meet the expectations of society as mature guys.
• The factors which affect them emotionally are- being bullied in schools, school demand, and pressure, sexual and social pressure, parental conflict, drug, and alcohol, etc.
• One-sided romance, glandular secretion, mood swing leads to heightened emotions and create conflict within. That makes them confused.
• Suffer from an identity crisis.

Drug abuse is emerging as a major health problem: 24 percent of the drug users were in the age group of 12-18 years. The subjects in the treatment centers reported that about 11 percent were introduced to cannabis before the age of 15 years, and about 26 percent between the age of 16 and 20 years.

Thus, it can be concluded that drug abuse is a high risk in adolescence.

Principles of development define the basic process of human development. It will assess the role and importance of growth processes and levels and the principles of growth and behavior in the total life span. 

Important Points

In the above-mentioned situation, the teacher's assumption is associated with the principle that 'development tends to follow an orderly sequence' which is one of the important principles of "Development and Growth".

• This principle defines that development occurs in sequence and follows a pattern. Thus teacher's assumption is right. Since a child needs to learn how to stand before he can walk, similarly the student needs to learn to draw a square before he can draw a diamond.

Additional Information

 Principles of development include:

• Development is cumulative.
• Development is a continuous process.
• Development is predictable.
• Development is the process of interaction.
• Development follows uniformity of pattern.
• Development is sequential.
• Development proceeds from general to specific.
• Development rate varies from person to person.

Hence, we can conclude that the above scenario is related to the principle of development trends to follow an orderly sequence.

The Correct answer is David Kolb

Experiential learning is learning by doing. David Kolb is best known for his work on experiential learning theory or ELT. 

Important Points

David A. Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory:

The experiential learning theory works in four stages—

• Step 1:Concrete learning is when a learner gets a new experience, or interprets a past experience in a new way. 
• Step 2: Reflective observation comes next, where the learner reflects on their experience personally. They use the lens of their experience and understanding to reflect on what this experience means.
• Step 3: Abstract conceptualization happens as the learner forms new ideas or adjusts their thinking based on the experience and their reflection about it.
• Step 4; Active experimentation is where the learner applies the new ideas to the world around them, to see if there are any modifications to be made. This process can happen over a short period of time, or over a long span of time. 

​ 

Additional Information

• Kurt Lewin
  • He is known as the father of modern social psychology
  • Lewin's theory also contributed to the concurrent cognitive fieM psychology. 
  • Kurt Lewin’s field theory proposed that behavior is the result of the individual and the environment.
• Educational Thoughts of John Dewey
  • he a major educational reformer for the 20th century
  • John Dewey’s concept of education is based upon the philosophy of pragmatism.
  • Dewey believed that knowledge is resultant of action.
  • According to him, change is the reality of the world. 
• Benjamin Samuel Bloom's theory of mastery learning: 
  • It is an instructional strategy and educational philosophy, first formally proposed by Benjamin Bloom in 1968.
  • Mastery learning maintains that students must achieve a level of mastery (e.g., 90% on a knowledge test) in prerequisite knowledge before moving forward to learn subsequent information.
  • If a student does not achieve mastery on the test, they are given additional support in learning and reviewing the information and then tested again. 
  • This cycle continues until the learner accomplishes mastery, and they may then move on to the next stage

Atomic number 22 has the following configuration:
₂₂X = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d²

In electron transport chain, there are 7 electron acceptors, which are as follows Co − Q → Cyt b → Cyt c₁ → Cyt c → Cyt a → Cyt a₃ → O₂. Oxygen is the ultimate electron acceptor. These electron acceptors are present in a specific sequence along inner mitochondrial membrane.

There are three points in the TCA cycle where NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH + H⁺ and one point where FAD⁺ is reduced to FADH₂. In a coupled reaction GTP is converted to GDP with the simultaneous synthesis of ATP from ADP.

Glycolysis is an oxidative process in which one molecule of glucose partially oxidised into two molecules of pyruvate on a series of enzyme catalysed reactions. Glycolysis, the major pathway for glucose metabolism, occurs in the cytosol of all cells. It is a unique pathway that occurs aerobically as well as anaerobically and does not involve molecular oxygen.

Because Presence of two coherent sources of radiation is one of the PRIME CONDITIONS FOR INTERFERENCE.

The correct answer is Option A.

The purpose of a salt bridge is not to move electrons from the electrolyte, rather maintain charge balance because the electrons are moving from one-half cell to the other. The electrons flow from the anode to the cathode thus if a salt bridge is removed between the half cells, the voltage becomes zero.
 

Peat as Fuel

• Peat is a form of fossil fuel that is formed when plant material does not fully decay in acidic and anaerobic conditions. It is harvested from peatlands or bogs. It is considered as a slow-renewing fuel due to the thousands of years it takes to form.

Peat as Manure

• Peat is also used in gardening and agriculture as a soil amendment or conditioner. It has the ability to retain water and slowly release it over time. This property makes it a valuable resource for improving soil structure and fertility.

In conclusion, peat, obtained from Sphagnum moss, is used both as a fuel and as a manure, making (d) the correct answer.

Ferrous sulphate →FeSO₄⋅7H₂O

Copper sulphate →CuSO₄⋅5H₂O

Magnesium sulphate →MgSO₄⋅7H₂O

Sodium chloride →NaCl

A, B and C are magnesium, aluminium and sillicon. Magnesium forms ionic oxide, (MgO) aluminium forms amphoteric oxide, (AI₂O₃) and silicon forms a giant molecule (SiO₂).

Infrared: Night vision goggles pick up the infrared light emitted by our skin and objects with heat. In space, infrared light helps us map the dust between stars.
Visible: Our eyes detect visible light. Fireflies, light bulbs, and stars all emit visible light.

Ultraviolet: Ultraviolet radiation is emitted by the Sun and are the reason skin tans and burns. "Hot" objects in space emit UV radiation as well.

X-ray: A dentist uses X-rays to image your teeth, and airport security uses them to see through your bag. Hot gases in the Universe also emit X-rays.

Gamma ray: Doctors use gamma-ray imaging to see inside your body. The biggest gamma-ray generator of all is the Universe.

The principle of reversibility of light states that light follows the same path if the direction of the travel of light is reversed.
The principle of reversibility presumes that the attenuation of a light ray during its passage through an optical medium because of reflection, refraction, and absorption is not affected by a reversal of the direction of the ray. In its simplest explanation, the principle of reversibility is a deduction of Snell’s law of the refraction of light. The principle of reversibility presumes that the attenuation of a light ray during its entrance through an optical medium due to reflection, refraction, and absorption is not changed by a reversal of the direction of the ray.

(A) 3d-transition series, Z = 21 (Sc) to Z=30 (Zn)
(B) Lanthanoid series, Z = 58 (Ce) to Z = 71 (Lu)
(C) Actinoid series, Z = 90 (Th) to Z = 103 (Lr)
(D) 4d-transition Z = 39 (Y) to Z = 48 (Cd) series,

Carbohydrates are organic compounds synthesized in the chlorophyll containing cells of some bacteria,-algae and green plant cells, during photosynthesis. Certain photoautotrophic bacteria eg. Green sulphur bacteria and purple sulphur bacteria contain pigments like chlorobium chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll respectively that helps them in photosynthesis. During photosynthesis carbon dioxide is reduced into carbohydrates by water and oxygen is liberated.

Microsporogenesis, the process of forming microspores from a pollen mother cell (PMC), begins during Prophase I of meiosis. This is when the PMC undergoes meiotic division to eventually produce four haploid microspores.