HSSC TGT Science Mock Test - 6 - HSSC PGT/TGT MCQ

Physically challenged children refer to children who are suffering from locomotor and neurological disabilities and these disabilities hinder them from living a normal life.

Key Points 

• It is the responsibility of a teacher never to demotivate the physically challenged children and always encourage them to take part in different learning activities.
• The teacher will sensitize adult students toward helping disabled children in performing tasks is appropriate as this statement acknowledges the presence of children with physical disabilities in the classroom and indicates that the teacher is taking steps to ensure that they receive appropriate support and assistance from their peers and adults.

Hence, we can conclude that the teacher will sensitize adult students toward helping disabled children perform tasks that would be most appropriate.

The correct answer is Sahibi.

Key Points

• River Sahibi originates from Sewar hills.

Additional Information

• Sota-Sabi or Sahibi River
  • There are two branches, the Sahibi branch rises from Sewar hills and the Sota branch rises from the hills of Bairath.
  • The two branches meet at Jalalpur.
  • The river flows in the northern direction through Kotputli tehsil, Bansur, Behror Kishangarh, Mundawar (Rajasthan) Rewari (Haryana) and empties into Najafgarh drain.
  • Sabi basin is bounded in the northwest by Shekhawati River Basin and Ruparail and Banganga
  • River basins in the southeast. The northern boundary is shared administratively with Haryana State.
  • The Basin extends over parts of the Alwar, Jaipur and Sikar districts.
  • The total catchment area of the Sahibi basin is 4607.9 km2.
  • It flows in Rajasthan for a distance of about 157 km before entering Haryana State

Concept:

• Electricity is the flow of charge.
• It is an essential part of modern life.
• People use electricity for:
  • Lightening
  • Heating
  • Cooling
  • Charging of devices

Explanation:

Light bulb:

• A device that converts electricity into light.
• It consists of a source of illumination.
• Outside there is a transparent shell.

Comparing the efficiency of different light sources:

Bulb:

• Nitrogen gas is loaded to make the light glow bright.
• They have a tungsten filament.
• The bulb gets extremely hot when the light is on.
• Their efficiency is 8-10 lumen per watt.
• There is a lot of electricity that gets wasted.

Tube light:

• They were cathode tubes.
• They needed long elongated sockets.
• Also a starter fuse.

CFL:

• They are also called fluorescent bulbs.
• They can also be used in greenhouses.
• They are filled with mercury and some other gases.
• Their efficiency is 30-60 lumen per watt.
• They remain cool.

LED light:

• These bulbs use photons instead of heat.
• The basis of an LED light is a negative diode.
• When electricity passes through the diode, the electrons release photons.
• These photons release light. 
• There is less energy required.
• These are more efficient.
• LED strips are the most famous type of LED lighting.

Thus, LED lights utilize the least amount of electricity.

Additional InformationSome basic terms related to light bulbs:

Voltage:

• The amount of electricity that passes through your cables.
• It is How much power we can potentially assess when we plug in our devices.
• For Indian homes it is 230V.

Wattage:

• Even if 230V is coming to your home, you cannot use it all.
• Every device has its own specifications.
• Wattage is in Joule per second. 

Lumen:

• The light one can actually see.
• It describes the brightness of the bulb.

The correct answer is 5.

• Kundli-Manesar-Palwal (KMP) Western Peripheral Expressway is the six-lane expressway passes through five districts in Haryana i.e Sonipat, Jhajjar, Gurugram, Mewat, and Palwal.
• It will be connecting to four major highways i.e Delhi-Ambala-Amritsar, Delhi-Agra-Varanasi-Dankuni, Delhi-Jaipur-Ahmedabad-Mumbai, and the Delhi-Hisar-Fazilka-India-Pakistan border.
• The expressway will provide an alternative route to vehicles, especially heavy vehicles to go towards Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan through the national capital.
• The total length of the expressway is approx. 135kms.

The correct answer is Breadbasket of India.

Key Points

• < />Haryana is called the Breadbasket of India.
• A breadbasket, is a region of a nation producing large quantities of wheat or other grains due to the richness of the soil and the favorable climate.
• In India, both Punjab and Haryana are referred to as Breadbasket.
  • Haryana accounts for about 9% of India's total wheat production. In the financial year 2019, over 12 million metric tons of wheat were produced in the northern state of Haryana in India.

Additional Information

• Haryana
  • Capital - Chandigarh.
  • 1^st Chief Minister - Bhagwat Dayal Sharma (Indian National Congress).
  • 1^st Governor - Dharma Vira.
  • Chief Minister ( As of October 2022): Manohar Lal Khattar.
  • Governor( As of October 2022): Bandaru Dattatreya

Key Points

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

• BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) is the amount of oxygen necessary for bacteria to consume the organic material in water.
• Organic material that is discharged into natural waters causes a rapid increase in the growth of microorganisms that deplete the oxygen required for other aquatic life. 
• The BOD is an important parameter for assessing water quality and water pollution.
• It deals with the amount of oxygen consumption by aerobic biological organisms to oxidize organic compounds.
• Sewage with high BOD can cause a decrease in the oxygen of receiving waters, which in turn can cause the death of some organisms.
• When wastewater is discharged into the water body the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of the water body decreases.
• More the polluted water, more the BOD and lower the DO.

Hence, the BOD of the water will increase if the organic matter is mixed with water.

Mistake Points

An abundance of bacteria:

• Although BOD is a measure of the amount of oxygen required by the microorganism to oxidize the organic waste present in the water, it does not indicate whether the number of microorganisms present in the water body is present in sufficient quantity or not.
• BOD is an intrinsic parameter to measure water pollution and not measure the number of microorganisms present in the water.

Hence, the high value of BOD in a water stream indicates excessive pollution.

Additional Information 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD):

• The chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a measure of water and wastewater quality.
• The COD test is often used to monitor water treatment plant efficiency.
• This test is based on the fact that a strong oxidizing agent, under acidic conditions, can fully oxidize almost any organic compound to carbon dioxide.
• The COD is the amount of oxygen consumed to chemically oxidize organic water contaminants to inorganic end products.

School self-evaluation builds on and develops the process of school development planning. It is a way of working that contributes to both the permanent and developmental sections of the school plan.

Key Points

• Through school self-evaluation, schools reflect on and review their day-to-day practices and their policies, with a particular focus on teaching and learning.
• It provides all schools, including DEIS schools, with an internal process for developing and progressing action planning for improvement.
• School self-evaluation involves reflective inquiry leading to action planning for improvement that is informed by evidence gathered within each school’s unique context.
• The process enables schools to use this evidence to identify meaningful and specific targets and actions for improvement that focus on teaching and learning practices and outcomes.
• It enables them to create and implement improvement plans, to measure their progress, and to identify their achievements. 

Hence, it is clear that through school self-evaluation, schools reflect on and review their day-to-day practices and their policies, with a particular focus on teaching and learning.

Additional Information

• School improvement is a system-wide application of behavioral science knowledge to the planned development and reinforcement of the school strategies, structures and processes for improving its effectiveness.
• A school development plan is a long-term plan aimed at improving teaching and learning at the school. The plan exhibits and highlights the main components that the school wants to improve and how those improvements are to be achieved.
• School External evaluations, in particular whole-school evaluations, take note of schools’ identified priorities and assess their teaching and learning practices.

National Education Policy (NEP) mentions various timelines for important themes and activities.

Key Points

• For training of teachers, NEP emphasizes continuous professional development (CPD) for improvement of skills of teachers and learning the latest innovations and advances in their professions through multiple modes, including in the form of local, regional, state, national, and international workshops as well as online teacher development modules.
• Each teacher is expected to participate in at least 50 hours of CPD opportunities every year for their own professional development, driven by their own interest, covering the latest pedagogies regarding foundational literacy and numeracy, formative and adaptive assessment of learning outcomes, competency-based learning, and related pedagogies, such as experiential learning, arts-integrated, sports-integrated, and storytelling-based approaches, etc.

Therefore, for continuous professional development and self-improvement, every teacher is supposed to at least devote 50 hrs every year.

Student protest/strike is a type of student activism that takes place on university campuses in the form of protest. Such protests/strikes cover a wide range of activities that reflect student displeasure with a particular political or academic issue, as well as mobilisation to transmit that dissatisfaction to authorities and society at large, with the goal of resolving the issue.

Key Points

• A teacher's duty is to understand the concern of the students and take the proper action. He should support the students for their valid points and try to end the strike by communication.
• From the students of the smallest classes to the students of the highest classes, teachers can be very successful in making ideal citizens with the effect of their association. It is not difficult to bring about a radical change in their thinking and nature.
• The ability to think good and bad comes in the developed mind of the youth of higher classes. The riotous and rebellious tendencies are growing in them only because many people call them good and bad, give harsh instructions, but having compassion and sympathy towards them, the ability to give them the right direction, and the person with the desire is not even after searching for them.

From the above discussion, it is clear that a teacher should support students for their valid demands and try to end the protest by proper communication by understanding their issues.

The correct answer is Vehicle with Siren/lights.

Key Points

• The free passage should be given to emergency vehicles while its multi-toned horn and the flasher are on.
• When an emergency vehicle, with its multi-toned horn and light flasher on, is approaching the person driving or riding such other vehicle shall:
  • Yield the right of way to the emergency vehicle.
  • Stop, if required, and remain stationary in that position until the emergency vehicle has passed.

Additional Information

• As per Rule 27 of the Motor Vehicles (Driving) Regulation, 2017,
  • Emergency Vehicle: 
    • Includes a vehicle used as an ambulance or for fire-fighting or for salvage purposes or a police vehicle,
    • It shall operate the multi-toned horn (siren) and the multi-coloured light with flasher only when the vehicle is responding to an emergency call or an alarm.
•  An emergency vehicle, while its multi-toned horn and the flasher are on, shall have the right of way over all the other vehicles.

School improvement involves a holistic process of planned change and improvement to assist the school as an organization in its responding to dynamic environment through the effective diagnosis and management of its structure, systems, and culture.

Key Points

Many activities contribute to an appropriate 'climate' for sustained school improvement. The important among these are:

• identification of key priorities and purpose, focused vision on students and learning
• identification of obstacles and how these might be overcome
• identification of key people-management and development implications as the school develops
• promotion of learning, development, and the sharing of knowledge promotion of creativity, and innovation
• ensuring staff, elected members, and the wider community understand why the school must develop and how they can contribute
• development of mechanisms for giving/receiving feedback and sharing ideas at all levels within the school and with stakeholders (community, parents, industry)

Hence, it is clear that the identification of obstacles and how these might be overcome contributes to school improvement.

Components connected in parallel provide alternative pathways for current flow. When cells are connected in parallel, the total voltages that they provide does not change. For example, when two or more 2 V cells are connected in parallel, they still provide a total voltage of 2 V.

Cl show different oxidation state as -1 to +7 due to vacant d orbital.

As oxygen is more electronegative than Cl.

Oxygen size is small hence its more electronegative and show -2 oxidation states.

2x + 7 (-2) = 0

x = +7

The same respiratory process which acts as catabolic pathway for respiratory substrates also acts as anabolic pathway for the synthesis of various intermediary metabolic products and secondary metabolites. The respiratory pathway, therefore acts both as catabolic as well as anabolic pathway. Thus, it is better to call it amphibolic pathway rather than a catabolic pathway alone.

Constantan is an alloy of copper (55%) and nickel (45%) where Manganin is an alloy of copper (84%) manganese(12%) and nickel (4%).
When all metals show increase in resistivity with increase in temperature and semiconductors show the reverse, Constantan and Manganin show a completely different property.
Their main feature is their low thermal variation of their resistivity, which is constant over a wide range of temperatures.
Metals, including alloys, have free electrons as charge carriers. Their movement controls by defects. One of defects of usual metal is oscillations of atoms due to temperature. More temperature - more oscillations - more collisions of electrons with atoms - less mobility - more resistivity. In alloys, like constantan and Manganin, atoms are in disorder. So they have big resistivity. Their additional disorder due to temperature increase is insignificant. That is why they have no temperature dependence on resistivity.
 

The primary pigment responsible for the red color in most red algae is R-phycoerythrin. This pigment gives the red algae their characteristic color. Red algae are commonly found in marine habitats, and R-phycoerythrin is the dominant pigment in their bodies.

The electromagnetic waves are not mechanical waves. There are vibrations of electric vectors and magnetic vectors in them. These vibrations do not need any particles present in the medium for their propagation. That's why electromagnetic waves do not require any medium for propagation.This means that electromagnetic waves can travel not only through air and solid materials, but also through the vacuum of space.

One molecule of sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) = 45 atoms
Number of moles of sugar = 1000/342 = 2.92
Number of molecules = 2.92 x 6.023 x 10²³
= 17.60 x 10²³
molecules Number of atoms = 45 x 17.60 x 10²³ 
= 7.92 x 10²⁵ atoms

The enthalpies of fusion for all reactions are always positive because melting of a solid is an endothermic process in which heat is supplied to the reaction Hence the sum of enthalpies of the product is greater than the sum of enthalpies of the reactant.

• Pteridophytes are most primitive vascular flowerless, spore-producing cryptogamic land plants, commonly called vascular cryptogams.
• They are sometimes called as Amphibians/botanical snakes/spore producing seedless tracheophytes.
• They are the first vascular land plants to have an independent sporophyte diploid plant body with true root, stem and leaves.
• In contrast bryophytes, the amphibians of the plant kingdom are devoid of true roots, stem, and leaves, with no vascular supply but root-like, non-vascular rhizoids, leaf-like, and stem-like structures are present.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Topic “PTERIDOPHYTES” of chapter Plant Kingdom. 

The metabolic pathway through which the electron passes from one carrier to another, is called the ETS and it is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Asexual spores in Ascomycetes are called Conidia and are produced exogenously by conidiocarps. Sexual spores in Ascomycetes are called Ascospores and are produced endogenously in asci present inside Ascocarps.

• Ectotherms are so-called cold-blooded animal that is any animal whose regulation of body temperature depends on external sources, such as sunlight or a heated rock surface.
• The ectotherms include the fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and invertebrates.
• The body temperatures of aquatic ectotherms are usually very close to those of the water.
• Ectotherms do not require as much food as warm-blooded animals (endotherms) of the same size, but most cannot deal as well with cold surroundings.

On moving down the group, the stability of-3 oxidation state decreases. This is due to the following reasons (i) On descending a group the size of the atom or ion increases. As a result, attraction of the nucleus per newly added electron decreases (ii) A large anion cannot fit easily into lattice ofa small cation, (iii) As the negative charge on the ion increases, it becomes more and more susceptible to polarisation.

Moles of S8 = 2.56/256 = 0.01
So, moles of SO₂  formed = 0.08
Rise in temperature = (273+26.72)K - (273+21.25)K
= 5.47 K
Total Energy in internal energy (as system is at constant volume) = -(923 jK-1 × 5.47 +815g×4.18)
= -23701.29 J = -23.70129 kJ
Thus change in internal energy per mole of formed = -23.7012kJ/0.08 = -296.3 kJ

For greater efficiency a food chain must have three to four trophic levels. At each trophic levels loss of energy is very high so very small amount of energy is left after there trophic level.

Temperature has a direct effect on working of enzymes. Through enzymes, it influences basal metabolism, activity and other physiological functions of the organisms. Hence, mango trees cannot grow in temperate countries like Canada and Germany.