OSSSC TGT Science CBZ Mock Test - 5 - OTET MCQ

If the student is rewarded for his work, he would be stimulated to work in a better way and start showing more interest towards his/her studies.

The Law of effect principle was propounded by Edward Thorndike. According to this principle, any behavior is followed by pleasant consequences that get repeated whereas if it is followed by unpleasant consequences it gets stops. Edward Thorndike has given a learning theory that leads to the development of operant conditioning within Behaviorism.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'E.L Thorndike.'

1. Decarboxylase and dehydrogenase

Explanation: In yeast fermentation, the conversion of pyruvic acid to ethanol occurs in two steps:

1. Pyruvic acid decarboxylase catalyzes the conversion of pyruvic acid to acetaldehyde by removing carbon dioxide.
2. Alcohol dehydrogenase then converts acetaldehyde to ethanol.

Thus, both decarboxylase and dehydrogenase are involved in this process, making option 1 the correct answer.

Bacteria are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera.
Blue-green algae come under Kingdom Monera.
Blue-green algae are also known as cyanobacteria.
Blue-green algae are photosynthetic autotrophs.

Development is the sequence of events that occur in the life history of a plant which includes seed germination, growth, differentiation, maturation, flowering, seed formation and senescence. The process of development is considered as the sum of growth and differentiation controlled by several intrinsic factors (including genetic and hormonal) and extrinsic factors (including light, temperature, water, oxygen, nutrients, etc).

Gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and Gnetales. They are characteristically woody plants with a main stem or trunk and branches. One of the distinctive features of gymnosperms is their reproductive structures, which are cones or strobili.

• Location of Cones: In gymnosperms, both male and female cones develop on the same tree. This is a key feature of many gymnosperms, although there are some exceptions.
  (i) Male Cones: The male cones, also known as pollen cones or microstrobili, are typically smaller than the female cones and are usually located lower on the tree. They produce pollen, which is carried by the wind to the female cones.
  (ii) Female Cones: The female cones, also known as seed cones or megastrobili, are usually larger and located higher up on the tree. They produce ovules, which, when fertilized by pollen, develop into seeds.

trans-zeatin riboside is the most abundant type of cytokinin found in coconut water (Table 2). trans-zeatin is normally used to induce plantlet regeneration from callus in plant tissue culture. Based on experimental data, trans-zeatin plays a key role in the G₂-M transition of tobacco cells.

Stem elongation is a kind of growth of stem.

Auxin and Gibberellin are known as growth hormones of plants. Therefore, stem elongation is affected by hormones Auxin and Gibberellin.

Growth, differentiation and development are very closely relatedevents in the life of a plant. Broadly, development is considered as thesum of growth and differentiation.

The cones bearing megasporophylls with ovules or megasporangiaare calledmacrosporangiate or femalestrobili.

According to chemiosmotic theory of Peter Mitchell, the transport of electrons across membranes is coupled to pumping of protons across the membranes, which establishes an electrochemical gradient. The electrochemical gradient of protons has an electrical component due to charge present on protons and a chemical component because of the hydrogen atom present in proton. Both the electrical and chemical gradients are used up to drive ATP synthesis by ATP synthase enzyme complex, when protons flow across the membranes through the ATP synthase enzyme system along the electrochemical gradient.

• Heterospory refers to the production of spores of two different sizes and developmental patterns: microspores for males and megaspores for females.
• Genera like Selaginella and Salvinia which produce two kinds of spores, macro (large) and micro (small) spores are known as heterosporous.

Fig: Heterosporous pteridophytes

Hence, the correct option is D.
NCERT Reference: Topic “PTERIDOPHYTES” of chapter Plant Kingdom.

• The formation of specialised structures in liverworts called gemmae (sing. gemma).
• Gemmae are green, multicellular, asexual buds, which develop in small receptacles called gemma cups located on the thalli.
• The gemmae become detached from the parent body and germinate to form new individuals.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Topic “Liverworts” of chapter Plant Kingdom.

Photolysis of water occurs at grana i.e., lumen side of grana thylakoid membrane with the help of water splitting complex or OEC (oxygen evolving complex). This step is associated with PS- II of Z- scheme.
Three minerals Mn ion, Ca+  +,Cl− are associated with splitting of water.

Cellular respiration takes place in two steps- Glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle. Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm of cells and Kreb’s cycle in mitochondria. So, first step of respiration takes place in cytoplasm.

• A xerophyte is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water, such as a desert or an ice- or snow-covered region in the Alps or the Arctic.
• Succulent (a xerophyte) plants store water in their stems or leaves.

• As we move higher from species to kingdom in the taxonomic hierarchy, the number of common characteristics shared among the members within the taxon decreases.
• Lower taxa have more shared characteristics, while higher taxa have fewer shared characteristics, making classification more complex at higher levels.

Diploid cell refers to the cells with two set of chromosomes. Haploid cells refer to the cells that have only a single set of chromosomes. The number of chromosomes in a haploid cell is half that of a diploid cell. Germ cells are haploid.

Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms and the abiotic (physico-chemical factors) and biotic components (other species) of their environment. Ecology encompasses the interactions and relationships between organisms and both their non-living (abiotic) and living (biotic) environment. It examines how organisms interact with factors such as climate, water, soil, and other organisms.

Therefore, option a) Abiotic and biotic components accurately describes the scope of ecology.

In the given scenario, the laboratory population of fruit flies consists of 40 fruit flies, and during a specified time interval, 4 individuals died. To calculate the death rate, we divide the number of deaths by the total population.

Number of deaths = 4
Total population = 40

Death rate = Number of deaths / Total population
= 4 / 40
= 0.1 individuals per fruitfly per week

Option a) "0.1 individuals per fruitfly per week" is the correct answer because it accurately represents the death rate calculated based on the given information.

• Maltose is a disaccharide made up of two units each of glucose.
• The two units of glucose are joined together covalently by an O-glycosidic bond which is formed when a hydroxyl group on one sugar reacts with the anomeric carbon on another.

• The name Archaebacteria, with its prefix meaning 'ancient'. Archaea constitute a domain of single celled microorganisms. These microbes are prokaryotes, meaning they have no cell nucleus. Archaebacteria have large differences in their ribosomal RNA structure. The particular RNA molecule sequenced, known as 16S rRNA, is present in them.
• They are the primitive bacterium of Moneran kingdom. The discovery of Archaea and its unique differences is exciting for scientists because it is believed that Archaebacteria's unique biochemistry might give us insight into the workings of very ancient life. 
• Another remarkable trait of Archaebacteria is their ability to survive in extreme environments, including very salty, very acidic, and very hot surroundings.

So, the correct option is Archaebacteria.

Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan (also called murein), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by unusual peptides containing D-amino acids. Bacterial cell walls are different from the cell walls of plants and fungi which are made of cellulose and chitin, respectively.

• Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth.
• Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and the oomycetes.

• An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic components that interact within a system.
• The components are linked together with various nutrient cycles and energy flows.
• The ecosystem might become unsafe and will collapse if the key species that drive major ecosystem functions are lost.

The molar mass of ZnO can be calculated by summing the atomic masses of zinc and oxygen atoms.

They are position isomers. 
Position isomerism :- When two or more compounds with the same molecular formula differ in the position of substituent atom or functional group on the carbon atom, they are called position  isomers and this phenomenon  is termed as position isomerism.
 

The correct option is D.
In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table; the f-block columns (between groups 3 and 4) are not numbered.