NVS TGT Science Mock Test - 7 - NVS TGT/PGT MCQ

The landmark in Singapore famous for its Supertrees is "Gardens by the Bay." Gardens by the Bay is a futuristic and iconic nature park located in the heart of Singapore. The Supertrees are vertical gardens that range in height from 25 to 50 meters and are designed with sustainable features like photovoltaic cells to harness solar energy. These Supertrees are not only visually stunning but also serve practical purposes like providing shade, acting as vertical gardens, and collecting rainwater for the park's irrigation system. Gardens by the Bay is a popular attraction in Singapore, offering visitors a unique and immersive experience amid a beautiful fusion of nature and technology.

India is ranked 64th out of 108 countries in the GRWI, reflecting a significant decline of 15 places from the previous year. Meanwhile, The top 5 countries which scored the highest on the Global Remote Work Index (GRWI) are Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, Spain and Sweden.

As 'Ophthalmia' is a disease of 'Eye' in the same way 'Rickets' is the disease of 'Bone'.

To embed an organization chart in a slide in Microsoft PowerPoint, follow these steps:
1. Open PowerPoint: Launch Microsoft PowerPoint on your computer.
2. Create a new slide: Click on the "Insert New Slide" button on the standard toolbar. This will create a new slide in your presentation.
3. Choose organization chart layout: Double-click on the "Organization Chart" auto layout option. This will insert a pre-designed organization chart placeholder on the slide.
4. Edit the organization chart: Click on the organization chart placeholder to open the "SmartArt Tools" tab on the ribbon. Here, you can add, remove, or modify the shapes and text within the organization chart to fit your specific needs.
5. Add content to the organization chart: Click on the individual shapes within the organization chart to add names, titles, and other relevant information. You can also use the "Promote" and "Demote" buttons on the ribbon to move shapes up or down in the hierarchy.
6. Customize the organization chart: Use the various formatting options available in the "SmartArt Tools" tab to change the colors, styles, and layouts of the organization chart. You can also adjust the size and position of the chart on the slide.
7. Save and present: Once you are satisfied with the organization chart, save your PowerPoint presentation and use the slideshow mode to present it to your audience.
By following these steps, you can easily embed an organization chart in a slide using Microsoft PowerPoint.

The smallest object in size that can be displayed on a monitor is called the Dot Pitch.

Dot Pitch refers to the physical distance between each pixel on a display screen. It is measured in millimeters and determines the sharpness and clarity of the image displayed on the monitor. A smaller dot pitch indicates a higher resolution and better image quality.

Other options mentioned in the question:

A. Picture element:
- Also known as a pixel, it is the smallest unit of information in a digital image.
- A pixel is made up of three sub-pixels (red, green, and blue) and represents a specific color or shade.
B. Point:
- A unit of measurement used in typography and printing.
- One point is equal to 1/72 inch and is used to determine the size of fonts and other graphical elements.
D. Aspect ratio:
- The ratio of the width to the height of a display screen.
- It determines the shape and dimensions of the screen and affects how content is displayed.

Therefore, the correct answer is C. Dot Pitch, as it specifically refers to the smallest object in size that can be displayed on a monitor.

The protocol that provides virtual terminal in the TCP/IP model is Telnet.
Telnet:
- Telnet is a network protocol that allows users to remotely access and control a virtual terminal over a TCP/IP network.
- It provides a command-line interface that enables users to execute commands and interact with remote hosts as if they were directly connected to them.
- Telnet uses TCP as the underlying transport protocol to establish a reliable connection between the local and remote hosts.
- It operates on port number 23 and sends data in clear text format, which means it is not secure for transmitting sensitive information.
- Telnet allows users to remotely manage devices, troubleshoot network issues, and administer systems without physically being present at the location.
Other options:
- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used for sending and receiving email messages.
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used for transmitting web pages and other resources over the internet.
- None of these options provide a virtual terminal functionality in the TCP/IP model.
Therefore, the correct answer is Telnet (option A).

Child who faces difficulties in teaching-learning process is considered as a child with learning disability. Dyscalculic students cannot understand mathematical concepts like number and its relations, operations, symbols, place value etc. Students with visual perceptual or motor disability have problems with remembering places and often forget one's own place. Dyslexic students have problems not only with reading but also with comprehension and understanding and hence, repeatedly ask questions. Hence, (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Teaching aids are helpful for teachers as well as for pupils. The use of such techniques encourages teacher; it makes teaching easier and effective, and teachers invest more in their lessons. It also generates interest of students in the topic; hence they pay more attention. Also such techniques can be used as a supplement for verbal and visual instructions. So all the statements are correct.

Given : f = 10 cm , m = 2
v / u = 2
v = 2u 
v = 2u -------(1)
according to lens formula , 
1/v - 1/u = 1/f
1/v - 1/u = 1/10 --------(2)
substitute (1) in (2)
1/2u - 1/u = 1/10
1 - 2 / 2u = 1/10
-1 / 2u = 1/10
-10 = 2u
u = -10/2
u = -5 cm
Therfore object should be placed 5 cm away from the lens.

When a light ray is incident oblikely on one face of rectangular glass slab, the emergent ray will be parallel to the incident ray and shifted sideward slightly.

 If philosophically speaking one could be physically at rest but mentally in motion for example when one is taking a nap, except one is dead, one's internal system is constantly in motion as breathing occurs, dreams, digestion etc. Rest is a state in physics that refers to an object being stationary relative to a particular frame of reference or another object; when the position of a body with respect to its surroundings does not change with time it is said to be "at rest".

The image in a plane mirror forms virtual and erect image and appears to be as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror. A diverging lens or a convex mirror forms a virtual image.A virtual image is produced by a concave mirror when the object is placed inside the focal length of the mirror.

• In the given reaction, the compound breaks down into two simpler products.
• Calcium carbonate is decomposed to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.

​​​​​​​So Option A is correct

We consider such a person, who imbibes the essence of the scientific method in his outlook, and uses it in his everyday life, as possessing “Scientific Temper”. She may not necessarily be a scientist, not even a science student, and yet have a scientific temper.

Key Points

This scientific temper or scientific attitude is characterized by the following traits :

• Healthy scepticism: The attitude of healthy scepticism implies that you do not accept others’ assertions unless these are logical, rational, and supported by proper evidence.
• Universalism: Universalism is thus an important characteristic of scientific temper.
• Freedom from prejudice or bias: There is no place for prejudice or bias, for otherwise, the conclusions can not be universal.
• Objectivity: The observations have to be objective. You observe things as they are, without trying to manipulate these to fit in some pre-conceived worldview.
• Open mindedness and humility: The observations also demand an open-mindedness, willingness to change conclusions in the light of reliable evidence, and humility, freedom from pride and arrogance, which comes from the realization of limitations of our intellect and ever-broadening horizons of knowledge.
• Rationality: The hallmark of all decision-making by a person with a “scientific temper” is logic and rationality.
• Perseverance - positive approach to failure: Perseverance, is another important characteristic of scientific attitude, for even the “flash of insight”, which characterizes many great scientific achievements, usually follows hard toil and reflection on the problem for long periods of time.

Hence, we can conclude that Scientific temper or scientific attitude is characterized by willingness to suspend judgement without sufficient evidence.

Z = 12, 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s² (n = 3)
Z = 17, 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵ (n = 3)

FORMULA FOR MASS BY VOLUME PERCENTAGE IS = TOTAL MASS OF SOLUTE / TOTAL VOLUME × 100 MASS OF SOLUTE = 3.5 G VOLUME = 100 THERE FOR 3.5G/100 ×100= 3.5 % 

Adrenaline, also known as the "fight or flight" hormone, is secreted by the adrenal medulla and plays a crucial role in preparing the body for physical stress during emergency situations. This hormone helps in increasing heart rate, dilating air passages, and mobilizing glucose to provide energy to the muscles, enabling a quick response to perceived threats.

Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that is flexible and resilient. It is found in various parts of the body, including the nose, ear, and larynx. However, it is not found in the kidney.

Pusa Lerma was developed from the wheat category named  Lerma Rojo using  mutation breeding owing to the objection of farmers to use the wheat supplied having low market value by Mexico to India.

Reasons why pea plants were more suitable than dogs for Mendel's experiments:
1. Pea plants can be self-fertilized:
- Pea plants have both male and female reproductive organs, allowing them to self-fertilize.
- This characteristic allowed Mendel to control the breeding process and ensure the traits he wanted to study were passed on to the next generation.
2. Dogs have many genetic traits:
- Dogs exhibit a wide range of genetic traits, making it difficult to isolate and study specific traits.
- Mendel needed a plant species with easily distinguishable and contrasting traits to observe the patterns of inheritance, which pea plants provided.
3. There are no pedigree records of dogs:
- Pedigree records, which document the lineage and genetic information of individuals, were not available for dogs during Mendel's time.
- Pea plants, on the other hand, were easier to track and study due to their simple genetic makeup and the ability to control their breeding.
4. The pea plants favor cross-fertilization:
- Pea plants naturally undergo cross-fertilization, where pollen from one plant is transferred to the female reproductive organ of another plant.
- This allowed Mendel to intentionally cross-pollinate plants with different traits, leading to the observation of predictable patterns of inheritance.
In conclusion, Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments because they could be easily self-fertilized, had distinct and observable traits, had available pedigree records, and naturally favored cross-fertilization. These characteristics made pea plants a more suitable choice for his groundbreaking studies on inheritance.

Explanation:
If the ova (eggs) do not fertilize, the following events will take place:
1. Menstruation: Menstruation refers to the shedding of the uterine lining that occurs when fertilization does not occur. The unfertilized egg, along with the thickened uterine lining, is expelled from the body through the vagina during menstruation.

2. Pregnancy: Since fertilization did not occur, there will be no pregnancy. Pregnancy occurs when a sperm fertilizes an egg, resulting in the implantation and development of an embryo in the uterus.
3. Implantation: Implantation is the process by which a fertilized egg attaches itself to the lining of the uterus. In the absence of fertilization, there will be no implantation.
4. Ovulation: Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the ovary. If fertilization does not occur, ovulation will still take place in the next menstrual cycle, as it is a regular process in the female reproductive system.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Menstruation.

Mixed cropping and intercropping:
Mixed cropping and intercropping are two agricultural practices where multiple crops are grown simultaneously on the same field. While both methods involve growing multiple crops together, intercropping differs from mixed cropping in the following ways:
Different crops in different rows:
- In intercropping, the different crops are grown in different rows, alternating with each other. This means that the crops are not mixed randomly but are strategically placed in separate rows.
- This arrangement allows for better utilization of resources such as sunlight, water, and nutrients, as the crops have different growth patterns and requirements.
- It also helps to minimize competition between crops for resources, leading to higher overall yields.
Reducing risk and providing insurance:
- One of the main advantages of intercropping is that it reduces the risk of crop failure.
- By growing different crops together, farmers can spread their risk and have a backup in case one crop fails.
- This provides insurance against the failure of a single crop and helps to stabilize agricultural production.
Other benefits of intercropping:
- Intercropping also has other advantages such as increased biodiversity, pest and disease management, and improved soil health.
- The presence of multiple crops can attract different beneficial insects that help in natural pest control.
- Some crop combinations also have a synergistic effect, where the growth of one crop benefits the growth of another.
- Additionally, intercropping can help improve soil fertility by fixing nitrogen, reducing soil erosion, and enhancing nutrient cycling.
In summary, while both mixed cropping and intercropping involve growing multiple crops together, intercropping differs from mixed cropping by strategically arranging different crops in separate rows and providing risk reduction and insurance against crop failure. Intercropping also offers additional benefits such as increased biodiversity, pest management, and improved soil health.

Science involves the process of finding the truth by testing and investigating with evidence gathered from the surroundings. It is also referred to as an accumulated and systematized way of learning.

• The science curriculum refers to the overall subject matter of science to be taught in a specific period of time in a particular class. It includes all the co-curricular and recreational activities that are to be conducted in a science classroom.

Key Points

• Good science education must be within the level of students so that they can understand the scientific concepts in depth.
• According to the NCF-2005 (National Curriculum Framework) the following are the basic criteria of validity of a science curriculum:

Hence, it could be concluded that the process validity of a good science education curriculum helps the students in "learning to learn" science.

The correct option is Option C.
In 1831, while investigating the fertilization mechanisms of plants in the Orchidaceae and Asclepiadaceae families, he noted the existence of a structure within the cells of orchids, as well as many other plants, that he termed the “nucleus” of the cell.
Johann Evangelist Purkinje) (17 or 18 December 1787 – 28 July 1869) was a Czech anatomist and physiologist. In 1839, he coined the term 'protoplasm' for the fluid substance of a cell. He was one of the best known scientists of his time.
The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, which can be found to be described in his book Micrographia. In this book, he gave 60 'observations' in detail of various objects under a coarse, compound microscope. One observation was from very thin slices of bottle cork.
By the late 1830s, botanist Matthias Schleiden and zoologist Theodor Schwann were studying tissues and proposed the unified cell theory. The unified cell theory states that: all living things are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; and new cells arise from existing cells.
 

सज्जन- के लिए सही संधि विच्छेद: सत्+जन

• सज्जन का संधि विच्छेद = सत् + जन, जिन व्यंजनों में परिवर्तन के कारण संधि है = त्/द् + ज = ज्ज
• सज्जन - सत् + जन

Key Pointsयदि दन्त्य स् या त् वर्ग से पहले या बाद में तालव्य ‘श’ या च वर्ग का कोई एक वर्ण आये तो दन्त्य ‘स’ का तालव्य ‘श’ में और त् वर्ग को च् वर्ग में बदल देते हैं।

• व्यंजन संधि के उदाहरण :-
  • सत् + जन = सज्जन
  • जगत् + जननी = जगज्जननी
  • उद् + ज्वल = उज्जवल

Additional Information

दिए गए सभी विकल्पों में सही उत्तर विकल्प 3 ‘जाए’ है। अन्य विकल्प इसके त्रुटिपूर्ण उत्तर हैं।

Key Points

• उपरोक्त विकल्पों में ‘जाए’ शब्द संभाव्य भविष्यत काल के लिए उचित शब्द होगा।
• पूर्ण वाक्य है- शायद कल मीरा दिल्ली जाए।
• क्रिया के जिस रूप से काम का आने वाले समय में करना या होना प्रकट हो, उसे भविष्यतकाल कहते है।
• भविष्यत काल के भेद-

1. सामान्य भविष्यत काल
2. सम्भाव्य भविष्यत काल
3. हेतुहेतुमद्भविष्य भविष्यत काल

Additional Information

उपर्युक्त विकल्पों में से विकल्प "सूरज" सही है।

Key Points

• सूरज शब्द एकवचन शब्द है।
• केश, नेत्र व रोम शब्द बहुवचन शब्द होते हैं।
• सूरज के पर्याय
  • अंशुमान, सूर्य, रवि, दिनकर, दिवाकर, प्रभाकर, भास्कर।

Additional Information

• हिन्दी में निम्न शब्द सदैव बहुवचन में ही प्रयुक्त होते हैं-
  • होश,आँसू, आदरणीय, व्यक्ति हेतु प्रयुक्त शब्द आप,दर्शन, भाग्य, दाम, हस्ताक्षर, प्राण, समाचार, बाल, लोग, होश, हाल-चाल।