DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - DSSSB TGT/PGT/PRT MCQ

For this question, We have to find the missing part of given image. The missing part is similar to other parts of image and can complete the image in a proper way.

Here, The missing part is similar to Option (2).

Hence, Option (2) is correct.

• Lime juice is basically citric acid found in lemon and baking soda is Sodium Bicarbonate. 
• When these two react, salt and water along with carbon dioxide are formed. 
• This carbon dioxide is the reason for brisk effervescence observed when the reaction takes place. 
• Carbon dioxide is a heat-trapping gas released in large quantities from the burning of fossil fuels, industries, and other human activities. 
• C₆H₈O₇ (Citric Acid) + 3NaHCO₃ (Baking Soda) ⇒ 3CO₂(gas) + 3H₂O (water) + Na₃C₆H₅O₇ (Salt- Sodium citrate)

Former Pakistan Prime Minister and Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) leader Yusuf Raza Gilani has been elected Chairman of the Senate, the upper house of Parliament. PML-N's Syedul Khan Nasir was elected unopposed as Deputy Chairman of the Senate. In a session of the Pakistani Senate, a total of 41 newly elected senators took oath as members of the House.

Prime numbers between 1 and 30 →13, 17, 19, 23 and 29 (5)
Rest are prime numbers.
Total numbers 12 to 29 = 18
Total composite numbers = 13

Hence, Option A is correct.

Let the average age of all the 17 persons = X years
Age of 17th persons = X + 8 years 
16 × 60.50 + X + 8 = 17 × X
976 = 16X 
X = 61 
So the answer = 61 + 8 = 69 years
Hence, Option D is correct.

Hence, Option D is correct.

By the rule of chords, cutting externally, we get:

(9 + 6) * 6 = (5 + x) * 5
90 = 25 + 5x
5x = 65
x = 13 cm

The relative speed is 20 kmph. Also, the pedestrian should take 7:30 hours more than the cyclist.
Using option (a) the speeds of the two people are 4km/hr and 16 km/hr respectively. At this speed,
the respective times would be 10 hrs and 2:30 hours, giving the required answer.

If you start at 12 noon, you would reach at 4:30 PM. You would be able to meet the train which
left Mumbai at 8 AM, 9 AM, 10 AM, 11 AM, 12 Noon, 1 PM, 2 PM, 3 PM and 4 PM – a total of 9
trains.

Answer: A (is)

Explanation:
- In the given sentence, "some of the rice" is the subject.
- "Rice" is an uncountable noun, which means it cannot be counted as individual items or units.
- When dealing with uncountable nouns, we use singular verbs, such as "is" in this case.
- Thus, the correct sentence is: "Some of the rice is still left."

The correct option to complete the analogy is:
B: Seed

Explanation:

- Flower : Bud
- A bud is an undeveloped or embryonic shoot and is the beginning of a flower. It represents the initial stage of the flower's growth.

- Plant : Seed
- A seed is a matured ovule of a flowering plant that contains an embryo and is capable of developing into a new plant. It represents the initial stage of the plant's growth.

According to the passage, 'Yet Shakespeare does so without dismissing the validity of science; instead, he seeks to understand it. Far from creating a bifurcation by which science and poetry are in separate domains, he embraces the world of science and creates poetic worlds that reflect deeply and philosophically on scientific insights and their human implications, recognising that science will become deeply enmeshed in our lives.' This shows that Shakespeare was keen on integrating science and poetry in his plays, considering that science was essential for human beings.

According to the passage, 'In fact, Shakespeare explores the philosophical, psychological, and cultural impact of many more scientific fields besides human anatomy, reflecting poetically on theories about germs, atoms, matter, falling bodies, planetary motion, heliocentrism, alchemy, the humours, algebra, Arabic numerals, Pythagorean geometry, the number zero, and the infinite. The inquiries that drove Renaissance science, and the universe it disclosed, are deeply integrated into Shakespeare's poetic worlds.' Therefore, option 3 is the right answer.

The psycho-motor domain is the domain of learning that involves physical movement and coordination. It is concerned with the development of physical skills, including fine and gross motor skills, as well as perceptual-motor skills.

Key Points

• It is often associated with learning outcomes related to physical education, sports, and other activities that require physical coordination and dexterity.
• On the other hand, emotional development belongs to the affective domain of learning, which is concerned with the development of attitudes, values, and emotions.
• Examples of activities that engage the psycho-motor domain include playing musical instruments, dancing, playing sports, painting, and drawing. The development of the psycho-motor domain is important for overall physical health and well-being.

Thus, it is concluded that Only I is correct.

Lawrence Kohlberg, an American psychologist, has propounded the 'Theory of Moral Development'. He has made a systematic study of moral development in his theory that is categorized into 3 levels and 6 stages.

Important Points

Refer to the table to be familiar with all the levels of Kohlberg's theory.

Hence, it could be concluded that according to Kohlberg's theory of moral development & his various stages, Ego-centric judgement is not a level proposed by him.

Immediate memory is a type or stage of memory in which an individual recalls information recently presented. In above case shoe bite is the situation which is not permanent hence its memory will erase after some time so it comes in immediate memory. Key Points

• Immediate memory is the capacity to store a small amount of information in the mind and keep it readily available for a short period of time. It is also known as primary or active memory.
• In immediate memory simple tasks gets processed first, information that is more complex and demanding goes into working memory, and, if it's tagged with emotional importance or special relevance, it ends in long-term memory.

Hence, we can conclude that following case is of Immediate memory.

Additional Information

• Long-term memory refers to the memory process in the brain that takes information from the short-term memory store and creates long lasting memories. These memories can be from an hour ago or several decades ago. Long-term memory can hold an unlimited amount of information for an indefinite period of time.
• An episodic memory is a memory of a specific event. Because each person has a different perspective and experience of an event, episodic memories of that event are unique to each person.
• Sensory memory is the perception of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch information entering through the sensory cortices of the brain and relaying through the thalamus. It lasts only milliseconds and is mostly outside conscious awareness.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the occurrence of unwanted, intrusive obsessive thoughts and distressing images which are usually accompanied by compulsive behaviors.

• Compulsive behaviors are carried out either to undo or neutralize the obsessions or to prevent the occurrence of some dreadful event.

Key Points

• Cognitive-behavior therapy is a type of treatment that helps individuals cope with and change problematic thoughts, behaviors, and emotions.
• The treatment you are beginning is a specialized type of cognitive-behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) called Exposure and Ritual Prevention.
• The treatment we offer will break the automatic bond between feelings of anxiety and ritual behaviors.

Important Points

• Technically, obsession means intrusive thoughts, images and impulses often of a negative or unacceptable kind, despite one’s desire to get rid of it. Compulsion means being compelled from within to perform certain ritualistic acts, because otherwise you are afraid of some danger befalling you.
• These thoughts do not concern real life problems at the moment, and are often irrelevant to present reality. The person has insight and tries to remove these thoughts, but often cannot succeed.
• The content of the obsessive thoughts has unusual fear of contamination, fear of harming oneself or one’s own loved ones, religious themes, themes of sexuality specially the unacceptable forms, wishing ill for others .
• Compulsions are repetitive overt behaviours like washing or checking or mental acts like counting or praying in response to an obsessive thought.
  • For example: These are cleaning (for example, repeated washing), checking (for example, repeatedly coming back to home to check if the door has been locked properly)
• The obsessions and compulsion as coexistent, there may be cases where only obsession or compulsion predominates.

Therefore, it can be concluded that Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be successfully treated using cognitive behavioural therapy

Evaluation is done to assess or evaluate someone's performance in a specified field. It is a component of assessment in education.

• The teacher does the evaluation of the student's performance to do analysis and to get the idea of the achievement of a student.
• After the evaluation, the feedback is very important to provide to the students in order to stimulate the learning process.

Key Points

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE)

• It is a school-based evaluation that covers all aspects of school activities (scholastic and co-scholastic) related to child development.
  • Co-scholastic activities are those activities that are usually outside the normal classroom and do not provide any academic grades. They supplement the classroom curriculum and complement the learning.
• It aims to reduce the curricular workload on students to improve the overall abilities and skills of the students.
• It gives importance to the continuity of evaluation and the comprehensive assessment of learning outcomes.
• It evaluates all the three domains of learning i.e., cognitive, affective, and psychomotor.
• The feedback is provided to the students to help in student learning so that they can improve their abilities by working more on their weaknesses.
• The teacher also gets feedback that helps him to encounter the strengths and weaknesses of the students and can further help the teacher to adapt the instructional strategies accordingly.
• The evidence obtained from CCE can be used to analyze and interpret by self-reference as a teacher can use his own reference to interpret and analyze the obtained data to understand the process of evaluation in depth.

So, it is concluded that CCE emphasizes only scholastic aspects of students' performance is not a characteristic of CCE.

Confusion Points

The Direct Method is a language teaching method that emphasizes the use of target language communication and immersion. It aims to develop oral proficiency and natural language use through direct interaction and contextual learning.

Key PointsHere's an explanation of the statements:

• A. Concrete vocabulary is taught through demonstration, objects, and pictures:
  • In the Direct Method, concrete vocabulary, which refers to words representing tangible and easily observable objects or actions, is taught through various visual aids, demonstrations, objects, and pictures.
  • The emphasis is on providing direct experiences and visual references to help learners understand and remember the meaning of the words.
• B. Abstract vocabulary is taught by association of ideas:
  • Abstract vocabulary, which includes words representing concepts, ideas, or qualities that are not easily observable, is taught in the Direct Method by associating them with familiar ideas or contexts.
  • Rather than relying on the translation or explicit definitions, learners are encouraged to make connections and associations between the new abstract words and their existing knowledge or experiences.

Both of these statements reflect the characteristics of the Direct Method in terms of vocabulary instruction. Therefore, the correct answer is both A and B are true.

The correct answer is "option 4".

CONCEPT:

• A supercomputer is a computer that gives a high level of performance as compared to any general-purpose computer.
• The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in Floating-Point Operations Per Second (FLOPS).

Option 1:

The Cray-2 is a supercomputer with four vector processors made by Cray Research starting in 1985. At 1.9 GFLOPS peak performance, it was the fastest machine in the world when it was released, replacing the Cray X-MP in that spot. It was, in turn, replaced in that spot by the Cray Y-MP in 1988.

Option 2:

Tianhe-2 or TH-2 is a 33.86-petaflops supercomputer located in the National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, China. It was developed by a team of 1,300 scientists and engineers.

Option 3:

Cray X-MP was a supercomputer designed, built and sold by Cray Research. It was announced in 1982 as the "cleaned up" successor to the 1975 Cray-1, and was the world's fastest computer from 1983 to 1985 with a quad-processor system performance of 800 MFLOPS. In 1985 Bell Labs purchased a Cray X-MP/24 for $10.5 million along with eight DD-49 1.2 GB drives for an additional $1 million. They received $1.5 million of trade-in credit for their Cray-1

The teaching machine is primarily made up of a program, which is a system of combined teaching and testing items that guides the student through the material to be learned progressively.

Key Points

• Sidney L. Pressey was an American psychologist who is credited with developing the first teaching machine in the 1920s.
• The teaching machine was an early form of computer-based learning that used mechanical devices to present questions and exercises to students and provide feedback on their responses.
• Pressey's machine used a series of buttons and lights to simulate multiple-choice questions and provide immediate feedback on correct and incorrect answers.
• The machine was designed to be used for drill-and-practice exercises in a variety of subjects, including math, spelling, and foreign languages.
• Pressey's teaching machine was a significant development in the field of education technology, paving the way for future innovations in computer-based learning and adaptive learning systems.

Hence, it is clear that S.L. Pressey developed the teaching machine in education.

Additional Information

• The work of B.F. Skinner, who developed operant conditioning theory, was also influenced by Pressey's work on the teaching machine.
• James Lumsdaine is best known for his work on the development of educational tests and for his research on the effects of instruction and learning on human performance.
• Benjamin Bloom's taxonomy is a set of three hierarchical models that refers to the classification of educational learning objectives.

Reliability and validity are central issues in all measurements.

• Both concern connecting measures to constructs.
• All researchers want their measures to be reliable and valid. Both ideas help to establish the truthfulness, credibility, or believability of findings.

Key Points Reliability of a test:

• The idea behind reliability is that any significant results must be repeatable. Other researchers must be able to perform exactly the same experiment, under the same conditions and generate the same results.
• Reliability is the consistency of measurement or the degree to which an instrument measures the same way each time it is used under the same condition with the same subjects. In short, it is the repeatability of measurement. A measure is considered reliable if a person’s score on the same test given twice is similar.
• Reliability is an estimate.
• Test-retest reliability, parallel form reliability, and spilt form reliability are major ways of estimating the external and internal consistency of a test.

Hence, it can be concluded that the reliability of a test means the consistency of test scores.

Mathematics is a science that deals with logical reasoning, quantitative calculation, practices of counting describing shapes, abstraction of subject matter, etc. Mathematics plays a vital role in daily life.

• A mathematical game is a game whose rules, strategies, and outcomes are defined by clear mathematical parameters. Often, such games have simple rules and match procedures, such as Tic-tac-toe and Dots and Box

Important PointsFollowing are the merits of mathematical games:-

• Children also learn with concrete materials and games and can make sense of the formal knowledge given to them in school through such learning experiences. Their concrete ideas become abstract while learning through mathematical games.
• Games provide 'hands-on' interactive tasks for both school and home. Learning is done in an open environment outside the boundaries of the four walls.
• Games provide opportunities for building self-concept and developing positive attitudes towards mathematics, by reducing the fear of failure and error. The harmful effects of fear, anger, hatred, etc., can be easily guided.
• Games can allow children to operate at different levels of thinking.
• Children can learn many basic mathematical concepts through games.

Thus, it is concluded that all the above options are the merits of mathematical games.

National Education Policy 2020 is the first education policy of the 21st century and aims to address the many growing developmental imperatives of our country.

• This Policy proposes the revision and revamping of all aspects of the education structure, including its regulation and governance, to create a new system that is aligned with the aspirational goals of the 21st century.

Key Points

• By talking of holistic development, NEP-2020 wants to pay attention to giving due importance to all cognitive, conative, and affective domains as learning becomes most effective when the development of cognitive, affective, and conative domains of children takes place.
• These domains are proposed by Benjamin Bloom in his taxonomy. It is a set of three hierarchical models that refers to the classification of educational learning objectives.

Let's understand these domains in the context of a child's learning and development:

• Cognitive domains: In this domain, a child deals with knowledge and hence, learns to create, evaluate, analyze, etc.
• Affective domains: This domain comes into play when the child grows in emotional areas such as feelings, attitudes, etc.
• Psychomotor domains: It is concerned with acquiring skills that require the integration of mental and physical movements.

Hence, we can conclude that by talking of holistic development, NEP-2020 wants to pay attention to giving due importance to all cognitive, conative, and affective domains.

The cooperative learning model was developed to achieve at least three important instructional goals: academic achievement, acceptance of diversity and social skill development (through teamwork). This is a specific small group approach that incorporates democratic processes, individual accountability, equal opportunity and group rewards. A number of types of cooperative learning activities and models are frequently used in today’s classroom such as student teams achievement divisions, jigsaw and group investigation. Guidelines for Using Cooperative Learning:

• Limit group size to three to five students.
• Compose groups heterogeneously by mixing students considering academic achievement, sex and race.
• Give each student in the group a specific role, responsibility or task that contributes to the success of group.
• Use cooperative learning as a supplemental activity for review, enrichment or practice, allowing student in the group to help one another master material. Groups can also complete projects such as reports, presentations, experiments and artwork.
• Consider room arrangement, task materials and time frame as you plan cooperative activities.
• Grade individual students’ contributions.
• Consider providing a group reward to students in the group.
• Vary group composition so that no student feels labelled by being in a ‘slow’ group and all students have an opportunity during the school year to work with every other student in the class.
• For cooperating learning groups to function effectively, collaborative social skills must be taught, modelled and reinforced regularly.

Hence, we conclude that all the guidelines must a teacher follow for using Cooperative learning method in the classroom.

Constructivism is a theory that regards learning as an active process in which learners construct and internalize new concepts, ideas, and knowledge based on past knowledge and experiences.

Key Points

• Social Constructivism (SC): SC emphasizes the role of culture and context in developing personal and shared interpretations of reality. It emerged largely from the work of Piaget, Vygotsky, Bruner, and Bandura.
• Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist, laid the foundation of social constructivism by adopting a socio-cultural approach to cognitive development based on the assumption that action is mediated and cannot be separated from the social milieu in which it occurs.
• The social constructivist model proposed by him emphasizes culture as the prime determinant of individual development. Learners are believed to be encultured into their learning community and learning is considered to be largely situation or context-specific activity.
• Language plays an important role in Vygotskian constructivism. Language is initially used as a means of communication between adults and children. Gradually it is internalized into a means of the child’s own thinking and control of his/her own activity.

Important Points

• ​Pramati has her students choose from a variety of books to read. Those students who read a particular book are made to discuss the book on a regular basis:
  • Here, the teacher focuses on reading and discussing the book so it increases their vocabulary and constructs their knowledge. It facilitates their reading and understanding of the text.
• Arundhati emphasizes the importance of using contextual material to help determine the meaning of new words:
  • Here, the teacher emphasizes the use of contextual materials so the students could relate words in the context. Using such materials develop contextual understanding in depth.

Thus, it is concluded that (ii), (iii) set exemplify a social constructivist approach to facilitate reading among students.

Hint

• Salma uses flashcards to help students learn new words and rewards them with candy for correct responses: It is a behavioristic view of learning as a reward strengthens the Stimulus-Response bond. It is both verbal such as praising, or awarding; and non-verbal such as nodding the head in appreciation, smiling, etc.
• Rekha has her students write each word they miss on a spelling test five times to help them remember the word: Here, the teacher is focusing on rote memorization.