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DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - DSSSB TGT/PGT/PRT MCQ


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30 Questions MCQ Test - DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 for DSSSB TGT/PGT/PRT 2024 is part of DSSSB TGT/PGT/PRT preparation. The DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 questions and answers have been prepared according to the DSSSB TGT/PGT/PRT exam syllabus.The DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 MCQs are made for DSSSB TGT/PGT/PRT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 below.
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DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 1

Find the value of x in the given figure.

Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 1

By the rule of chords, cutting externally, we get:

(9 + 6) * 6 = (5 + x) * 5
90 = 25 + 5x
5x = 65
x = 13 cm

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 2

A pedestrian and a cyclist start simultaneously towards each other from Aurangabad and Paithanwhich are 40 km apart and meet 2 hours after the start. Then they resumed their trips and thecyclist arrives at Aurangabad 7 hours 30 minutes earlier than the pedestrian arrives at Paithan.Which of these could be the speed of the pedestrian?

Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 2

The relative speed is 20 kmph. Also, the pedestrian should take 7:30 hours more than the cyclist.
Using option (a) the speeds of the two people are 4km/hr and 16 km/hr respectively. At this speed,
the respective times would be 10 hrs and 2:30 hours, giving the required answer.

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DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 3

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question based on it.
Until relatively recently, Shakespeare's contact with the scientific world has gone largely unnoticed among both scholars and general audiences. Perhaps Shakespeare scholars and audiences don't notice the way he takes up science because they are unfamiliar with much of the science he was exposed to, while most scientists don't see Shakespeare as valuable for reflecting on science because they assume he was unfamiliar with it. Usually, even when readers are made aware of Shakespeare's references to this or that scientific subject - perhaps Hamlet's reference to infinity or Lear's allusions to atomism - these are treated as little more than interesting artefacts, window-dressing to Shakespeare's broader human concerns.
A small but growing number of scholars are now taking up the connection between Shakespeare and science. And, spurred perhaps by science fiction, by the ways that science factors in the works of key late-modern writers such as Nabokov, Pynchon, and Wallace, and by the rise of scientific themes in contemporary literary fiction, a growing number of readers are aware that writers can and do take up science, and many are interested in what they do with it.
When we familiarise ourselves with the history of science, we see the imaginative worlds Shakespeare creates to demonstrate science's power to shape our self-understanding, and the power of the literary arts to shape our response to science. We also see that Shakespeare was remarkably prescient about the questions that science would raise for our lives. He explores, for example, how we are personally affected by the uncertainties that cosmological science can introduce, or what it means when scientists claim that our first-hand experience is illusory, or how we respond when science probes into matters of the heart.
Shakespeare takes up references to the morbid art, and to other new discoveries, to show that when scientific investigations yield new ideas about nature, what ensues is an altered relation to ourselves. In fact, Shakespeare explores the philosophical, psychological, and cultural impact of many more scientific fields besides human anatomy, reflecting poetically on theories about germs, atoms, matter, falling bodies, planetary motion, heliocentrism, alchemy, the humours, algebra, Arabic numerals, Pythagorean geometry, the number zero, and the infinite. The inquiries that drove Renaissance science, and the universe it disclosed, are deeply integrated into Shakespeare's poetic worlds.
By the example of his own plays, Shakespeare suggests that one of the poet's most important tasks in an age dominated by science is to survey the full extent of science's power to shape our minds and souls, and then to turn to the poetic imagination in response. He introduces us to new scientific ways of thinking and encourages us to reflect upon the uncertainties and paradoxes that science presents to us. And he shows us how to create the language and poetic ideas that might help us to counteract science's reductionist tendencies.
Yet Shakespeare does so without dismissing the validity of science; instead, he seeks to understand it. Far from creating a bifurcation by which science and poetry are in separate domains, he embraces the world of science and creates poetic worlds that reflect deeply and philosophically on scientific insights and their human implications, recognising that science will become deeply enmeshed in our lives. For Shakespeare, poetry has the power to help us to live with the revelations of science, and so science must make way for poetry.

Q. The passage is primarily concerned with which of the following?

Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 3

According to the passage, 'Yet Shakespeare does so without dismissing the validity of science; instead, he seeks to understand it. Far from creating a bifurcation by which science and poetry are in separate domains, he embraces the world of science and creates poetic worlds that reflect deeply and philosophically on scientific insights and their human implications, recognising that science will become deeply enmeshed in our lives.' This shows that Shakespeare was keen on integrating science and poetry in his plays, considering that science was essential for human beings.

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 4

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question based on it.

Until relatively recently, Shakespeare's contact with the scientific world has gone largely unnoticed among both scholars and general audiences. Perhaps Shakespeare scholars and audiences don't notice the way he takes up science because they are unfamiliar with much of the science he was exposed to, while most scientists don't see Shakespeare as valuable for reflecting on science because they assume he was unfamiliar with it. Usually, even when readers are made aware of Shakespeare's references to this or that scientific subject - perhaps Hamlet's reference to infinity or Lear's allusions to atomism - these are treated as little more than interesting artefacts, window-dressing to Shakespeare's broader human concerns.
A small but growing number of scholars are now taking up the connection between Shakespeare and science. And, spurred perhaps by science fiction, by the ways that science factors in the works of key late-modern writers such as Nabokov, Pynchon, and Wallace, and by the rise of scientific themes in contemporary literary fiction, a growing number of readers are aware that writers can and do take up science, and many are interested in what they do with it.
When we familiarise ourselves with the history of science, we see the imaginative worlds Shakespeare creates to demonstrate science's power to shape our self-understanding, and the power of the literary arts to shape our response to science. We also see that Shakespeare was remarkably prescient about the questions that science would raise for our lives. He explores, for example, how we are personally affected by the uncertainties that cosmological science can introduce, or what it means when scientists claim that our first-hand experience is illusory, or how we respond when science probes into matters of the heart.
Shakespeare takes up references to the morbid art, and to other new discoveries, to show that when scientific investigations yield new ideas about nature, what ensues is an altered relation to ourselves. In fact, Shakespeare explores the philosophical, psychological, and cultural impact of many more scientific fields besides human anatomy, reflecting poetically on theories about germs, atoms, matter, falling bodies, planetary motion, heliocentrism, alchemy, the humours, algebra, Arabic numerals, Pythagorean geometry, the number zero, and the infinite. The inquiries that drove Renaissance science, and the universe it disclosed, are deeply integrated into Shakespeare's poetic worlds.
By the example of his own plays, Shakespeare suggests that one of the poet's most important tasks in an age dominated by science is to survey the full extent of science's power to shape our minds and souls, and then to turn to the poetic imagination in response. He introduces us to new scientific ways of thinking and encourages us to reflect upon the uncertainties and paradoxes that science presents to us. And he shows us how to create the language and poetic ideas that might help us to counteract science's reductionist tendencies.
Yet Shakespeare does so without dismissing the validity of science; instead, he seeks to understand it. Far from creating a bifurcation by which science and poetry are in separate domains, he embraces the world of science and creates poetic worlds that reflect deeply and philosophically on scientific insights and their human implications, recognising that science will become deeply enmeshed in our lives. For Shakespeare, poetry has the power to help us to live with the revelations of science, and so science must make way for poetry.

Q. What is the author's opinion about Shakespeare's attitude towards Renaissance science?

Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 4

According to the passage, 'In fact, Shakespeare explores the philosophical, psychological, and cultural impact of many more scientific fields besides human anatomy, reflecting poetically on theories about germs, atoms, matter, falling bodies, planetary motion, heliocentrism, alchemy, the humours, algebra, Arabic numerals, Pythagorean geometry, the number zero, and the infinite. The inquiries that drove Renaissance science, and the universe it disclosed, are deeply integrated into Shakespeare's poetic worlds.' Therefore, option 3 is the right answer.

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 5

टांग अड़ाना का अर्थ है -

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 6

"बच्चे बस से पाठशाला जाते हैं।" इस वाक्य में कौन सा कारक हैं?

Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 6

"बच्चे बस से पाठशाला जाते है।" में करण कारक है।

संज्ञा आदि शब्दों के जिस रूप से क्रिया के करने के साधन का बोध हो अर्थात् जिसकी सहायता से कार्य संपन्न हो वह करण कारक कहलाता है। इसके हिन्दी पर्याय ‘से’ के ‘द्वारा’ है। जिसकी सहायता से कोई कार्य किया जाए, उसे करण कारक कहते हैं। जैसे – वह कलम से लिखता है। इस वाक्य में ‘कलम’ करण है, क्योंकि लिखने का काम कलम से किया गया है।

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 7
निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा शब्द स्त्रीलिंग नहीं है?
Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 7

सही उत्तर 'बुढ़ापा' है।

Key Points

  • 'बुढ़ापा' शब्द पुल्लिंग है।
  • स्पष्टीकरण- उसका अब बुढ़ापा आ गया है- इस वाक्य से स्पष्ट होता है कि 'बुढ़ापा' पुल्लिंग शब्द है,
  • 'बुढ़ापा' आ गयी है- ऐसा कहना अनुचित होगा क्योंकि 'बुढ़ापा' शब्द का प्रयोग स्त्रीलिंग में करना वाक्य को गलत कर रहा है

अन्य शब्द स्त्रीलिंग हैं।

'दया' आयी, 'सुबह' हो गयी, 'अध्यापिका' कक्षा से बाहर चली गयीं। इन वाक्यों से स्पष्ट होता है की 'दया', 'सुबह' और 'अध्यापिका' स्त्रीलिंग के रूप में प्रयुक्त किये जाते हैं।

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 8

निम्नलिखित प्रश्न में, चार विकल्पों में से, उस विकल्प का चयन करें जो दिए गए लोकोक्ति का सही अर्थ वाला विकल्प हो।

जिसकी उतर गई लोई उसका क्या करेगा कोई-

Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 8

जिसकी उतर गई लोई उसका क्या करेगा कोई- लोकोक्ति का सही अर्थ वाला विकल्प निर्लज्ज को किसी की परवाह नहीं होती होगा।

  • वाक्य प्रयोग :- जब लोगों ने उसे बिरादरी से ख़ारिज कर दिया है अब वह खुलेआम आवारागर्दी कर रहा है सही कहा जाता है कि 'जिसकी उतर गई लोई तो क्या करेगा कोई’।

Key Points अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण -

Additional Informationलोकोक्ति :- किसी विशेष स्थान पर प्रसिद्ध हो जाने वाले वाक्य को ‘लोकोक्ति’ कहते हैं।

  • जब कोई पूरा कथन किसी प्रसंग विशेष में उद्धत किया जाता है तो लोकोक्ति कहलाता है। इसी को कहावत भी कहते है।
  • लोकोक्ति शब्द दो शब्दों से मिलकर बना हैं – लोक + उक्ति = लोकोक्ति
  • अर्थात ऐसी उक्ति जो किसी क्षेत्र विशेष में किसी विशेष अर्थ की ओर संकेत करती हैं लोकोक्ति कहलाती हैं। लोकोक्तियों को कहावत, सुक्ति आदि नामों से जाना जाता हैं।
DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 9

Which of the following statement is correct regarding early intervention?

I. Early intervention refers to planned and organized efforts to enhance the development of children.

II. It helps to address developmental delays and can make a crucial difference in children’s life.

Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 9

A child's development can be defined as the sequence of changes that occur in the physical, linguistic, thought, and emotional aspects of the brain in a child from the moment of birth until the beginning of adulthood.

Key Points

  • Early intervention refers to planned and organized efforts to enhance the development of children. Early intervention services are designed to support the growth and development of children from birth to age 3 who have developmental delays or disabilities or who are at risk of developmental delays due to certain medical or environmental factors.
  • Early intervention can make a crucial difference in children’s lives. Research has shown that early identification and intervention can improve outcomes for children with developmental delays or disabilities. Early intervention can help address areas of delay or disability and can support children in developing the skills they need to succeed in school and in life.

Thus, it is concluded that Both I and II is correct.

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 10

Which cultural factor can greatly impact a student's ability to learn?

Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 10

Cultural factors refer to the various social and cultural aspects that shape individuals' values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. These factors can be rooted in different aspects of culture, such as language, religion, ethnicity, nationality, socioeconomic status, gender, and age, among others.

Key Points

  • Language is one of the most fundamental ways in which we communicate and learn. Students who speak a different language at home than the one used in the classroom may struggle to understand and keep up with the material.
  • The language barrier can make it difficult for students to express themselves and communicate their ideas effectively.
  • Therefore, educators must recognize the significance of language and its impact on learning, and create inclusive and culturally responsive classrooms that support multilingual students and facilitate their language acquisition.

Hence, it is concluded that language factors can greatly impact a student's ability to learn.

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 11

What is the psycho-motor domain?

I. The domain of learning that involves physical movement and coordination

II. The domain of learning that involves emotional development

Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 11

The psycho-motor domain is the domain of learning that involves physical movement and coordination. It is concerned with the development of physical skills, including fine and gross motor skills, as well as perceptual-motor skills.

Key Points

  • It is often associated with learning outcomes related to physical education, sports, and other activities that require physical coordination and dexterity.
  • On the other hand, emotional development belongs to the affective domain of learning, which is concerned with the development of attitudes, values, and emotions.
  • Examples of activities that engage the psycho-motor domain include playing musical instruments, dancing, playing sports, painting, and drawing. The development of the psycho-motor domain is important for overall physical health and well-being.

Thus, it is concluded that Only I is correct.

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 12
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development & his various stages, which one of the following is not a level proposed by him?
Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 12

Lawrence Kohlberg, an American psychologist, has propounded the 'Theory of Moral Development'. He has made a systematic study of moral development in his theory that is categorized into 3 levels and 6 stages.

Important Points

Refer to the table to be familiar with all the levels of Kohlberg's theory.

Hence, it could be concluded that according to Kohlberg's theory of moral development & his various stages, Ego-centric judgement is not a level proposed by him.

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 13
The pain of a shoe bite from a new pair of shoes currently being worn is an example of
Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 13

Immediate memory is a type or stage of memory in which an individual recalls information recently presented. In above case shoe bite is the situation which is not permanent hence its memory will erase after some time so it comes in immediate memory. Key Points

  • Immediate memory is the capacity to store a small amount of information in the mind and keep it readily available for a short period of time. It is also known as primary or active memory.
  • In immediate memory simple tasks gets processed first, information that is more complex and demanding goes into working memory, and, if it's tagged with emotional importance or special relevance, it ends in long-term memory.

Hence, we can conclude that following case is of Immediate memory.

Additional Information

  • Long-term memory refers to the memory process in the brain that takes information from the short-term memory store and creates long lasting memories. These memories can be from an hour ago or several decades ago. Long-term memory can hold an unlimited amount of information for an indefinite period of time.
  • An episodic memory is a memory of a specific event. Because each person has a different perspective and experience of an event, episodic memories of that event are unique to each person.
  • Sensory memory is the perception of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch information entering through the sensory cortices of the brain and relaying through the thalamus. It lasts only milliseconds and is mostly outside conscious awareness.
DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 14
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be successfully treated using:
Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 14

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the occurrence of unwanted, intrusive obsessive thoughts and distressing images which are usually accompanied by compulsive behaviors.

  • Compulsive behaviors are carried out either to undo or neutralize the obsessions or to prevent the occurrence of some dreadful event.

Key Points

  • Cognitive-behavior therapy is a type of treatment that helps individuals cope with and change problematic thoughts, behaviors, and emotions.
  • The treatment you are beginning is a specialized type of cognitive-behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) called Exposure and Ritual Prevention.
  • The treatment we offer will break the automatic bond between feelings of anxiety and ritual behaviors.

Important Points

  • Technically, obsession means intrusive thoughts, images and impulses often of a negative or unacceptable kind, despite one’s desire to get rid of it. Compulsion means being compelled from within to perform certain ritualistic acts, because otherwise you are afraid of some danger befalling you.
  • These thoughts do not concern real life problems at the moment, and are often irrelevant to present reality. The person has insight and tries to remove these thoughts, but often cannot succeed.
  • The content of the obsessive thoughts has unusual fear of contamination, fear of harming oneself or one’s own loved ones, religious themes, themes of sexuality specially the unacceptable forms, wishing ill for others .
  • Compulsions are repetitive overt behaviours like washing or checking or mental acts like counting or praying in response to an obsessive thought.
    • For example: These are cleaning (for example, repeated washing), checking (for example, repeatedly coming back to home to check if the door has been locked properly)
  • The obsessions and compulsion as coexistent, there may be cases where only obsession or compulsion predominates.

Therefore, it can be concluded that Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be successfully treated using cognitive behavioural therapy

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 15
When was popular movement started in Nepal?
Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 15

Nepal witnessed a popular movement in April 2006, which was aimed at regaining popular control over the government from the king.

  • All the major political parties in the parliament formed a Seven Party Alliance (SPA) and called for a four-day strike in Kathmandu. They demanded;
    • Restoration of parliament
    • Power to an all-party government
    • A new constituent assembly
  • On 24 April 2006, the king was forced to accept all three demands.
  • In 2008, kingship was abolished and Nepal became a federal democratic republic.
  • In 2015, it adopted a new constitution.
  • The struggle of the Nepali people is a source of inspiration to democrats all over the world.
DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 16

Which of the following can be classified as visually impaired?

I. Children with poor vision.

II. Such children who can see light but cannot see shapes.

Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 16

Visual impairment for children with poor vision, children who can see light but no shapes, to children who have no perception of light at all. However, for general discussion, it is useful to think of this population as representing two broad groups: those with low vision and those who are legally blind.

Key Points

  • ​A child is termed legally blind when its visual acuity (sharpness of vision) is 20/200 or worse after correction, or when the field of vision is less than 20 degrees; in the best eye after correction.
  • Low vision includes problems (after correction) such as dimness of vision, haziness, film over the eye, foggy vision, extreme near- or farsightedness, distortion of vision, spots before the eyes, colour distortions, visual field defects, tunnel vision, no peripheral vision, abnormal sensitivity to light or glare, and night blindness.
  • Visually impaired children can be classified as Children with poor vision and Such children who can see light but cannot see shapes.

​Hence, we can conclude that Both I and II are the correct statement regarding the visually impaired.

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 17

Which of the following is not a characteristic of CCE?

Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 17

Evaluation is done to assess or evaluate someone's performance in a specified field. It is a component of assessment in education.

  • The teacher does the evaluation of the student's performance to do analysis and to get the idea of the achievement of a student.
  • After the evaluation, the feedback is very important to provide to the students in order to stimulate the learning process.

Key Points

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE)

  • It is a school-based evaluation that covers all aspects of school activities (scholastic and co-scholastic) related to child development.
    • Co-scholastic activities are those activities that are usually outside the normal classroom and do not provide any academic grades. They supplement the classroom curriculum and complement the learning.
  • It aims to reduce the curricular workload on students to improve the overall abilities and skills of the students.
  • It gives importance to the continuity of evaluation and the comprehensive assessment of learning outcomes.
  • It evaluates all the three domains of learning i.e., cognitive, affective, and psychomotor.
  • The feedback is provided to the students to help in student learning so that they can improve their abilities by working more on their weaknesses.
  • The teacher also gets feedback that helps him to encounter the strengths and weaknesses of the students and can further help the teacher to adapt the instructional strategies accordingly.
  • The evidence obtained from CCE can be used to analyze and interpret by self-reference as a teacher can use his own reference to interpret and analyze the obtained data to understand the process of evaluation in depth.

So, it is concluded that CCE emphasizes only scholastic aspects of students' performance is not a characteristic of CCE.

Confusion Points

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 18

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true for Direct Method of teaching languages?

A. Concrete vocabulary is taught through demonstration, objects and pictures.

B. Abstract vocabulary is taught by association of ideas.

Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 18

The Direct Method is a language teaching method that emphasizes the use of target language communication and immersion. It aims to develop oral proficiency and natural language use through direct interaction and contextual learning.

Key PointsHere's an explanation of the statements:

  • A. Concrete vocabulary is taught through demonstration, objects, and pictures:
    • In the Direct Method, concrete vocabulary, which refers to words representing tangible and easily observable objects or actions, is taught through various visual aids, demonstrations, objects, and pictures.
    • The emphasis is on providing direct experiences and visual references to help learners understand and remember the meaning of the words.
  • B. Abstract vocabulary is taught by association of ideas:
    • Abstract vocabulary, which includes words representing concepts, ideas, or qualities that are not easily observable, is taught in the Direct Method by associating them with familiar ideas or contexts.
    • Rather than relying on the translation or explicit definitions, learners are encouraged to make connections and associations between the new abstract words and their existing knowledge or experiences.

Both of these statements reflect the characteristics of the Direct Method in terms of vocabulary instruction. Therefore, the correct answer is both A and B are true.

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 19
Example of super computer is-
Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 19

The correct answer is "option 4".

CONCEPT:

  • A supercomputer is a computer that gives a high level of performance as compared to any general-purpose computer.
  • The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in Floating-Point Operations Per Second (FLOPS).

Option 1:

The Cray-2 is a supercomputer with four vector processors made by Cray Research starting in 1985. At 1.9 GFLOPS peak performance, it was the fastest machine in the world when it was released, replacing the Cray X-MP in that spot. It was, in turn, replaced in that spot by the Cray Y-MP in 1988.

Option 2:

Tianhe-2 or TH-2 is a 33.86-petaflops supercomputer located in the National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, China. It was developed by a team of 1,300 scientists and engineers.

Option 3:

Cray X-MP was a supercomputer designed, built and sold by Cray Research. It was announced in 1982 as the "cleaned up" successor to the 1975 Cray-1, and was the world's fastest computer from 1983 to 1985 with a quad-processor system performance of 800 MFLOPS. In 1985 Bell Labs purchased a Cray X-MP/24 for $10.5 million along with eight DD-49 1.2 GB drives for an additional $1 million. They received $1.5 million of trade-in credit for their Cray-1

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 20
Who developed the teaching machine in education?
Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 20

The teaching machine is primarily made up of a program, which is a system of combined teaching and testing items that guides the student through the material to be learned progressively.

Key Points

  • Sidney L. Pressey was an American psychologist who is credited with developing the first teaching machine in the 1920s.
  • The teaching machine was an early form of computer-based learning that used mechanical devices to present questions and exercises to students and provide feedback on their responses.
  • Pressey's machine used a series of buttons and lights to simulate multiple-choice questions and provide immediate feedback on correct and incorrect answers.
  • The machine was designed to be used for drill-and-practice exercises in a variety of subjects, including math, spelling, and foreign languages.
  • Pressey's teaching machine was a significant development in the field of education technology, paving the way for future innovations in computer-based learning and adaptive learning systems.

Hence, it is clear that S.L. Pressey developed the teaching machine in education.

Additional Information

  • The work of B.F. Skinner, who developed operant conditioning theory, was also influenced by Pressey's work on the teaching machine.
  • James Lumsdaine is best known for his work on the development of educational tests and for his research on the effects of instruction and learning on human performance.
  • Benjamin Bloom's taxonomy is a set of three hierarchical models that refers to the classification of educational learning objectives.
DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 21
Reliability of a test means_____.
Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 21

Reliability and validity are central issues in all measurements.

  • Both concern connecting measures to constructs.
  • All researchers want their measures to be reliable and valid. Both ideas help to establish the truthfulness, credibility, or believability of findings.

Key Points Reliability of a test:

  • The idea behind reliability is that any significant results must be repeatable. Other researchers must be able to perform exactly the same experiment, under the same conditions and generate the same results.
  • Reliability is the consistency of measurement or the degree to which an instrument measures the same way each time it is used under the same condition with the same subjects. In short, it is the repeatability of measurement. A measure is considered reliable if a person’s score on the same test given twice is similar.
  • Reliability is an estimate.
  • Test-retest reliability, parallel form reliability, and spilt form reliability are major ways of estimating the external and internal consistency of a test.

Hence, it can be concluded that the reliability of a test means the consistency of test scores.

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 22

Which of the following (s) is/are the merit of mathematical games?

i. Concrete ideas became abstract.

ii. Learning is done in an open environment outside the boundaries of the four walls.

iii. The harmful effects of fear, anger, hatred, etc., can be easily guided.

Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 22

Mathematics is a science that deals with logical reasoning, quantitative calculation, practices of counting describing shapes, abstraction of subject matter, etc. Mathematics plays a vital role in daily life.

  • A mathematical game is a game whose rules, strategies, and outcomes are defined by clear mathematical parameters. Often, such games have simple rules and match procedures, such as Tic-tac-toe and Dots and Box

Important PointsFollowing are the merits of mathematical games:-

  • Children also learn with concrete materials and games and can make sense of the formal knowledge given to them in school through such learning experiences. Their concrete ideas become abstract while learning through mathematical games.
  • Games provide 'hands-on' interactive tasks for both school and home. Learning is done in an open environment outside the boundaries of the four walls.
  • Games provide opportunities for building self-concept and developing positive attitudes towards mathematics, by reducing the fear of failure and error. The harmful effects of fear, anger, hatred, etc., can be easily guided.
  • Games can allow children to operate at different levels of thinking.
  • Children can learn many basic mathematical concepts through games.

Thus, it is concluded that all the above options are the merits of mathematical games.

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 23
By talking of holistic development, NEP-2020 wants to pay attention on:
Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 23

National Education Policy 2020 is the first education policy of the 21st century and aims to address the many growing developmental imperatives of our country.

  • This Policy proposes the revision and revamping of all aspects of the education structure, including its regulation and governance, to create a new system that is aligned with the aspirational goals of the 21st century.

Key Points

  • By talking of holistic development, NEP-2020 wants to pay attention to giving due importance to all cognitive, conative, and affective domains as learning becomes most effective when the development of cognitive, affective, and conative domains of children takes place.
  • These domains are proposed by Benjamin Bloom in his taxonomy. It is a set of three hierarchical models that refers to the classification of educational learning objectives.

Let's understand these domains in the context of a child's learning and development:

  • Cognitive domains: In this domain, a child deals with knowledge and hence, learns to create, evaluate, analyze, etc.
  • Affective domains: This domain comes into play when the child grows in emotional areas such as feelings, attitudes, etc.
  • Psychomotor domains: It is concerned with acquiring skills that require the integration of mental and physical movements.

Hence, we can conclude that by talking of holistic development, NEP-2020 wants to pay attention to giving due importance to all cognitive, conative, and affective domains.

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 24
There are 44 sounds in English. Out of these, how many sounds are vowels and how many are consonants respectively?
Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 24

Phoneme: It is the ‘smallest unit of sound' that distinguishes one word from another. Since sounds cannot be written, we use letters to represent or stand for the sounds.

Key Points

  • Consonant sound: Consonants sounds produced with some restriction or closure in the vocal tract. There are 24 consonant sounds in most English accents.
  • Vowel sound: In vowel sounds, the airflow is unobstructed when the sound is made. For example, vowel sounds are the music or movement of our language. There are 20 vowel sounds in English. Among them 12 pure vowel sounds (monophthong) and 8 diphthongs in the English language.
    • Pure Vowel Sounds/Monophthong: It refers to a single pure vowel sound that is articulated with exactly one mouth position. For example, Beat /i:/
    • Diphthong: It refers to 'two sounds glide' which is articulated with a slight change in the tongue/mouth position. Diphthong has two vowels, it is considered as a single unit and is a ‘syllabic’. For examples, Ice [ais], Price [prais]

Additional Information

  • Phonetic symbols are used to describe the phonemes (sounds), and also enable learners to understand and speak the language they are learning. In particular the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), each phonetic symbol is associated with a particular sound.

Hence, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that in English sounds 20 are vowels and 24 are consonants.

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 25

Which of the following guidelines must a teacher follow for using the Cooperative learning method in the classroom?

I. Groups’ composition should be heterogeneous by mixing students considering their academic achievement, sex, and race

II. Grade individual students’ s contributions

III. Collaborative social skills must be taught, modelled and reinforced regularly

Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 25

The cooperative learning model was developed to achieve at least three important instructional goals: academic achievement, acceptance of diversity and social skill development (through teamwork). This is a specific small group approach that incorporates democratic processes, individual accountability, equal opportunity and group rewards. A number of types of cooperative learning activities and models are frequently used in today’s classroom such as student teams achievement divisions, jigsaw and group investigation. Guidelines for Using Cooperative Learning:

  • Limit group size to three to five students.
  • Compose groups heterogeneously by mixing students considering academic achievement, sex and race.
  • Give each student in the group a specific role, responsibility or task that contributes to the success of group.
  • Use cooperative learning as a supplemental activity for review, enrichment or practice, allowing student in the group to help one another master material. Groups can also complete projects such as reports, presentations, experiments and artwork.
  • Consider room arrangement, task materials and time frame as you plan cooperative activities.
  • Grade individual students’ contributions.
  • Consider providing a group reward to students in the group.
  • Vary group composition so that no student feels labelled by being in a ‘slow’ group and all students have an opportunity during the school year to work with every other student in the class.
  • For cooperating learning groups to function effectively, collaborative social skills must be taught, modelled and reinforced regularly.

Hence, we conclude that all the guidelines must a teacher follow for using Cooperative learning method in the classroom.

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 26
What term denotes the negative and positive evaluations an individual makes about the self?
Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 26

Self-concept is our perception of our traits, beliefs, and opinions, then self-esteem is our evaluation of self-concept as good, bad, worthwhile, useless, etc. It is our evaluation of our own worth based on an assessment of our self-concept.

Key Points

  • Self-esteem is the extent of liking that one has for oneself and the kind of evaluation one makes of one’s abilities and attributes.
  • It is not necessary that a positive evaluation of self will be accompanied by self-liking.
  • It denotes the negative and positive evaluations an individual makes about the self.

Characteristics of Self-esteem:

  • Self-esteem has social origins. Self-esteem is both person centred as well as collective.
  • Self-esteem involves feelings of belonging and mastery. Evaluation in several domains of life determines self-esteem.
  • Self-esteem is affected by actual-ideal self-discrepancy.
  • The self-discrepancy theory describes the three types of selves – actual, ideal, and ought self.
  • The more our current self-image matches our ideal self-image, the higher our self-esteem.

Thus, it is concluded that Self-esteem denotes the negative and positive evaluations an individual makes about the self.

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 27

Which of the following set exemplify a social constructivist approach to facilitate reading among students?

(i) Salma uses flashcards to help students learn new words and rewards them with candy for correct responses.

(ii) Pramati has her students choose from a variety of books to read. Those students who read a particular book are made to discuss the book on a regular basis.

(iii) Arundhati emphasizes the importance of using contextual material to help determine the meaning of new words.

(iv) Rekha has her students write each word they miss on a spelling test five times to help them remember the word.

Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 27

Constructivism is a theory that regards learning as an active process in which learners construct and internalize new concepts, ideas, and knowledge based on past knowledge and experiences.

Key Points

  • Social Constructivism (SC): SC emphasizes the role of culture and context in developing personal and shared interpretations of reality. It emerged largely from the work of Piaget, Vygotsky, Bruner, and Bandura.
  • Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist, laid the foundation of social constructivism by adopting a socio-cultural approach to cognitive development based on the assumption that action is mediated and cannot be separated from the social milieu in which it occurs.
  • The social constructivist model proposed by him emphasizes culture as the prime determinant of individual development. Learners are believed to be encultured into their learning community and learning is considered to be largely situation or context-specific activity.
  • Language plays an important role in Vygotskian constructivism. Language is initially used as a means of communication between adults and children. Gradually it is internalized into a means of the child’s own thinking and control of his/her own activity.

Important Points

  • Pramati has her students choose from a variety of books to read. Those students who read a particular book are made to discuss the book on a regular basis:
    • Here, the teacher focuses on reading and discussing the book so it increases their vocabulary and constructs their knowledge. It facilitates their reading and understanding of the text.
  • Arundhati emphasizes the importance of using contextual material to help determine the meaning of new words:
    • Here, the teacher emphasizes the use of contextual materials so the students could relate words in the context. Using such materials develop contextual understanding in depth.

Thus, it is concluded that (ii), (iii) set exemplify a social constructivist approach to facilitate reading among students.

Hint

  • Salma uses flashcards to help students learn new words and rewards them with candy for correct responses: It is a behavioristic view of learning as a reward strengthens the Stimulus-Response bond. It is both verbal such as praising, or awarding; and non-verbal such as nodding the head in appreciation, smiling, etc.
  • Rekha has her students write each word they miss on a spelling test five times to help them remember the word: Here, the teacher is focusing on rote memorization.
DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 28
Which of the following is NOT a primary objective of work education?
I. Developing work-related skills and knowledge
II. Preparing students for their future careers
III. Encouraging entrepreneurship and innovation
IV. Promoting academic excellence in traditional subjects
Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 28

The correct answer is 4) Only IV. Promoting academic excellence in traditional subjects is not a primary objective of work education.

Key Points

I. Developing work-related skills and knowledge: This objective refers to equipping students with the necessary skills and knowledge that are directly applicable to the workplace. Work education aims to provide practical training and education in areas such as technical skills, problem-solving, communication, teamwork, and other job-specific competencies.

II. Preparing students for their future careers: This objective focuses on preparing students for the professional world and their future careers. Work education aims to familiarize students with different career paths, job opportunities, industry requirements, and work environments. It helps students understand the skills, qualifications, and experiences needed to succeed in their chosen fields.

III. Encouraging entrepreneurship and innovation: This objective aims to foster an entrepreneurial mindset and promote innovative thinking among students. Work education recognizes the importance of creativity, risk-taking, and problem-solving in entrepreneurship and innovation. It may involve activities and programs that encourage students to develop and implement their own business ideas or innovative projects.

IV. Promoting academic excellence in traditional subjects: This option is the one that is NOT a primary objective of work education. While work education complements traditional academic subjects, its main focus is on preparing students for the world of work, rather than emphasizing academic excellence in traditional subjects such as mathematics, science, history, or language arts.

Therefore, the correct answer is 4) Only IV, as promoting academic excellence in traditional subjects is not a primary objective of work education.

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 29
Repetition of the activity makes the student to retain the activity for longer period. In learning this law is called __________.
Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 29

The theory of trial and error learning was developed by the American psychologist E.L.Thorndike as early as 1913 through a series of experiments conducted on different animals, mostly on cats. From this experiment Thorndike developed the following three laws of learning:

Key Points

Law of Exercise:

  • Repetition of the activity makes the student to retain the activity for longer period. This essentially constituted of two laws: law of use and the law of disuse. The first relates to the strengthening of the connection of stimulus (cause) and response(the behaviour) by repetition and the second, the opposite of the first, relates to the weakening of connection when not used frequently.

Law of Effect:

  • Of the several responses, that occurs just before a satisfying state of affairs tends to be learned easily. Those that occur before an annoying state of affair tend to be forgotten or rejected. In other words if the consequence to a behaviour is satisfying, then the behaviour is likely to be learnt. In this connection the role of reward and praise have positive effects of strengthening the learned behaviour whereas punishment and rebuff have the opposite effect on the behaviour being learned.

Law of Readiness:

  • Effective learning takes place when the student is ready to learn. The educational implication of this law is quite clear. A child who is ready for a specific type of learning is far more likely to profit from such learning experiences than another who is not ready. Earlier in this unit, we have discussed about the importance of readiness to learn and the teacher’s role in understanding children’s readiness.

Thus from above-mentioned points it is clear that the given law is Law of Exercise.

DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 30
Which of the following is appropriate in the context of an inclusive class?
Detailed Solution for DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 2 - Question 30

Inclusive Education: An inclusive classroom is a general education classroom where students with and without learning differences learn together. Inclusive classrooms are welcoming and support the diverse academic, social, emotional, and communication needs of all students.

Key Points

"Every child has the right to quality education and learning." UNICEF lays stress on including each and every child.

  • Inclusive education is the most effective way to give all children a fair chance to go to learn and develop the skills they need to thrive.
  • Inclusive education means all children are in the same classrooms, in the same schools.
  • It means real learning opportunities for groups who have traditionally been excluded – not only children with disabilities but speakers of minority languages too.
  • Inclusive systems value the unique contributions students of all backgrounds bring to the classroom and allow diverse groups to grow side by side, to the benefit of all.
  • Inclusion is cost-effective.
  • Inclusion for Social Cohesion.

Hence, from the above points, it can be concluded that inclusion means the inclusion of each and every child in the classroom irrespective of caste, colour, gender, and disability.

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