Kolkata Police SI Mock Test - 4 - Kolkata Police SI MCQ

India slipped to the fourth position in the global ranking of startup funding in 2023, experiencing a significant downturn with only $7 billion in total funding, after holding the third spot in both 2021 and 2022.

The Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association (HPCA) stadium, Himachal Pradesh becomes the first BCCI-accredited venue with a groundbreaking ‘hybrid pitch’ by Netherlands-based SISGrass. This innovation combines natural turf with 5% polymer fiber, endorsed by the ICC for T20 and 50-over matches. The pitch promises resilience, durability, and consistent bounce, easing maintenance burdens. The Universal machine, employed in Dharamshala, will replicate this technology in Ahmedabad and Mumbai, following successful installations at iconic English grounds like Lord’s and The Oval.

The solution is All of these

Concept

• Soil pollution- the presence of toxic chemicals (pollutants or contaminants) in soil, in high enough concentration to pose a risk to human health and/or the ecosystem.
•  It can be also defined as the addition of substances to the soil, which adversely affects the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil and reduces its productivity.
  •           Negative Pollution- Deterioration in the productivity of soil due to a reduction in quality or quantity of topsoil is called negative soil pollution. It is caused by over-use and erosion.
  • Positive Pollution- It is a reduction in soil productivity and deterioration in the quality of plants.due to the addition of pollution from the air, faulty sanitation, industrial effluents, supra-optimum fertilizers, and pesticides.
  • Third Pollution- It is landscape pollution in which the land is so severely misused that it becomes filthy and odorous because of the dumping of garbage, rubbish, sludge, ash, industrial wastes, etc. over it.

Explanation

• The use of pesticides should be minimized. Biological control should be known and imple­mented.
• The use of fertilizers should be highly judicious.
• Cropping techniques should be improved so that weeds are unable to take a foothold in the fields. This would automatically reduce the use of weedicides or herbicides.
• Special pits or low-lying areas are selected for the dumping of industrial wastes.
• Improvement in mining techniques and transport of extracted materials so that spread of mine dust should be minimized. The area should not be left barren and dry. Instead, afforestation should be carried out as soon as it becomes feasible.
• Controlled grazing and proper forest management.
• Windbreaks and windshields in areas exposed to wind erosion.
• Planting of soil binding grasses and other perennials along the banks and slopes prone to rapid erosion.
• Afforestation and reforestation.

Concept:

• The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat is called biodiversity.
•  Biodiversity is the term popularised by sociobiologist Edward Wilson to describe the combined diversity at all the levels of biological organization. 

Explanation:

• Biodiversity and its conservation are now vital environmental issues of international concern.
• Biodiversity is not only essential for ecosystem health but imperative for the very survival of the human race on this planet.
• The accelerated rates of species extinctions that the world is facing now are largely due to human activities.
• The loss of biodiversity in a region may lead to a decline in plant production, lowered resistance to environmental perturbations such as drought, and increased variability in certain ecosystem processes such as plant productivity, water use, and pest and disease cycles.
• There are four major causes:
  • Habitat loss and fragmentation
  • Alien species invasions
  • Over-exploitation:
  • Co-extinctions

• Habitat loss and fragmentation: This is the most important cause of driving animals and plants to extinction.  
  • When large habitats are broken up into small fragments due to various human activities, mammals and birds requiring large territories, and certain animals with migratory habits are badly affected, leading to population declines.
• Over-exploitation: Humans have always depended on nature for food and shelter, but when ‘need’ turns to ‘greed’, it leads to over-exploitation of natural resources.
• Alien species invasions: When alien species are introduced unintentionally or deliberately for whatever purpose, some of them turn invasive, and cause the decline or extinction of indigenous species.
• Co-extinctions: When a species becomes extinct, the plant and animal species associated with it in an obligatory way also become extinct.

Thus, lack of rainfall is not the major cause of biodiversity losses in a geographical region.

Additional Information 

• The most dramatic examples of habitat loss come from tropical rainforests.
• Once covering more than 14 percent of the earth’s land surface, these rain forests now cover no more than 6 percent.
• Humans have always depended on nature for food and shelter, but when ‘need’ turns to ‘greed’.
• It leads to the exploitation of natural resources.

Indian National Security Advisor (NSA) Ajit Doval convened with his Russian counterpart, Russian Security Council Secretary Nikolai Patrushev, in St. Petersburg, Russia, on April 24, 2024. They addressed key bilateral issues, focusing on counterterrorism, cyber security, and defense cooperation. Doval attended the 12th International Meeting of High Ranking Officials Responsible for Security Matters, hosted by Russia from April 22-25, 2024, gathering senior officials from 106 countries to discuss global security challenges, underscored by Russian President Vladimir Putin’s emphasis on combatting international terrorism

The slogan 'Garibi Hatao' (Remove Poverty) was given by Indira Gandhi in 1971 as her election campaign. The slogan was officially used by the Congress party in 1980 for the five year plan.

Venus is entirely covered with a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere and sulphuric acid clouds which give it a light yellowish appearance.

Low-income countries: These countries had per capita incomes of $935 or less in 2007. There were 49 countries in this category. About 20% of the world’s total population of about 6.5 billion people lived in low-income countries in 2007.

India and the European Union (EU) signed a significant MoU on semiconductors, aiming to strengthen the supply chain and stay in sync with global advancements in the semiconductor industry.

Explanation:
A MultiNational Company (MNC) is a company that operates and has a presence in more than one country. It is characterized by its ability to conduct business on a global scale and has several distinguishing features. Let's examine each of the options to determine which one is not a feature of an MNC:
A: It owns/controls production in more than one nation.
- This is a characteristic feature of an MNC. It refers to the ability of the company to have production facilities or operations in multiple countries.
B: It sets up factories where it is close to the markets.
- This is another characteristic feature of an MNC. It involves the strategic placement of factories or production facilities in locations that are close to the target markets. This allows the company to reduce transportation costs and respond quickly to market demands.
C: It organizes production in complex ways.
- This is also a feature of an MNC. Due to its global operations, an MNC often organizes production in complex ways, such as establishing supply chains that span multiple countries or implementing decentralized production processes.
D: It employs labor only from its own country.
- This is not a feature of an MNC. MNCs typically employ a diverse workforce from different countries, including the host country where their operations are located. Hiring labor only from their own country would limit the company's ability to adapt to local markets and take advantage of the diverse skills and expertise available globally.
Therefore, the correct answer is D: It employs labor only from its own country. This is not a feature of a MultiNational Company.

DBS Bank India pledged USD 250 million to support new-age start-ups and 'new economy' companies, demonstrating its commitment to fostering innovation and entrepreneurship in India's start-up ecosystem amid challenges related to capital accessibility.

The right to constitutional remedies is often referred to as the heart and soul of the Indian Constitution. Here is a detailed explanation of why it holds such significance:
1. Importance:
- The right to constitutional remedies is enshrined in Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, which allows individuals to directly approach the Supreme Court for the enforcement of their fundamental rights.
- It ensures that every citizen has access to justice and can seek legal remedies in case of violation of their rights.
- This right acts as a safeguard against any form of arbitrary action by the state or its authorities.
2. Role in protecting other fundamental rights:
- The right to constitutional remedies is instrumental in protecting and upholding other fundamental rights.
- It enables individuals to seek redressal if their rights to equality, freedom, and religion, among others, are violated.
- This right ensures that the other fundamental rights are not mere paper provisions but hold practical value and can be enforced.
3. Judicial review:
- The right to constitutional remedies empowers the judiciary to review the actions and laws passed by the government.
- It allows the courts to strike down any legislation or executive action that is found to be unconstitutional or in violation of fundamental rights.
- This ensures a system of checks and balances and prevents the abuse of power by the legislature and executive.
4. Protection of minority rights:
- The right to constitutional remedies plays a crucial role in protecting the rights of minorities, including religious and linguistic minorities.
- It allows individuals belonging to minority communities to seek legal remedies if their rights are infringed upon or if they face discrimination.
5. Enforcement of socio-economic rights:
- The right to constitutional remedies also extends to socio-economic rights, such as the right to education, right to livelihood, and right to a clean environment.
- It enables individuals to approach the courts if these rights are violated or neglected by the government or any other entity.
In conclusion, the right to constitutional remedies is rightfully considered the heart and soul of the Indian Constitution as it ensures the effective enforcement of all other fundamental rights and acts as a safeguard against the abuse of power.

World Oral Health Day is observed annually on March 20th. It is a global initiative led by the World Health Organization (WHO) to raise awareness about oral health, promote the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, and address the increasing burden of oral health issues worldwide.

Right to adulteration aims at standardizing. The awareness of being a well-informed consumer which arose out of consumer movement has also shifted the responsibility of ensuring quality of goods and services on the sellers.

The unorganized sector covers most of the rural labour and a substantial part of urban labour. It uses mainly labour intensive and indigenous technology.

The International Day to Protect Education from Attack is an international observance established by the United Nations General Assembly on September 9 every year. It was established in response to the growing number of attacks on schools and educational institutions around the world. The day is an opportunity to raise awareness of the importance of protecting education from attacks and to call for action to prevent these attacks.

The logic followed is:

Given code: "MANIPUR is written as NBOJQVS" 

Similarly,

Thus "PATTERN will be written as "QBUUFSO".

Hence, the correct answer is "QBUUFSO". 

Preparing the family tree using the following symbol:

According to the given information,

Hence, Q is the grandmother of S.

As per the given information;

Distance between S and P = √(PQ² + QS²)
SP = √(6² + 8²)
SP = √(36 + 64)
SP = √100
SP = 10 km
Hence, S is 10 km in South-East with respect to P.

The logic followed is:

The bottom number = sum of the square of all the first three number column-wise 

In column-wise operation:

Column 1:

69 = 7² + 4² + 2² 

69 = 49 + 16 + 4

69 = 69

Column 2:

91 = 32 + 92 + 12 

91 = 9 + 81 + 1

91 = 91

Similarly,

Column 3:

? = 22 + 62 + 52 

? = 4 + 36 + 25

? = 65 

Hence, the correct answer is "65".

Additional Information

The most common pattern asked in exams are based on:

• It could be the sum of two numbers divided by a constant
• It could be the average of numbers.
• It could be in the form of alphabets, where alphabets are increased by constant or increased by the square of numbers or increased by prime numbers.
• It could be the difference of product of two diametrically opposite numbers.
• It could be the difference in the sum of adjacent numbers.
• The difference of the numbers could be in the patterns 13 ± 1, 23 ± 1,  and so on.
• The difference of the numbers could be in the patterns 12 ± 1, 22 ± 1, and so on.
• Numbers could be 12, 22, 32, and so on or 13, 23, 33, and so on.
• The difference could be prime numbers or the difference could be the square of prime numbers.
• The difference could be in the form of N2 ± N or N3 ± N.
• The difference could be in the form of ×N + N or ×2 + 1, ×2 + 2, ×2 + 3, and so on.
• The difference could be in the form of ×2 ± 1 alternatively.
• Numbers could be ×1, ×2, ×3, and so on. 

The Symbol table is as follows:

1) Rajiv is the brother of Atul.

2) Atul is the son of Sonia.

Implies, Rajiv is also the son of Sonia.

3) Sonia is the sister of Sunil.

Implies, Sunil is the maternal uncle of Rajiv and Atul.

Hence, Rajiv is the "son" of Sonia.

Given: 24$3@8#45*5
After replacing the symbols we get:
24 + 3 x 8 - 45 ÷ 5
= 24 + 3 x 8 - 9
= 24 + 24 - 9
= 48 - 9
= 39
Hence, 39 is the correct answer.

Volume of the cuboid = L * B * H 
V = 4cm * 2cm * 3cm
V = 24 cm³ 
Hence the option A is correct.

The distance covered in the various phases of his travel would be:
10 km + 25 km + 50 km + 60 km. Thus the total distance covered = 145 km in 2 hours 50 minutes
Æ
145 km in 2.8333 hours Æ 51.18 kmph

The length of the circular track would be equal to the circumference of the circle. In 2 minutes
thus, the cyclist covers 3.14 × 200 = 628 meters (using the formula for the circumference of a
circle).
Thus, the cyclist’s speed would be 628/2 = 314 meters/minute.

Using Rule 1 :
1st number × 2nd number = L.C. M. × H.C.F,
Required number

Reqd. weight = 41.50 × 15 – 14 × 40 = 62.50 kg
Hence, Option C is correct.

Let AB be the man and BC be his shadow

⇒ AB = 180

⇒ tan60° = AB/BC

√3 = 180/BC

∴ BC = 103.92 cm

Hence, Option A is correct.