Punjab Police Head Constable Paper 1 Mock Test - 5 - Punjab Police Constable MCQ

Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
PIL stands for Public Interest Litigation, which is a legal mechanism that allows individuals or organizations to bring cases to the court for the protection of public interest or the enforcement of legal rights. It is an important tool in promoting social justice, holding authorities accountable, and ensuring access to justice for marginalized groups. Here are the key points about PIL:
1. Definition: PIL is a legal action initiated by an individual or a group of individuals, acting in the interest of the public, to seek justice, protect fundamental rights, and address issues of public concern.
2. Scope: PIL can be filed in various areas such as environmental protection, human rights violations, consumer protection, corruption, gender equality, public health, and more. It allows citizens to challenge unconstitutional laws, government policies, or administrative actions.
3. Access to Justice: PIL provides an avenue for individuals who may not have personal standing or resources to approach the court. It helps in bridging the gap between the marginalized sections of society and the justice system.
4. Role of Courts: Courts play a crucial role in PIL cases by intervening in matters of public importance and issuing directions or guidelines to the government or other authorities to enforce constitutional rights and fulfill public obligations.
5. Public Interest: PIL focuses on issues that affect a large section of society or have a significant impact on public welfare. The court evaluates the merit of the case based on the public interest involved.
6. Judicial Activism: PIL has been instrumental in promoting judicial activism, where the courts proactively engage in social issues and policy matters to protect citizens' rights and ensure good governance.
In conclusion, PIL, which stands for Public Interest Litigation, is a legal mechanism that allows individuals or organizations to bring cases to the court in the interest of public welfare. It plays a vital role in promoting social justice, accountability, and access to justice for marginalized groups.

The Lok Sabha the Lower house of the Indian Parliament comprising of elected represented and the Vidhan Sabha is the state legislative assembly comprised of the legislatures elected by the voters. Elections for Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha are usually held after every five years.
However, if the ruling party loses the majority, the President dissolves the House and calls for fresh elections. Likewise, if the state government loses the majority, the Governor dissolves the state assembly and calls for fresh polls.
 

Hydrological Cycle

• The process of circulation of water within the hydrosphere of Earth in different forms such as liquid, solid and gaseous states are called the Hydrological Cycle of water.
• It starts with the Evaporation of water from the surface of the water bodies and further, it includes Transpiration, Sublimation, Condensation and Precipitation.

Key Points

'Hydrological cycle' steps

• The first step of the water cycle is evaporation from water bodies means the part of the Hydrosphere.
• The second step of the water cycle is condensation, which takes place in the atmosphere.
• The third step of the water cycle is precipitation and runoff means the part of the lithosphere.
• The final step of the water cycle is in the Biosphere. 
• It is the zone where all the spheres interact and work together.
• It includes processes like water uptake and transpiration by plants.

​

Thus, in the 'Hydrological cycle' the order of the source in which they connected from each other is first Hydrosphere, second Atmosphere, third Lithosphere and fourth Biosphere.

Additional Information

Processes during a hydrological cycle:

​​Evaporation

• When waters convert from liquid to gas stage as it moves from the groundwater into the atmosphere, this phenomenon is called Evaporation.
• Mainly Solar radiation is the source of energy for evaporation. 

Transpiration

• When plant uptake of water at the roots, transport of water through plant tissues, and release of vapour by leaves is known as transpiration.

Condensation

• The Process of conversion of water vapour to liquid water droplets in the air is called Condensation.
• It is responsible for the formation of fog and clouds.

​Precipitation

• When the condensed water vapour falling to the surface of the Earth is known as Precipitation.
• It occurs in the form of rain, snow, and hail.
• It provides for the delivery of atmospheric water to the earth in the form of rain.

Cumbum Valley, known as the “Grapes City of South India,” is known for Panneer Thratchai grapes, comprising 85% of India’s production. Introduced in 1832 by a French priest, these grapes thrive year-round, unlike elsewhere. Recognized for its rapid growth and early maturity, it earned a Geographical Indication tag in 2023. Cumbum Valley’s grapes, rich in nutrients, are used for wine, spirits, and more. Its location in Tamil Nadu’s Western Ghats adds to its allure.

The correct answer is Nitrogen.

Key Points

• Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere.
• The composition of gases in Earth's atmosphere:
  • Nitrogen(78.08%)
  • Oxygen(20.95%)
  • Argon(0.93%)
  • Carbon dioxide(0.036%)

Hint

• Code to remember the composition of gases in Earth's atmosphere is NO AC(Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Carbon dioxide).

The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) is a multilateral treaty that recognizes and protects various human rights. It sets out the rights of individuals to economic, social, and cultural development.
Among the options provided, the right to accumulate wealth is not seen as a standard of human rights by the ICESCR.
Here is a breakdown of the options and their status as human rights recognized by the ICESCR:
A. Right to social security and insurance: This right is recognized by the ICESCR. It ensures that individuals have access to social security benefits and insurance coverage to protect them against various risks and ensure their well-being.
B. Right to health: This right is also recognized by the ICESCR. It includes the right to access healthcare services, facilities, and essential medicines without discrimination.
C. Right to accumulate wealth: This right is not recognized as a standard of human rights by the ICESCR. While individuals have the right to work, earn a living, and participate in economic activities, the ICESCR focuses more on ensuring a fair distribution of wealth and addressing poverty rather than emphasizing the accumulation of wealth.
D. Right to adequate standard of living: This right is recognized by the ICESCR. It encompasses various aspects such as access to food, clothing, housing, and other essentials necessary for a decent life.
In conclusion, the option C, the right to accumulate wealth, is not seen as a standard of human rights by the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

The International Day of Nowruz is celebrated annually on March 21, marking the first day of spring and symbolizing renewal and cultural diversity. Recognized by UNESCO, Nowruz promotes values of peace, solidarity, reconciliation, and cultural heritage among communities globally.

Answer:
The correct combination regarding the ideals of our Constitution is option C: Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic. Let's break down each ideal:
Sovereign:
- The Constitution declares India as a sovereign nation, which means it is independent and not under the control of any external authority.
- India has the authority to govern itself and make decisions without interference from other countries.
Socialist:
- The Constitution aims to establish a socialist society in India.
- This means promoting social and economic equality, reducing inequalities in income and wealth, and ensuring equal opportunities for all citizens.
Secular:
- India is a secular nation, which means it does not promote any specific religion or give preferential treatment to any particular religion.
- The State maintains an equal distance from all religions and treats all citizens equally, irrespective of their religion.
Democratic Republic:
- India is a democratic republic, where the power to govern is vested in the hands of the people.
- The citizens have the right to elect their representatives through free and fair elections, and these representatives make decisions on their behalf.
- The President is the head of state, and the Prime Minister is the head of government.
In summary, the correct combination of ideals of our Constitution is C: Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic.

• The Constitution of India does not reflect the views of its members alone. It expresses a broad consensus of its time.
• Many countries of the world have had to rewrite their constitution afresh because the basic values were not accepted by all major social groups or political parties. In some other countries, the constitution exists as a mere piece of paper. No one actually follows it. The experience of our constitution is different.
• Over the last half a century, several groups have questioned some provisions of the constitution. But no large social group or political party has ever questioned the legitimacy of the constitution itself.

World Intellectual Property Day, observed annually on April 26, is organized by WIPO to highlight the significance of Intellectual Property (IP) in fostering innovation and creativity. The theme for 2024 is ‘IP and the SDGs: Building our common future with innovation and creativity’. WIPO traces its origins to the Paris Convention of 1883, which established IP protection for inventions, trademarks, and industrial designs. WIPO became a specialized agency of the UN in 1974.

The correct answer is A and R both are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Key Points

Trees as a shelter for animals:

• Trees provide shelter and food for a variety of birds and small animals, such as squirrels and beavers.
• Enhancing growth diversity, trees create an environment that allows the growth of plants that otherwise would not be there.
• Flowers, fruits, leaves, buds, and woody parts of trees are used by many different species.
• Deforestation can directly lead to biodiversity loss when animal species that live in the trees no longer have their habitat, cannot relocate, and therefore become extinct. 

Deforestation can lead certain tree species to permanently disappear, which affects the biodiversity of plant species in an environment.

Hence, the reason is also correct.

Important Points

Human activities that influence the extinction and endangerment of wild species fall into a number of categories:

• ​Land use practices like Deforestation, Projects in urban and suburban development, agriculture, and water management projects that encroach upon and destroy natural habitats.
• Unsustainable hunting and harvesting result in higher rates of death than new individual recruitment.
• Ecological damage caused by water, air, and soil pollution.
• Anthropogenic (human-caused) global climate change.
• ​According to the India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2019, The forest and tree cover in the country is estimated at 80.73 million hectares, which is 24.56 percent of the total geographical area.​

Additional Information

The International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN):

• For the purposes of conservation, the IUCN has divided the threatened plant and animal species into 9 categories.
• Endangered Species: It includes those species which are in danger of extinction. The IUCN's Red List of Threatened Species provides information about endangered species around the world.
• Vulnerable Species: This includes the species which are likely to be in danger of extinction in the near future if the factors threatening their extinction continue.
• Rare Species: The population of these species is very small in the world; they are confined to limited areas or thinly scattered over a wider area.

The president is indirectly elected by an electoral college comprising the Parliament of India (both houses) and the legislative assemblies of each of India's states and territories, who themselves are all directly elected.

• The correct answer is 8.

Key Points

• The eight princely states of Western India that were merged to create PEPSU were Patiala, Jind, Nabha, Faridkot, Kapurthala, Kalsia, Nalagarh, and Malerkotla.

Additional Information

• PEPSU:
  • It is the Patiala and East Punjab States Union.
  • It was an Indian state that merged the eight princely states of Punjab.
  • In 1948, these states were joined to form PEPSU, a new state.
  • They were Patiala, Nabha, Malerkotla, Jind, Kapurthala, Faridkot, Nalagarh, and Kalsia.
  • The capital state was Patiala, with an area of 26,208 square kilometers.
  • 1n 1948, the state was inaugurated and became the state of india only in 1950.
  • The current Jind district and Narnaul tehsil in north Haryana, the Loharu tehsil, Charkhi Dadri district, and Mahendragarh district in southwest Haryana, as well as the Loharu tehsil, Charkhi Dadri district, and Mahendragarh district in southwest Haryana, are all parts of the former state of PEPSU that were included in the state of Haryana after it was split from Punjab on 1 November 1966.

The correct answer is Pash.

Key Points

• It was written by Pash.
• Khilre Hoey Varkey was posthumously published in 1989 after his death

Pash:

• He was the pen name of Avtar Singh Sandhu.
• He was one of the major poets in the Punjabi literature of the 1970s.
• His strongly left-wing views were reflected in his poetry.
• In 1970, he published his first book of revolutionary poems, Loh-Katha (Iron Tale), at the age of 18.

Additional InformationSurjit Patar:

• He is a Punjabi language writer and poet of Punjab, India.
• Patar hails from village Pattar Kalan in Jalandhar district from where he got his surname.

Well known poems:​

"Candles"
"Hanere vich sulagdi Varanmala"
"Aiya Nand Kishore"
"Hanera Jarega Kiven"
"Fasla"
"Koi Daalia Cho Langeya Hawa Bann Ke"

Amrita Pritam:

• She is most remembered for her poem titled “Ajj Aakhaan Waris Shah Nu,” (Today I Invoke Waris Shah).
• She addressed to Punjabi Sufi poet Waris Shah in which she laments the tragedy of the partition of Pakistan from India.
• Her famous novel “Pinjar”, written in 1950, talks about the torture inflicted on women by their abductors in the wake of the Partition.
• It was adapted into a Hindi film which won the National award for Best Feature Film on National Integration in 2004.
• She has written 3 autobiographies: Rasidi Ticket, Kala Gulab' (Black Rose) and Shadows of Words.
• In 1986, she was nominated to the Rajya Sabha.
• She died in 2005.

Prime Minister Modi announced India's plan to open an embassy in Timor-Leste during the ASEAN-India summit in Jakarta, Indonesia, emphasizing India's commitment to stronger ties with Timor-Leste and the ASEAN region.

When the signal happened distance left was 150 km.
150/(s) – 150/(s + 15) = 1/2 hours Æ s = 60.

Chalk box and soap have breadth,length and height . Cylinder has 2 radii and height. A ring (here) is made up of two concentric circles which is a 2d figure. Hence ring is 2 dimensional

Let the S.P = 100
then C.P. = 25
Profit = 75
Profit% = 75/25 * 100 = 300 %

A ratio equivalent to 3 : 7 is:
To find a ratio equivalent to 3 : 7, we need to find a pair of numbers that have the same ratio when simplified. Let's try the options:

(i) 3 : 9 → This simplifies to 1 : 3, not the same as 3 : 7
(ii) 6 : 10 → This simplifies to 3 : 5, not the same as 3 : 7
(iii) 9 : 21 → This simplifies to 3 : 7, which is the same as 3 : 7, so the answer is (iii).

Between 5 and 78:
First number = 6
Last number = 72

Hence, Option D is correct.

[(x)^2]^1/3]1/4

= [(x²)^1/12]

= x^1/6

Hence, Option A is correct.

Hence option B is correct.

ਸਹੀ ਜਵਾਬ ਹੈ , ਕਿਰਿਆ ਕਾਰਕ

Additional Informationਕਾਰਕ :- ਜਿਹੜੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਨਾਂਵ ਜਾਂ ਪੜਨਾਂਵ ਦਾ ਵਾਕ ਦੇ ਕਿਰਿਆ ਵਾਲੇ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਜਾਂ ਵਾਕ ਦੇ ਦੂਜੇ ਸ਼ਬਦਾ ਨਾਲ ਸੰਬੰਧਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਦਰਸਾਉਣ ਉਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਕਾਰਕ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।ਕਾਰਕ ਦੀਆਂ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ- ਕਾਰਕ ਦੀਆਂ ਅੱਠ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ ਹਨ:
1. ਕਰਤਾ ਕਾਰਕ
2. ਕਰਮ ਕਾਰਕ
3. ਕਰਨ ਕਾਰਕ
4. ਸੰਪਰਦਾਨ ਕਾਰਕ
5. ਅਪਾਦਨ ਕਾਰਕ
6. ਸੰਬੰਧ ਕਾਰਕ
7. ਅਧਿਕਰਨ ਕਾਰਕ
8. ਸੰਬੋਧਨ ਕਾਰਕ

ਅਕਾਸ਼ ਦਾ ਸਮਾਨਾਰਥਕ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਹੈ, ਅੰਬਰ

Additional Informationਅਕਾਸ਼ ਦੇ ਹੋਰ ਸਮਾਨਰਥ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਹਨ ਗਗਨ ,ਅਸਮਾਨ ਅਰਸ਼। ਅਕਾਸ਼ ਦਾ ਵਿਰੋਧੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਹੈ , ਪਾਤਾਲ,ਨਰਕ ਆਦਿ।

ਸਹੀ ਉੱਤਰ , ​ਯੋਧਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਮਹਿਮਾ ਵਿਚ ਲਿਖੀ ਗਈ ਬਿਰਤਾਂਤਕ ਕਵਿਤਾ ਨੂੰ "ਵਾਰ "ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ

Additional Information

• ਜਿਸ ਨੇ ਧਰਮ ਜਾਂ ਦੇਸ – ਕੌਮ ਲਈ ਜਾਨ ਕੁਰਬਾਨ ਕੀਤੀ ਹੋਵੇ – ਸ਼ਹੀਦ
• ਜਿਹੜਾ ਦੇਸ਼ ਨਾਲ ਗ਼ਦਾਰੀ ਕਰੇ –ਗੱਦਾਰ

ਸਹੀ ਉੱਤਰ ਹੈ , ਜੱਗ ਬੀਤੀ

Additional Information

• ਲੜਾਈ ਵਿਚ ਨਿਡਰਤਾ ਨਾਲ ਲੜਨ ਵਾਲਾ – ਸੂਰਮਾ
• ਜੋ ਦੁਨੀਆ ਨਾਲ ਬੀਤੀ ਹੋਵੇ – ਜੱਗ – ਬੀਤੀ
• ਪਿਉ ਦਾਦੇ ਦੀ ਗੱਲ ਪਿਤਾ – ਪੁਰਖੀ

ਸਹੀ ਜਵਾਬ ਹੈ , ਨਵੀ ਸੋਚ।

ਸਹੀ ਜਵਾਬ ਹੈ , ਵਰਤਮਾਨ ਕਾਲ

Additional Information

ਕਾਲ ਤਿੰਨ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ:

• ਵਰਤਮਾਨ-ਕਾਲ (ਹੈ, ਹਨ, ਹਾਂ)
• ਭੂਤਕਾਲ (ਸੀ, ਸਨ, ਸਾਂ)
• ਭਵਿੱਖਤ-ਕਾਲ (ਗਾ, ਗੀ, ਗੇ) (ਜਾਵਾਂਗਾ)

ਵਰਤਮਾਨ ਕਾਲ :- ਕਾਲ ਵਾਕ ਕਿਹਾ ਵਿਚ ਕਿਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਦੇ ਜਿਸ ਰੂਪ ਤੋਂ ਇਹ ਪਤਾ ਲੱਗੇ ਕਿ ਕੰਮ ਚੱਲ ਰਹੇ ਸਮੇ ਵਿਚ ਹੋ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ, ਤਾਂ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਵਰਤਮਾਨ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਵਾਕਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਹੈ, ਹਨ, ਹਾਂ, ਕਿਰਿਆਵਾਂ ਲਗਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ:
ਜਿਵੇ:- ਰਾਮ ਖੇਡ੍ਹਦਾ ਹੈ , "ਰਾਜੇਸ਼ ਰੇਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਫਰ ਕਰ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ ਆਦਿ।

ਸਹੀ ਜਵਾਬ , ਵਰਤਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਅਗੇਤਰ ਹੈ , ਸ

ਸਪੁੱਤਰ = ਸ +ਪੁੱਤਰ