APSET Paper 2 Mock Test - 5 (Political Science) - AP TET MCQ

India is a federal (or quasi-federal) democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government largely based on the UK model. India's federal legislative branch consists of the President, the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) as the upper house, and the Lok Sabha (House of the People) as the lower house.

Bureaucracy consisting of all civil servants,
A civil servant can be defined as a bureaucrat hired by the government to work for the public sector. 
Public servant, on the other hand, is an elected or appointed member of the government for social or public services.

The president is the head of the cabinet, it is listed incorrectly

other option are correct.

• Mahatma Gandhi considered the Bhagavad Gita as an "infallible guide of conduct."
• The Bhagavad Gita is a sacred Hindu scripture that is part of the ancient Indian epic, the Mahabharata.
• It is a philosophical and spiritual dialogue between Lord Krishna and the warrior Arjuna, set in the context of a great battle.
• Gandhi found profound wisdom and guidance in the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita.
• He saw it as a source of moral and ethical principles that could provide guidance for individuals in their actions and choices.
• The Bhagavad Gita promotes concepts such as dharma (duty/righteousness), yoga (union with the divine), and the importance of selfless action.
• For Gandhi, the Bhagavad Gita's teachings on non-attachment, selfless service, and the pursuit of truth resonated deeply with his own philosophy.
• He saw the Gita as a manual for leading a purposeful life, resolving dilemmas, and making decisions based on moral principles.
• Gandhi's interpretation of the Bhagavad Gita, particularly its emphasis on nonviolence and self-discipline, played a significant role in shaping his practice of satyagraha (nonviolent resistance) as a means of social and political transformation.

State political parties in India have the flexibility to contest elections at both the state and national levels. These parties primarily operate within a specific state or union territory but can also participate in national elections by fielding candidates for seats in the Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Indian Parliament).

Correct ascending order:'

• The Treaty of Westphalia
• Treaties of Utrecht
• Treaty of Paris
• The Charter of the UN

French women's Right to Vote was the first major victory of the 20th century towards men-women equality ! French women voted for the first time for the municipal elections of April 29, 1945. They voted for the second time for the presidential of October 21, 1945.

Lucian Pye’s six crises in political development facilitate the applicability of the model to nation building in India. India’s social, political and economic development process passes through six crises: Identity crises, Legitimacy crises, Participation crises, Penetration crises, Integration crises and Distribution crises.
Thus, option C is correct.

Politics - Administration Dichotomy is believed to be the first stage in the evolution of Public administration as a separate discipline

The correct answer is Three.

• Since its inception in 1968, the Minnowbrook Conference has so far held three episodes: Minnowbrook I  commissioned in 1968,  it has evolved to become one of the most iconic academic movements in public administrationOpens in new window in the United States.
• It is the outcome of the social disturbances of the late 1960s and early 1970s.
• Since its inception in 1968, the Minnowbrook Conference has so far held three episodes:
  • ​​The First Minnowbrook Conference was commissioned in 1968, to tackle the social unrest of the 1960s, in which public administration showed no signs of being aware of them, much less being eager to solve them.
  • The Second Minnowbrook Conference commissioned in 1988,  was primarily oriented towards the maintenance of social equity.
  • The Third Minnowbrook Conference took place at the Minnowbrook Conference Center in the Adirondack Mountains, Syracuse University, New York, on September 3 – 7, 2008. Broadly deliberated on The Future of Public Administration, Public Management, and Public Service around the World.

Thus, Three Minnobrook conferences are held so far.

The importance given to 'Generalists over Specialists' is the effect of the Colonial age traditions in India.

• In the government, there are two major functional categories: generalists and specialists.
• They are crucial in the formulation of policies, their implementation, and in providing advice to political leaders.
• The nature of modern administration has become more specialized, necessitating the use of various sorts of staff with the requisite abilities, expertise, and characteristics..
• The dominance of the generalists was initially more or less accepted in India, continuing the legacy of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) from the days of the British, and was not severely contested.
• With its people typically holding the top positions in both the central and state governments in addition to the positions of heads of various departments, the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), the organization that succeeded the Indian Civil Service (ICS), or generalists acquired importance. But this predominance of generalists in the administration gave rise to a growing sense of unhappiness in recent times.

The foreign policy of non-alignment was formed by  Playing an active role in mediating between the USA and USSR for a humanitarian co-existence.

Thomas Hobbes well-known for making a significant contribution to political theory such as obligation, state of nature, and negative view of human nature. 

Mao Zedong known as Chairman Mao was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and was chairman of the Chinese Communist Party until 1976.

The wealthy do have a responsibility to help the poor. The responsibility, however, is of a human character. Every human being has a responsibility to use the resources they have, financial or otherwise, to make the world a better place. This is a secular responsibility.

Making use of natural resources to build a city is an example of the exploitation of those resources.
Taking advantage of someone's need for a job and paying them only pennies to perform work so you can get rich is an example of exploitation.

Speaking generally, a type of internal sovereignty is the holding of a form of power by a group in an unlimited way, such that that group has supremacy in regard to that form of power.

Kautilya, often referred to as Chanakya or Vishnugupta, was a renowned great scholar who was instrumental in the 4th century B.C. 

According to Kautilya, the function of the State are mentioned below: 

• To promote the moral and material happiness and welfare of his people
• To enable them to pursue freely their independent efforts in life
• To maintain unity and solidarity
• To promote agriculture, industry and arts
• To reward virtue
• To regulate the means of livelihood, especially of the labourers and artisans
• To encourage education and help students.

Thus, the Empire building only is not the function of the State, according to Kautilya. 

In the Republic, Plato says that art imitates the objects and events of ordinary life.

• In other words, a work of art is a copy of a copy of the form.
• It is even more of an illusion than is ordinary experience.
• On this theory, works of art are at best entertainment, and at worst a dangerous delusion. 
• Life itself was just a mere and poor copy of perfect ideal forms, the art as a copy of a copy was simply a third removal from the reality and truth. 
• A good imitation can undermine the stability of eve

Long absence from duty is not included as a cause for disciplinary action against public servants by L.D. White.

In politics and government, a spoils system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government civil service jobs to its supporters, friends, and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party. 

Educational thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi was influenced by the then social, political and economic circumstances of India. British education was being promoted and disseminated by the Britishers at that time. British education system affected the Indian minds directly and that affect the then education system of India. He suggested need-based education for India to make the child self-centred and not depend upon the British. Educational thought of Gandhi can be pointed out on the following lines:

• Gandhi accepted that the aim of education is the development of physical, mental, emotional and spiritual abilities of the child. Ultimate aim of education is realisation of the self.
• The main aim of education is also earning livelihood. Education of the child should be based on craft. The craft centred education should be based upon the locally available products like pottery, horticulture, agriculture, jute work etc. by which the child can be studied and becomes self-dependent.
• The medium of instruction should be Mother Tongue.
• From seven to fourteen years of age, education of each child should be free, compulsory and universal.
• School should be a place for activity where the child gets busy in various experiments and gains new experiences.
• Education should create useful, responsible and dynamic citizens.

Hence, we conclude that both the above statements are correct.

• The suspension of rights except under article 19 needs presidential order for their suspension, thus not all the rights suspend automatically, hence statement 1 is incorrect.
• The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 restricted the scope of Article 359 in two ways. Firstly, the President cannot suspend the right to move the Court for the enforcement of fundamental rights guaranteed by Articles 20 to 21. Hence statement B is correct.

The legislature in a democratic country can influence public opinion by focusing public attention on various problems facing the country during the course of parliamentary debates.

Importance of the security dilemma for realist understandings of world politics are:-
Very important, as it determines how, or if, a balance of power emerges and if balance of power emerges naturally or must be constructed.

A. He used the term Total Revolution for the first time in a British magazine called ‘the Time’ in 1969. 
This statement is correct.  
Jayaprakash Narayan, often known as JP, coined the term "Total Revolution" and introduced it in an article published in the British magazine 'The Time' in 1969. The concept of Total Revolution emphasized a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to social and political change.  

B. He was very rigid regarding the number of his seven revolutions. He said the seven revolutions could not be grouped and changed as per the social structure in a political system. 
This statement is incorrect. 
Jayaprakash Narayan was not very rigid regarding the number of these revolutions. He said the seven revolutions could be grouped as per demands of the social structures in a political system. He said, "For instance the cultural may include educational and ideological revolutions. And if culture is used in an anthropological sense, it can embrace all other revolutions." He said, 'economic revolution may be split up into industrial, agricultural, technological revolutions etc. similarly intellectual revolutions may be split up into two - scientific and philosophical. Even spiritual revolution can be viewed as made of moral and spiritual or it can be looked upon as part of the culture. And so on." 

C. He was deeply influenced by Trotsky's theory of "permanent revolution" and preached the concept of "permanent civil disobedience". 
This statement is incorrect.  
Jayaprakash Narayan was not deeply influenced by Trotsky's theory of "permanent revolution," nor did he advocate for the concept of "permanent civil disobedience" based on Trotsky's ideas. JP had his own unique approach to social and political change, which was not rooted in Trotsky's theories. However, Rammanohar Lohia was associated with the concept of "permanent civil disobedience," and it was not Jayaprakash Narayan who preached this concept. 

Hence, the correct answer is B – Only B and C.

Arthashastra of Kautilya has mentioned Twenty seven Adhyakshas appointed by State.

• Kautilya or Chankya was the chief minister of Chandragupta Maurya.
• He wrote Arthashastra which is a treatise on statecraft, economics, and military strategy.
• The central administration of Mauryan empire was conducted by highly skilled Superintendents or Adhyakshas who looked after various departments.
• Kautilya in the second book of his Arthashastra, Adhyakshaprachara, gives an account of the working of nearly twenty seven Adhyakshas.
• Some of the important Adhyakshas mentioned in the Arthashastra of Kautilya are:
  • Akshapataladhyaksha - Accountant General
  • Sulkadhyaksha - Collector of customs or tolls
  • Akaradhyaksha - Superintendent of mines
  • Lakshanadhyaksha - Superintendent of the mint
  • Devatadhyaksha - Incharge of religious institutions

Hence, the correct answer is - Twenty seven

Assertion (A): Herbert Simon rejected Principles of Administration

• It was stated that because of its political essence and function, administration cannot be isolated from politics. 
• He argued for the behavioural approach to public administration in order to turn it into a more academic field of study.
• He emphasised decision-making as a substitute for the principles-based approach.

Thus, Assertion (A) is true.

Reason (R) : For Simon, these are merely proverbs

• The administrative ideas were also questioned and condemned for lacking general applicability and scientific validity.
• Therefore, Simon referred to them as "proverbs" and "naturalistic fallacies".
• Simon intended to replace the very simplified classical approach to economic modelling, which was centred on the idea of a single, profit-maximizing entrepreneur. 

Hence, Reason (R) is true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). 

Therefore, Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Swami Dayananda Saraswati was against the caste system in India and believed that idolatry, untouchability and caste system were against the values enshrined in the Vedas.

• He wanted to establish a caste free society. Hence, statement 1 is wrong.
• After the completion of his education, his mission was to spread the true Hindu culture and Religion, for which he relied solely on the Vedas.
• He thus founded the “Arya Samaj” at Bombay on 10th April, 1875.
• Accepting Vedas as the absolute truth, he propounded ‘Back to the Vedas’ as his strategy for Hindu Revivalism.
• He opposed child marriage and polygamy, and had faith in female education.
• Using his robust “Vedic Counterpart”, he challenged the masculine West.

The ideology of Post Modernism has prominently adopted female historiography.

• The postmodern theories range from moderate to extreme criticism of modernity.
• The postmodern theorists question the very basics on which the discipline of history has been based.
• They do not believe in the disciplinary boundaries in academics, such as those between history and literature, or between economics and anthropology and so on.
• They also question the existence of facts and events apart from what the historians make them out to be.
• In their view, linguistic representation becomes the essence of the past and the core of history.
• The post-modernists also prominently adopted female historiography as there was absence of women in the modern historiography.

Therefore, we can conclude that the ideology of Post Modernism has prominently adopted female historiography.