APSET Paper 2 Mock Test - 5 (History) - AP TET MCQ

The correct answer is Revenue free land given to learned persons

Key Points

• The Mughal administration issued grants as Madad-i-Mash to pious or otherwise worthy recipients as charity.
• The spirit of composite culture and harmony expressed in revenue-free grants (Madad-i-Mash), which the nobles extended to the support of saints, maintenance of religious institutions, religious places and upkeep of Mashaikhs etc.
• Aurangzeb's Farman of 1690 talks about making aimma lands hereditary. The aimma lands here refer to the madad – i – mash grants.
• Since most Mughal emperors consciously followed this tradition of granting some land as madad – I- maash to women, Jahangir also continued with this policy.
• category of lands were the Madad-I Mash grants:- Poor and destitute.

• Government of India Act 1935 provided for an all-India Federation of the provinces and the Princely States. This federation did not come in force as princely state did not joined the assembly. However, the act did come in force. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
• The act did not abrogate the doctrine of Paramountcy. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• The Act which abrogated the doctrine of Paramountcy of British over the Princely States was Indian Independence Act of 1947.

Key Points

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The Greeks in effect maintained a political presence at the doorstep, and sometimes within India, down to the 1st century CE with the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and the Indo-Greek Kingdoms, with many noticeable influences on the arts of the Maurya Empire (c.321–185 BCE) especially. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
• Statement 2 is correct. Excavations in the ancient palace of Pataliputra have brought to light Hellenistic sculptural works, and Hellenistic influence appears in the Pillars of Ashoka at about the same period. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Statement 3 is correct. This art was not purely Greek. It was the outcome of the Greek contact with non-Greek conquered people after Alexander’s death. Gandhara art was its best example in India. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Additional Information

• Hellenistic influence on Indian art and architecture reflects the artistic and architectural influence of the Greeks on Indian art following the conquests of Alexander the Great, from the end of the 4^th century BCE to the first centuries of the common era.
• During the Maurya period (c. 321–185 BCE), and especially during the time of Emperor Ashoka (c.268–232 BCE), Hellenistic influence seems to have played a role in the establishment of Indian monumental stone architecture.

Buddhism was divided into Mahayana and Hinayana in the Fourth Buddhist Council.

Dastak was the trade permit sanctioned to the East India Company by the Mughal government. Under the terms and conditions of Farrukh Siyar’s farman of 1717 the East India Company was entitled to trade in Bengal without paying the normal customs duty. Based on the right derived from the imperial farman, the company used to issue dastaks authorising their agents to trade customs-free within the province of Bengal. The nawab had issued parwanas to all his officials to honour the dastaks when the company traders produced it to them on demand. According to the farman of 1717, this right of free trade covered by the dastaks was restricted to the company alone. This right, according to the farman, was not to be exercised by the company's private traders. But in practice, the private traders of the company generally abused the free trade right by producing the dastak to the chowkies of the government. Also, the company sold dastaks at high price not only to European private traders but also to native merchants. The abuse of dastak was, in fact, one of the key issues of conflicts between the nawab and the company.

The correct answer is Formal democratic institutions only benefited the elite classes, not subaltern groups.

Explanation:

• The subaltern studies scholars argued that in postcolonial societies like India, the formal structures of electoral democracy and rights did not lead to genuine democratic participation and empowerment of the subordinated classes like peasants, laborers, tribals etc.
• These subaltern groups continued to be marginalized in economic and social terms.
• The elites dominated the democratic process to perpetuate their power and privilege.
• So democracy only resulted in the ‘rule of the few’ rather than the ‘rule of the many’.
• The subaltern project aimed to uncover perspectives of the subordinated masses often left out of elite historiography and enable their agency.
• The other options do not accurately reflect the subaltern critique which focused on the failure of formal democracy to change the condition of subaltern groups, rather than lack of democratic culture, authoritarianism of leaders or diversity per se.
• So option C summarizes the core argument made by scholars of the subaltern school about the working of democracy in postcolonial contexts.

Ain-i-Akbari is a literary source that gives an insight into the Mughal Empire.

Important Points

• The Ain-i Akbari is a 16th century document written by the Mughal Emperor Akbar's court historian and biographer, Abul Fazl.
  • It provides detailed information about the administration, society, and culture of the Mughal Empire during Akbar's reign.
  • The Ain-i Akbari covers topics such as the imperial household, land revenue, the military, the caste system, and the various religions of the empire.
  • It is considered an important historical source for understanding the Mughal Empire and its administration.

Hence, we can conclude that Ain-i-Akbari provides economic conditions of the reign of Akbar.

Dyarchy was introduced as part of Government of India act 1919 also known as Montagu-chelmsford reforms. Under the scheme provincial subjects were divided into reserved and transferred subjects.

In case of reserved subjects Governor of the Province administered with the help of the members of executive council nominated by him. Whereas transferred subjects were administered by Governor acting on the advice of elected ministers.

Second statement is also incorrect as Dyarchy though Abolished at provincial level in 1937 was introduced at Central level in Government of India act 1935.

Among the given statements regarding Jainism, the statement 'According to the Kalpasutra, at the time when Mahaveer attained Nirvana, the Jain Sadhus outnumbered Jain sadhvies' is not true.

Key Points

• The Digambara Jain sect believes that women cannot achieve liberation without being reborn as men first.
• The Svetambara sect disagrees and believes that women too can attain Moksha during her life span itself.

Hence, the statement 1 is correct.

• Women in Jainism are treated within the same code of ethics as that is prescribed for men.
• However junior a jain sadhu (male saint) may be whenever he arrives, jain sadhavi (female saint) is bound to offer a formal welcome.

Thus, the statement 2 is correct.

• There is a controversy between the Digambara and Svetambara regarding the 19th Teerthankar Mallinath.
• The Svetambaras believed that Lord Mallinath was a female.
• The Digambaras disagree with Svetambaras and perceive that a true mendicant must renounce all property or possessions including clothes to attain moksha.

Hence, the statement 3 is true.

• According to the Kalpasutra, at the time when Mahaveer attained Nirvana, the Jain sadhvies were more in number than the Jain Sadhus.

Therefore, the statement 4 is not correct.

Hence, we can conclude that among the given statements regarding Jainism, the statement 'According to the Kalpasutra, at the time when Mahaveer attained Nirvana, the Jain Sadhus outnumbered Jain sadhvies' is not true.

Nigantha Nataputta refers to Mahavira. A Nirgrantha refers to Jains. A person who has attained kevalya can be a nirgrantha.

A.O.Hume became the general secretary of the Indian National Congress as he came to be known as the Founder Father of Congress. Dadabhai Naroji was the one to suggest the name “Indian National Congress”. W.C. Banerji became the first President.

He was the author of two pamphlets- “A Rising Star in the East” and “Old Man’s Dream”. The “Safety Value Theory” is actually a criticism against Hume attributing his ulterior motives in forming the Congress. Lala Lajpat Rai and Lala Hansraj were the critic of Hume.

The correct answer is Churaman.

• The Jats consolidated their power in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.
  • Under the leadership of Churaman they gained control of the areas west of Delhi.
  • By the 1680s they dominated the area between Delhi and Agra.

Additional Information

• Raja Bharmal, also known as Bihari Mal, Bhagmal and Bihar Mal, was a Rajput ruler of Amer, later known as Jaipur, in the present-day state of Rajasthan, India.
  • His daughter, Mariam-uz-Zamani, was married in 1562 to the Mughal Emperor Akbar, who soon became his most beloved and favorite wife.
• Hyder Ali was the sultan and de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India.
  • Born as Hyder Ali Khan, he distinguished himself as a soldier, eventually attracting the attention of the rulers of Mysore.
• Shivaji Bhonsle I, also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji, was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha dynasty.

These were some of the movements that occurred in the Madras Presidency. In 1916, the South India People’s Association, a political party which later got transformed into the Justice Party was founded by Petty Tyagaroy Chetty, C.M. Nair and T.N. Mudalian. Self Respect Movement was started by E.V. Ramaswamy Naiker, popularly known as ‘Periyar’. Munnattu Padmanarbho Pillai founded the Nair Welfare Society.

Tirthankara Parswanath was the 23rd Tirthankar who preached four teachings of Jainism: not to kill, not to lie, not to steal and not to own property. His idol is recognized by the symbol of serpent.

The correct answer is option 3, i.e, 3 and 4.

• The rise of Marathas:
  • Decline of the Mughal Empire was the rise of the Marathas under the Peshwa.
  • They consolidated their position in Western India and then started entertaining plans for a Hindu-Pad Padshahi.
  • The Marathas became the strongest power in Northern India in the mid 18th century.
  • They played the role of king-makers at the Delhi court.
  • They acted as the defenders of the country against foreign invaders like Ahmad Shah Abdali.
  • The inability to the Mughal Emperors to accomodate the Marathas and to adjust their claims within the framework of the Mughal Empire.
  • The consequent breakdown of the attempt to create a composite ruling class in India.
• Ahmad Shah Abdali:
  • Abdali repeatedly invaded and plundered northern India right down to Delhi and Mathura between 1748 and 1767.
  • In 1761, Abdali defeated the Maratha in the third Battle of Panipat.
  • After defeating Mughal and Maratha, Abdali didnot found a new Afghan kingdom in India.

The Gandhi–Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931 before the second Round Table Conference in London.

• The Raigarh Fort was built by Shivaji Maharaj and was made capital in the year 1674.
• After it was captured by the Mughals in 1689 Satara was made the next capital of the Maratha Government.

In 1908 Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose threw a bomb at the carriage that they thought was transporting the unpopular Judge Kingsford of Muzzafarpur. However, due to misinformation they attacked Mr Kennedy and in the blast his wife and daughter were killed. The duo were tried in Muzzafarpur Conspiracy Case.

The Alipore Bomb Case, also called Muraripukur conspiracy or the Manicktolla bomb conspiracy was the trial of a number of revolutionaries of the Anushilan Samiti in Calcutta.

Among the famous accused were Aurobindo Ghosh, his brother Barin Ghosh as well as 37 other Bengali nationalists of the Anushilan Samiti.

The Kakori Conspiracy was a train robbery that took place between Kakori and, near Lucknow, on 9 August 1925. The robbery was organised by the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). The robbery was conceived by Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan who belonged to the HRA, which later became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. This organisation was established to carry out revolutionary activities against the British Empire in India with the objective of achieving independence. Since the organisation needed money for purchase of weaponry, Bismil and his party decided to plunder a train on one of the Northern Railway lines.

• "The Story of the Integration of the Indian States" is authored by V. P. Menon (Vapal Pangunni Menon).
• V. P. Menon was a key civil servant and right-hand man of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and he played a significant role in the negotiation process that led to the integration of the princely states into the Indian Union after independence in 1947.
• His book provides a detailed account of the strategies and negotiations involved in this complex political and administrative task

Additional Information

• Vapal Pangunni Menon, commonly known as V. P. Menon, was a significant figure in Indian history, particularly during the period leading up to and immediately following India's independence from British rule in 1947.

• Born in 1893, Menon rose from humble beginnings to become one of the highest-ranking Indian officials in the British Indian administration.

• He is best known for his close association with Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the then Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India. As Patel's right-hand man, Menon played a pivotal role in the process of integrating the princely states into the Indian Union, an operation that was crucial to the formation of the Republic of India as a cohesive and unified nation.

• Menon held the positions of Reforms Commissioner and Secretary in the Ministry of States. His excellent negotiation skills and deep understanding of both the Indian princely states and British administrative system were instrumental in persuading the rulers of the princely states to accede to India.

• V. P. Menon is the author of two seminal works on this period of Indian history: "The Transfer of Power in India" and "The Story of the Integration of the Indian States." These books provide invaluable insights into the political and administrative challenges faced by India during its transition from British rule to independence and the subsequent unification of its diverse regions.

• Menon's legacy is that of a key architect of India's unity, remembered for his dedication, strategic acumen, and the pivotal role he played in shaping the newly independent nation. He passed away in 1966, leaving behind a lasting impact on India's historical and political landscape.

The Correct answer is 1 only.

Important Points

• The administrative machinery of the Aryans in the Rig Vedic period functioned with the tribal chief, for his successful leadership in war, at the centre. He was called Rajan. It seems that in the Rig Vedic period, the king‘s post had become hereditary. However, the Rajan was a kind of chief and did not exercise unlimited power, having to reckon with the tribal organizations.
• There are traces of the election of the king by the tribal assembly called the Samiti. The king was called the protector of his tribe. He protected its cattle, fought its wars, and offered prayers to the gods on its behalf.
  • Hence the statement 1 is correct.
• Several tribal or kin-based assemblies such as the sabha, Samiti, Vidatha, and Gana are mentioned in the Rig Veda. They exercised deliberative, military, and religious functions. Even women attended the sabha and Vidatha in Rig Vedic times.
• The king did not maintain any standing army, but in times of war, he mustered a militia whose military functions were performed by various tribal groups called Vrata, Gana, grama, Sardha. By and large, it was a tribal system of government in which the military element was strong.
  • Hence statement 2 is not correct.

The correct answer is 64 gates and 570 towers.

Key Points

• Megasthenes was a Greek Diplomat, Historian, and ethnographer whose extensive writings about the cultures of India gave an insight into the lives of ancient Indians during the rule of Chandragupta Maurya.
• Seleucid-Mauryan War around 305 BC, Megasthenes became an ambassador for Seleucus I to the court of Chandragupta Maurya in Pataliputra.
• The compilation of Megasthenes’ work is known as Indica.
• According to the writings of the Greek diplomat Megasthenes, Pataliputra, is the capital surrounded by a wooden wall pierced by 64 gates and 570 towers that rivaled the splendors of contemporaneous Persian sites such as Susa and Ecbatana.

Additional Information

• The capital of the Maurya empire was Patliputra.
• The founder of the Maurya empire was Chandragupta Maurya.
• Chandragupta, with the help of an intelligent and politically astute Brahmin, Kautilya usurped the throne by defeating Dhana Nanda in 321 BC.
• His reign lasted from 321 BC to 297 BC.
• He abdicated the throne in favor of his son, Bindusara, and went to Karnataka with Jain monk Bhadrabahu. He had embraced Jainism and is said to have starved himself to death according to the Jain tradition at Shravanabelagola.

LATER VEDIC AGE – The Kekaya kingdom was situated on the bank of River Beas, east of Gandhar kingdom. King Aswapati ruled Kekaya when Janak was the king of Videha.

The battle of ten kings was fought between Sudas, a Bharata king of the Tritsu family and the confederacy of ten well-known tribes- Puru, Yadu, Turvasa, Anu, Druhyu, Alina, Paktha ,Bhalanas,Shiva and Vishanin. In the bloody and decisive battle on the banks of River Purushni, the Bharatas emerged victorious. The reason behind the war is the rivalry between Vishwamitra and Vasishtha.

The Bhakti saint who was mainly famous for his Ram Bhakti poetry was Keshavadas.

Important Points

• Keshavdas was a Brahmin by caste.
• His father's name was Kashinath.
• Keshav is considered the first teacher of ritual poetry.
• He had very good knowledge of Hindi and Sanskrit.
• He was also a scholar of music, theology, astrology and politics.
• He was mainly famous for his Ram Bhakti poetry.
• Four of his books are famous - 'Rasik Priya,' Kavi Priya, 'Vigyan-Gita and' Ram Chandrika.
• Ram Chandrika has been called 'the museum of verses'.
• Ram Chandrika is the most famous book of Keshav and it comes in the category of epic.

• It describes the story of Rama.

Therefore, we can conclude that the Bhakti saint who was mainly famous for his Ram Bhakti poetry was Keshavadas.

The Cripps mission came to India in March 1942. The mission was headed by a Sir Stafford Cripps. The mission was sent to negotiate an agreement with the nationalist Congress leaders. The mission asked India to keep loyalty to the British war effort and promised of elections and full self-government or Dominion status after the cessation of the World War II.

The correct answer is option 2. i.e 4,2,3,1.

Bhatarka was the first ruler of the Maitraka dynasty.

• The correct sequence is 4,2,3,1.
• Bhatarka was a military governor under the Gupta empire. At the end of the 5^th century, he established an independent kingdom in Gujarat.
• Vallabhi, Gujarat was the capital city.
• I-Tsing, a Chinese traveller visited Vallabhi and mentioned its greatness and called it a centre of learning.
• Siladitya VI was the last ruler.

Indo-Saracenic Architecture

• The term Saracenic was used to refer to the Roman people that lived in the desert areas of Arabia. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• It is an amalgamation of elements of Mughal architecture with the Victorian Gothic style. It is also known as Indo-Gothic, or Neo-Mughal style.
• British governmental and public buildings drew inspiration from local architetural traditions and also Gothic features (pointed arch, ornate decoration and grandeur).
• Chepaul Palace in Chennai built for the Nawab of Arcot was the first Indo-Saracenic building India. Other examples include the Mysore Palace (Karnataka), Victoria Memorial (Kolkata), Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (Mumbai).

Pietra Dura

• The term has been derive from Italian, and it means ‘’hard stones’’.
• The technique was developed in ancient Rome and was known as opus sectile, and reached its full maturity in Florence, Italy. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect, as the technique did not develop from French architecture.
• It involves cutting and fitting of highly polished coloured precious or semi-precious stones to create images. The stones are glued one by one to the surface which has been cut and sliced in the shape of the stone. The stones fit interlock in the frame like a jigsaw puzzle, creating beautiful patterns.
• After this, the stones are heated to get the desired shaded coloured effect.
• Finally, the stones and edges are polished for a lasting shine.
• From Florence, the art was diffused all over the world, including the Mughal court in India. Here, the art developed with the name Parchin Kari or inlay work.
• It started to be used extensively from Jahangir’s reign. The Taj Mahal is a fine example of art in India

Tanjore paintings are characterised by rich, flat and vivid colors, simple iconic composition, glittering gold foils overlaid on delicate but extensive gesso work and inlay of glass beads and pieces or very rarely precious and semi-precious gems. The theme of this form of painting is Hindu Gods and Goddess. Hence, the pictures of child Krishna dominated the painting. It was developed by the Chola rulers.

The distinct school of Mysore painting evolved from the paintings of Vijayanagar times during the reign of the Vijayanagar Kings. The rulers of Vijayanagar and their feudatories encouraged literature, art, architecture, religious and philosophical discussions. With the fall of the Vijayanagar empire after the Battle of Talikota, the artists who were till then under royal patronage migrated to various other places like Mysore, Tanjore, Surpur, etc. Absorbing the local artistic traditions and customs, the erstwhile Vijayanagar School of Painting gradually evolved into the many styles of painting in South India, including the Mysore and Tanjore schools of painting.

Big buildings distinguished both Harappa and Mohenjo-daro; the latter was extremely rich in structures. Their monuments symbolized the ability of the ruling class to mobilize labour and collect tax; the huge brick constructions also impressed common people with the prestige and influence of their rulers.

Duke Memorandum is associated with Sir William Duke, a member of the English Round Table Group and he had formulated a scheme which eventually became the basis of Joint Report of Montague and Chelmsford.

Hence, the correct option is B.