APSET Paper 2 Mock Test - 10 (History) - AP TET MCQ

The correct answer is It cannot be said that the Vedic society shifted to East.

Key Points

• The Vedic age is divided into two parts: The early Vedic age and the later Vedic age.
• The period from 1500 BC to 1000 BC is considered the Early Vedic age.
• The period from 1000 BC to 600 BC is considered the Later Vedic period.
• During the later Vedic period, the Aryans' settlement covered the whole of north India.
• The archaeological evidence suggests that Iron was discovered by the later Vedic society and they used it for various purposes.
• These all pieces of evidence of agriculture equipment show the transition of later Vedic society from a pastoral society to an agrarian society.
• The Vedic society used iron technology most for the wars, they made the arrow to fight the wars.
• The institution of gotra appeared during this period.
• As against tribal endogamy, people practiced gotra exogamy marrying outside the gotra.
• Gotra signified descent from a common ancestor and marriages could not take place between couples belonging to the same gotra.

Important Points

• Satapatha Brahmana mentioned the expansion of Vedic people towards the east.
• So, it can be said that Vedic society shifted to the east.

Additional Information

• It is also believed that the discovery of iron depicts a great impact of technological change in the life of people in later Vedic society.
• The iron axe helps in clearing the forests and it increases the practice of permanent cultivation at that time.

All the above-mentioned options were reasons in part for the causes of revolt but option 4th is the best summation of all the other options and reasons herein not stated.

Thus The Indian Rebellion of 1857 occurred as the result of an accumulation of factors over time, rather than any single event greased cartridges.

For instance, nobility, many of whom had lost titles and domains under the Doctrine of Lapse, which refused to recognize the adopted children of princes as legal heirs, felt that the Company had interfered with a traditional system of inheritance. Similarly oppressive revenue demand and judicial system along with with perceived and real religious onslaught by missionaries also spread dissatisfaction among people. Administrative innovations and social reforms were also in part responsible for distrust among people towards British.

Uddyotana Suri is the author of Jain literature Kuvalayamala.

Key Points

• In 779 AD, the scholarly monk Uddyotana Suri composed a long novel named Kuvalayamala.
• This Jain literature was written in kavya style and in a mixed form of prose and verse.
• It was named after name of its central character the Princess Kuvalayamala.
• Much like Bana, who recounts the story of the love affair between Prince Candraplda and the Apsaras Kadambari, Uddyotana presents to his readers the quest of Prince Kuvalayacandra for Princess Kuvalayamala.
• Uddyotana Suri skillfully integrates this story into the adventure of religious initiation undergone by the characters struggling against their own passions who attain deliverance in the end.

• The author was able to present a mirror of the complexity of the world with all its sufferings and all of its joys and to convey to his audience the fundamental value of Jainism.

Therefore, we can conclude that Uddyotana Suri is the author of Jain literature Kuvalayamala.

Additional Information

Key Points

• Agra Fort's construction was started by Akbar between 1565 and 1573.
• It is situated on the west bank of the Yamuna River, about 2km upstream from the Taj Mahal.
• Akbar built the fort of sandstone; his grandson Shah Jahan, constructed palaces of white marble within the fort itself.

The correct answer is 1 and 2 only.

Key Points

Sufi movement -

• Sufism was a liberal reform movement within Islam. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• It had its origin in Persia and spread into India in the eleventh century.
• Sufism stressed the elements of love and devotion as an effective means of the realization of God. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• Love of God meant love of humanity and so the Sufis believed service to humanity was tantamount to service to God.
• In Sufism, self-discipline was considered an essential condition to gain knowledge of God by a sense of perception.
• While orthodox Muslims emphasize external conduct, the Sufis lay stress on inner purity.
• While the orthodox belief in the blind observance of rituals, the Sufis consider love and devotion as the only means of attaining salvation.
• These liberal and unorthodox features of Sufism had a profound influence on medieval Bhakti saints.
• In the later period, Akbar, the Mughal emperor, appreciated Sufi doctrines which shaped his religious outlook and religious policies.

Important Points

Famous Sufi saints -

• The first Sufi saint Shaikh Ismail of Lahore started preaching his ideas.
• The most famous of the Sufi saints of India was Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti, who settled in Ajmer which became the centre of his activities. He had a number of disciples who are called Sufis of the Chishti order.
• Another well-known Sufi saint was Bahauddin Zakariya who came under the influence of another famous mystic Shihabuddin Suhrawardi. His branch of Sufi saints was known as the Sufis of the Suhrawardi Order.
• Yet another famous Sufi saint was Nizamuddin Auliya who belonged to the Chishti order. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.
• These Sufi saints are revered even today by not only Muslims but by a large number of Hindus.

Lingayatism is a distinct religious tradition in India. It is centred on Hindu God Shiva as the universal God in the iconographic form of Ishtalinga. The adherents of the faith are known as Lingayats. Lingayatism was founded by the 12th century philosopher and statesman Basava, and spread by his followers who were called Sharanas.

Alwars were Tamil poet-saints of South India who espoused bhakti (devotion) to the Hindu Supreme god Vishnu or his avatar Krishna in their songs of longing, ecstasy and service. They are venerated, especially in Vaishnavism, which regards Vishnu or Krishna as the Supreme Being. Andal was a woman Alwar who was devoted to Vishnu. Her compositions were widely sung.

The Nayanars were a group of 63 saints (also saint poets) in the 6th to 8th century who were devoted to the Hindu God Shiva in Tamil Nadu. They, along with the Alvars, influenced the Bhakti movement in Tamil. A Nayanar devoted to Shiva adopted a path of extreme asceticism.

Advaita philosophy of Shankara taught that it was only by knowledge that one could worship God. It is a Vedantic doctrine that identifies the individual self (atman) with the ground of reality (brahman).

Dadabhai Naoroji, also called as Grand Old Man of India, was a businessman who had excellent analysis on colonial economy related to economic drain in Poverty and Un British Rule in India, so it is correct. Apart from Dadabhai Naoroji, G.V. Joshi, G. Subramaniya lyer, G.K. Gokhale were other workers and journalists who analysed several other aspects of economy and studied economic issues and colonial economic policies, so this is also correct. Romesh Chandra Dutt who was a retired ICS officer published “Economic History of India’ in 20th century in order to examine details about complete economic record of colonial rule since 1757.

The correct answer is A - 3, B - 1, C - 5, D - 2, E - 4

Key Points

• Maitrakas
  • The Maitraka dynasty ruled western India (now Gujarat) from approximately 475 to approximately 776 CE from their capital Vallabhi.
  • There were a total of 19 kings ruled in this dynasty but the majors are,
    • Bhatarka
    • Dharasena I
    • Dronasimha
    • Dhruvasena I
    • Guhasena
    • Dharasena II
    • Siladitya I
    • Dhruvasena II
    • Dharasena Iv
• The Kalachuris
  • ​The Kalachuris, also known as Kalachuris of Mahishmati were an Indian dynasty that ruled in west-central India between the 6th and 7th centuries.
    • Krishnaraja
    • Shankaragana
    • Buddharaja
• The Vardhanas
  • ​Vardhana Dynasty also called Pushyabhuti Dynasty,
  • They ruled in northern India during the 6th and 7th centuries.
    • Pushyabhuti
    • Nāravardhana
    • Rājyavardhana I
    • Adityavardhana
    • Prabhakaravardhana
    • Rajyavardhana
    • Harshavardhana
• The Chalukyas
  • ​The Chalukya dynasty was a Classical Indian dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and 12th centuries.
    • Jayasimha
    • Vishnuvardhana II
    • Vishnuvardhana III
    • Vijayaditya II
    • Gunaga Vijayaditya III
    • Vijayaditya VI
• The Shailodbhava
  • ​The Shailodbhava (IAST: Śailodbhava) dynasty ruled parts of eastern India during the 6th-8th centuries.
    • Shailodbhava
    • Raṇabhīta
    • Mahārāja Mahāsāmanta Mādhavarāja I
    • Mahārāja Yaśhobhīta
    • Madhyamarāja I

    • Madhyamarāja II

The Ryotwari Settlement concerns with annual agreements which was made among cultivators for sake of Pattas. Further it is noticed that Government was Landlord and peasants were Land Owners which possess patta by paying annual cash rents, making statements 1 and 2 correct. Statement 3 is also correct as and revenue was assessed as per fertility of land where average assessment in cash would be Re. 1/acre.

Samudragupta was a ruler of the Gupta Empire of Ancient India.

Key Points

Samudragupta’s policy towards the rulers of Dakshinapatha:

• So far the rulers of Dakshinapatha were concerned, Samudragupta maintained a submissive attitude towards them.
• There were twelve rulers who surrendered to Samudragupta after being defeated.
• He then allowed all of them to rule again.

Hence, the correct answer is They surrendered after being defeated and then were allowed to rule again.

Additional Information

• On accepting the subjugation of Samudragupta, all the South Indian kings were freed and also offered their daughters in marriage.
• They brought tribute, followed his orders, and attended his court.
• Samudragupta (335-376 BC) was the great ruler of the Gupta dynasty, he was the successor of Chandragupta I.
• The most important source of information about the conquests of Samudragupta is the 'Allahabad Pillar' or 'Prayag Prasasti'.

The correct answer is 1,2,3 and 4.

Important Points

• During the Chalcolithic period, both metal and stone were used to make tools in daily life.
• The Chalcolithic cultures followed the Harappan culture of the Bronze Age.
• It spanned from about 2500 BCE to 700 BCE.
• Most of the people were rural and lived in hills and near rivers.
• The people of the Chalcolithic age depended on hunting, fishing and agriculture.
• Migration and dispersal of population groups are often cited as reasons for the origin of the different cultures of the Chalcolithic.
• Since this was the beginning of the first metal age in India, during this period copper and its alloy bronze, which melts at a lower temperature, were used in the manufacture of various objects.

• Rajasthan, Malwa, Maharashtra, Gujarat and northern Deccan were the main areas of this period.

Thus 1,2,3 and 4 are correct.

The entry of women as Bhikshuni into the sangha was allowed by the Buddha at Vaishali on the request of his disciple Anand. The first woman who was admitted to sangha was Mahaprajapati Gautami.

Many steps that were in the interest of the people were taken by the Mughal ruler, Akbar; one of them was the end of pilgrimage tax.

The Regulating Act was passed in the year 1773 (It was formally known as the East India Company Act). It was the first landmark of the constitutional development in India.

Among the given statements about Spengler and Toynbee, the statement 'Both saw cultures / civilisations as organic entities' is false.

Important Points

• Oswald Arnold Gottfried Spengler was a German historian and philosopher of history whose interests included mathematics, science, and art, as well as their relation to his organic theory of history.
• He is best known for his two-volume work, The Decline of the West, published in 1918 and 1922, covering world history.
• Arnold Joseph Toynbee was an English historian, a philosopher of history, an author of numerous books and a research professor of international history at the London School of Economics and King's College London.
• He is best known for his 12-volume A Study of History (1934–1961).
• The theories of Spengler and Toynbee were based on comparative study of culture / civilisations.
• Both were concerned with the rise and fall of civilisations.
• Both Spengler and Toynbee attempted to reveal the grand design of history.
• Spengler's model of history postulates that human cultures and civilizations are akin to biological entities, each with a limited, predictable, and deterministic lifespan.
• Spengler's conception of seeing cultures as completely separate entities was at variance with Toynbees view.

• Toynbee does not saw cultures / civilisations as organic entities.

Peasant Movements are a part of social movements against British atrocities in the 18th and 19th centuries of the British Colonial Period. These movements had the sole purpose of restoring the earlier forms of rule and social relations.

Important Points

The Pagal Panthi, a semi-religious group mainly constituting the Hajong and Garo tribes of Mymensingh district (earlier in Bengal), was founded by Karam Shah.

• The tribal peasants organised themselves under Karam Shah’s son, Tipu, to fight the oppression of the zamindars.
• The government introduced an equitable arrangement to protect these peasants, but the movement was violently suppressed.

Thus, we can say that Karam Shah was the leader of Pagal Panthis.

Additional Information

• Narkelberia Uprising (1782-1831) was led by Titu Mir/ Mir Nithar Ali.
• Faraizi Revolt was led by Shariat-Allah and his son Dadu Mian.
• Munda Ulgulan (1899- 1900) was led by Birsa Munda in the region south of Ranchi

Labour unrest and Trade Unions:

• Strikes were organized on the issue of rising prices and racial insults in foreign-owned companies. Eg.
  • In September 1905, more than 250 Bengali clerks of the Burn Company, Howrah walked out in protest against a derogatory work regulation.
  • In July 1906, a strike of workers was organized in the East Indian Railway which resulted in the formation of a Railwaymen’s Union.
  • Between 1906 and 1908, strikes in the jute mills were very frequent.
  • Subramania Siva and Chidambaram Pillai led strikes in Tuticorin and Tirunelveli in a foreign-owned cotton mill. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
  • In Rawalpindi (Punjab), the arsenal and railway workers went on strike led by Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • However, in 1908, the labor unrest subsided under strict action.
• An attempt was also made to give political expression to the economic grievances of the working class by organizing these strikes.
• The question is asking about incorrect statements. Accordingly, D is correct.

The pair of 'Lectures on Modern History - Marc Bloch' is not correctly matched.

Key Points

• Ancient Indian Historical Tradition:
  • ​Ancient Indian historical tradition by F E Pargiter is a result obtained from an examination of Puranic and epic tradition as well as the Rigveda and Vedic literature.
  • It includes the study of Puranas and epics for geographical information about ancient India.
• Hinduism and its Sense of History:
  • It has been long taken for granted in the study of Hinduism over the past two centuries that the Hindus lacked a sense of history.
  • This book by Arvind Sharma marshalled evidence to render this assumption, which has had far-reaching consequences, implausible.
• Debates with Historians:
  • This book was written by Peter Geyl.
  • He was a Dutch historian and well known for his studies in early modern Dutch history and in historiography.
• Lectures on Modern History:
  • This book was written by John Dalberg-Acton.

  • It is a survey of modern history from the rise of the modern nation state to the American Revolution.

Based on the above discussion, we can conclude that the pair of 'Lectures on Modern History - Marc Bloch' is not correctly matched.

Megasthenes was a Greek literary who came to India during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya. His book 'Indica' is a book that depicts the social and political life of the Mauryan period.

Aitchison Commission was a Public Service Commission which was set up in the year 1886. As per the committee recommendation Maximum age of entry in civil service was fixed at 23. Statutory Civil Service should be abolished. Simultaneous examination in England and India should be stopped. Two-tier classification of Civil Service (Covenanted and Uncovenanted) would be replaced by three-tier classification (Imperial, provincial, and subordinate).

The following statement is not true about the nationalist historical writings in the pre-independence India:

'Nationalist historiography before independence dealt with the ancient, medieval and modern, all the three periods of Indian history'.

Important Points

• Nationalist historiography flourished mainly in dealing with the ancient and medieval periods.
• It hardly existed for the modern period and came into being mainly after 1947, no school of nationalist historians of modern India having existed before 1947.
• This was in part because, in the era of nationalism, to be a nationalist was also to be anti-imperialist, which meant confrontation with the ruling, colonial authorities.
• And that was not possible for academics because of colonial control over the educational system.
• It became safe to be anti-imperialist only after 1947.
• Consequently, a history of the national movement or of colonial economy did not exist.
• This is, of course, not a complete explanation of the absence of nationalist historiography before 1947.
• After all, Indian economists did develop a sharp and brilliant critique of the colonial economy of India and its impact on the people.
• Above all, nationalist historical writing contributed to the self-confidence, self-assertion and a certain national pride which enabled Indian people to struggle against colonialism especially in the face of denigration of India’s past and the consequent inferiority complex promoted by colonial writers.
• Nilkanth Shastri and other historians also helped overcome the regional bias – the bias of treating India as coterminous with the Indo-Gangetic plane.

• In this respect, as in many others, nationalist historical writing in India became a major unifying factor so far as the literate Indians were concerned.

Based on the above discussion, we can conclude that the following statement is not true about the nationalist historical writings in the pre-independence India:

'Nationalist historiography before independence dealt with the ancient, medieval and modern, all the three periods of Indian history'.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e All of the above.

• Fatehpur Sikri:
  • The town was founded in 1569 by the great Mughal emperor Akbar.
  • Fatehpur Sikri was a town planned as an administrative unit consisting of public buildings as well as private residences in close proximity.
  • The city of Fatehpur Sikri was founded as a token of gratitude to Sheikh Salim Chisti who had foretold that Akbar would have three sons who would survive after the sad demise of many children in infancy.
  • It is a city predominantly made up of red sand-stone.
  • It is an amalgamation of the Persian, Hindu and Islamic architecture.
  • It is a unique blend of Hindu and Muslim architecture.

Tilak’s League:

• Tilak was unhappy with the ineffective working of INC towards the commitments, and hence, he set up their separate leagues to avoid any friction. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Tilak’s League Tilak set up his Indian Home Rule League in April 1916.
• Tilak held his first Home Rule meeting at Belgaum.
• Poona was the headquarters. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• His league was restricted to Maharashtra (excluding Bombay city), Karnataka, Central Provinces, and Berar.
• It had six branches and their demands were:
  • Swarajya
  • Formation of linguistic states, and
  • Education in the vernacular language.
  • Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• Accordingly, A is correct.

The correct answer is Tamilakam.Key Points

• The passage mentions that Aśoka, after succeeding to the throne of Pātaliputra, rounded off the empire he inherited from his grandfather by annexing Kalinga.
• This implies that Kalinga was part of the Asokan empire.
• However, the passage does not mention Tamilakam as being part of the empire.
• Tamilakam refers to the region of ancient Tamil Nadu in South India, which had its own distinct cultural and political identity during Aśoka's time.

• While Aśoka expanded his empire by annexing various territories, including Kalinga, there is no mention in the passage or any indication that Tamilakam was part of his empire.

​Therefore, based on the information provided in the passage, the correct answer is Tamilakam, as it did not form part of the Asokan empire.

The correct answer is (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii).

Key Points

• There were several republics or ganarajyas in ancient India that were ruled by the elected representatives.
• Of these, Lichchavis were a clan amongst the Vajji mahajanapada of ancient India.
• Vaishali, the capital and homeland of the Lichchavis, was also the capital of the Vajji mahajanapada. It is considered to be world's first republic and is situated in the district with the same name, Vaishali, in the Bihar state of India.
• Similarly, Sakyas were an ethnic group near Himalayan region who were oraganised into a republic with their capital at Kapilvastu. The capital lies near the Indo-Nepal border.
• Koliyas were an ethnic group neighbouring to Sakyas who were organised into Koliya Ganarajya or Koliya republic. Their capital was at Ramagrama. They had matrimonial relations with Sakyas.

• Videhas is referred to the population of Videha Ganarajya or Videha Republic which was a part of the Vajji mahajanapada. Their capital was at Mithila in present-day Bihar.

Hence, the correct matching is:

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3.

Key Points

Dehliwal:

• Delhi first became the capital of a kingdom under the Tomara Rajputs, who were defeated in the middle of the twelfth century by the Chauhans (also referred to as Chahamanas) of Ajmer.
• It was under the Tomaras and Chauhans that Delhi became an important commercial center.
• Many rich Jaina merchants lived in the city and constructed several temples.
• Coins minted here, called dehliwal, had a wide circulation. Hence pair 2 is correctly matched.

Tawarikh:

• Tawarikh is history written by poets and courtiers.
• Although inscriptions, coins and architecture provide a lot of information, especially valuable are “histories”, tarikh (singular) / tawarikh (plural), written in Persian, the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans. Hence pair 1 is correctly matched.
• The authors of tawarikh were learned men: secretaries, administrators, poets and courtiers, who both recounted events and advised rulers on governance, emphasizing the importance of the just rule.

Bandagan:

• The consolidation of a kingdom as vast as the Delhi Sultanate needed reliable governors and administrators.
• Rather than appointing aristocrats and landed chieftains as governors, the early Delhi Sultans, especially Iltutmish, favoured their special slaves purchased for military service, called Bandagan in Persian. Hence pair 3 is correctly matched.
• They were carefully trained to man some of the most important political offices in the kingdom.
• Since they were totally dependent upon their master, the Sultan could trust and rely upon them.

The Bombay Association- was the first political organization in Bombay Presidency.

• It is founded by Jagannath Shankarsheth on 26 August 1852.
• Sir Jamshedji Jejibhai was the first president of the Bombay Association.

Madras Native Association-association was a platform for educated Indians to protest against any injustice on the part of the British.

• This association founded by Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty.
• He was an Indian merchant, Indian independence activist and political activist who established the organisation to agitate for the rights of Indians.
• The association was a platform for educated Indians to protest against any injustice on the part of the British

Poona Sarvajanik Sabha-was established on 2 April 1870 at Poona.

• it was Founded by Mahadev Govind Ranade, S. H. Chiplunkar, Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi and other Indian leaders.
• Mahadev Govind Ranade, an eminent lawyer and scholar from the Bombay Presidency was also a keen social reformer.
• It was a socio-political organisation which started with an aim of working as a mediating body between the government and people of India.

• it was established by S. Ramaswami Mudaliar and P. Anandacharlu in 1884.
• Its first conference was held on December 29, 1884.
• P. Rangaiah Naidu was elected President of the Sabha in 1885.
• The office of the Sabha functioned in the beginning at the office of The Hindu, Ellis Road Junction, Mount Road

The correct answer is (c), (b), (a), (d)

Key Points

• The signs of the decline of the Mughal Empire had started to appear after the death of Aurangzeb yet the Mughal authority was all-powerful from Kashmir up to the far south.
• The later Mughal emperors from Bahadur Shah, to Muhammad Shah, tried to maintain the Mughal authority. The later Mughals adopted a policy of reconciliation compromise and tolerance towards their subjects. They maintained relations with the religious divines of the time and also patronized most of them by granting revenue-free land grants and other concessions.

Additional Information

• Bahadur Shah (also known as Shah Alam-I ) was the seventh Mughal emperor of India, ruled from 1707 until his death in 1712. By the time Bahadur Shah Zafar ascended the throne, the area under the Mughal rule was drastically reduced, as were the emperor’s powers, symbolic and otherwise. He was ultimately known only as the ‘King of Delhi’.
• Jahandar Shah (1712–1713) reign was barely one year. He always took part in non-Muslim religious festivals. On the occasion of the ‘Dussehra’ festival he used to see the burning of the effigy of Rawan, and the festival of ‘Basant’ was regularly celebrated at his court. He also used to compose Hindi poems.
• Farrukhsiyar (1713 to 1719) owed his elevation to the throne to two Sayyid brothers, who were the real power in the state. During his first regnal year, he abolished Jizya. He granted a Farman to the English East India Company granting them duty-free trading rights for Bengal.
• Muḥammad Shah (1719 to 1748) was the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I. He ruled for about 30 years. He was a great patron of art and culture. The art of music developed, and new trends in music were innovated at his court like ‘Khayal’ and ‘Tappa’.

Goswami Tulsidasji was one of the greatest saints of medieval India. He, through the Ramcharitmanas, immortalized his devotion to Lord Ram. He gave such an epic to people, which is perhaps the most popular epic of all times. It has even laid down the ideals for them to guide them through their lives. He spent all his life in promoting and preaching Ram-bhakti. Gitawali, Kavitawali and Vinay Patrika are composed by Tulsidas.