APSET Paper 2 Mock Test - 2 (English) - AP TET MCQ

Ottava rima, Italian stanza form composed of eight 11-syllable lines, rhyming abababcc. It originated in the late 13th and early 14th centuries and was developed by Tuscan poets for religious verse and drama and in troubadour songs.

The correct answer is ‘Alias Grace’.

 Key Points

• Alias Grace is a historical novel based on the true story of Grace Marks, a young Irish immigrant who was convicted of murdering her employer in 1843.
• The novel explores the themes of memory, trauma, and the unreliable nature of history through Grace's fragmented and subjective account of the events leading up to the murder.
• Atwood uses Grace's narrative to question the reliability of historical records and the ways in which history is often written from the perspective of those in power.
• The novel also delves into the complex relationship between truth and fiction, as Grace's story is constantly shifting and evolving, challenging the reader's understanding of what really happened.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 3.’

 Additional Information

• Oryx and Crake: This novel explores the themes of genetic engineering, cloning, and the ethical implications of scientific advancement.
• The Handmaid's Tale: This novel focuses on the themes of female oppression, totalitarian control, and the loss of individual freedom in a dystopian society.
• Hag-Seed: This novel is a modern retelling of Shakespeare's The Tempest, set in a women's prison.

Amy Maud Bodkin was an English classical scholar, writer on mythology, and literary critic. She is best known for her 1934 book Archetypal Patterns in Poetry: Psychological Studies of Imagination.

The correct answer is "The death of his father".

Key Points

• The death of Gogol's father is a pivotal event in Jhumpa Lahiri's novel "The Namesake" that catalyzes Gogol's journey towards self-discovery and acceptance of his cultural identity.
• Gogol's exploration of his identity intensifies as he begins to understand and appreciate the sacrifices and struggles of his immigrant parents, especially the significance of his name, which he has resented for much of his life.
• The loss of his father acts as a turning point, making him more introspective about his place in the world and his connection to his roots, leading him towards a gradual acceptance of his dual identity as an American and a Bengali.
• Lahiri uses the death of Gogol's father to illustrate the complexities of identity and belonging, especially within the context of the immigrant experience, highlighting the challenges of navigating between cultures.
• Gogol's journey is reflective of a larger narrative of second-generation immigrants, who often face a tug-of-war between their ancestral cultures and their personal identities formed in a new land.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Additional Information

• Naming him after the Russian writer Nikolai Gogol has a significant impact on his identity struggle but is not the catalytic event for his journey towards acceptance.
• His marriage to Moushumi and Moving to India for education are important events but do not serve as the primary catalyst for his self-discovery.

The correct answer is "The conflicts are unavoidable and cruel".

Key Points

• The term "brutish" implies a level of savagery and primal violence, indicating the conflicts are not just harsh but inherently cruel.
• "Necessity" suggests an element of inevitability, as if the conflict is something that must occur, regardless of the suffering it causes.
• The combination implies that these conflicts arise from deep-seated, unavoidable reasons, leading to brutal outcomes.
• This phrase sets a tone that reflects the overall theme of the poem, which is the brutal reality of colonial violence and the resulting personal and cultural conflicts.
• The "napkin of a dirty cause" metaphor that follows reinforces the idea that the reasons behind these conflicts are not justifiable or clean; they’re morally compromised and tainted.
• Therefore, this phrase critiques the nature of the conflicts as being born out of base necessity but carried out in barbaric manners, highlighting the poet's abhorrence of the violence associated with colonial and post-colonial struggles.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The correct answer is "Jhumpa Lahiri".

Key Points

• Unaccustomed Earth is a collection of short stories from American author Jhumpa Lahiri. It is her second collection of stories, following Interpreter of Maladies.
• The characters feel alienated within a world of mixed messages, while also grappling with the duties and responsibilities that are culturally foisted upon them. 
• The main characters include Ruma, the central character in the collection’s title story, a Bengali-American woman in her late 30s. She is married to Adam, who is American and white. Together, they have a son named Akash.

Additional Information

• Stephen Edwin King is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, crime, science-fiction, and fantasy novels.
• Louisa May Alcott was an American novelist, short story writer, and poet best known as the author of the novel Little Women and its sequels Little Men and Jo's Boys.

Drilling is a technique that us foreign language learning classrooms. It used to be an important feature of audio-lingual method approaches to language teaching, which emphasized on repeating structural patterns through oral practice.

Drilling means listening to a model, provided by the teacher, or a tape or another student and repeating what is heard. Harmer states that drilling is mechanical ways if getting students to demonstrate and practice their ability to use specific language items in a controlled manner. Also, comprehension of the item by the learners is not required in Drilling.

The correct answer is 'Macbeth'.

Key Points

• William Shakespeare wrote the tragedy Macbeth.
• It is believed to have first been performed in 1606.
• The Three Witches are characters in William Shakespeare's play Macbeth. They are also known as the Weird Sisters or Wayward Sisters. The witches eventually bring Macbeth down, and they bear an uncanny resemblance to the three Fates of classical mythology. Their roots can be traced back to Holinshed's Chronicles (1587), a chronicle of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
• A courageous Scottish general named Macbeth is prophesied by a trio of witches or also called weird sisters that he will one day become King of Scotland. Macbeth, consumed by ambition and propelled to action by his wife, murders King Duncan and seizes the Scottish throne for himself.

Therefore, the correct option is 'Option 4'.

Additional Information

• The Tempest is a play by William Shakespeare that was presumably written in 1610-1611 and is regarded to be one of his final plays written alone.
• William Shakespeare wrote the tragedy Coriolanus between 1605 and 1608. The play is based on the life of Caius Marcius Coriolanus, the renowned Roman leader.
• William Shakespeare wrote the tragedy The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. With 29,551 words, it is Shakespeare's longest play. The play is set in Denmark and follows Prince Hamlet's attempts to wreak revenge on his uncle, Claudius, who murdered Hamlet's father in order to steal the kingdom and marry Hamlet's mother.

Act II, Sc. 7

The correct answer is ‘A, B, C, D, E.’

 Key Points

• Renaissance (A) emerged in the 16th and 17th centuries.
• Neoclassicism (B) emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries.
• Romanticism (C) emerged in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
• Victorianism (D) emerged in the 19th century.
• Modernism (E) emerged in the early 20th century.
• These major movements in English literature reflect the changing cultural, intellectual, and social values of their time.
• They are characterized by distinct literary styles, themes, and preoccupations.
• These movements have had a profound impact on the development of English literature.

The correct answer is 'They show how new languages are born from contact between different linguistic communities.'

Key Points

• Language Contact: Pidgin and creole languages arise in situations where speakers of different languages need to communicate, such as in trade, colonization, or migration scenarios, offering insights into language mixing and evolution.
• Creolization Process: The process of creole language formation from a pidgin stage provides a clear example of how new languages can develop, showcasing linguistic innovation and adaptation.
• Sociolinguistic Dynamics: The study of pidgins and creoles highlights the sociolinguistic dynamics involved in language evolution, including power relations, identity, and community.
• Linguistic Complexity: Despite common misconceptions, creole languages can develop complex grammatical structures, challenging assumptions about linguistic simplicity and evolution.
• Language Universals: The comparison of pidgins and creoles across different linguistic environments can provide insights into universal aspects of language structure and development.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Additional Information

• Option 1: Pidgin and creole languages do not represent regression; instead, they embody language evolution and innovation.
• Option 3: They are not simply "simpler forms" of ancient languages but unique linguistic systems that have evolved from the contact between multiple languages.
• Option 4: Rather than failed attempts, pidgin and creole languages are successful and functional linguistic systems that fulfill the communication needs of their communities.

The correct answer is 'Spiritual rebirth'

Key Points

• In 'Sailing to Byzantium', the speaker, presumably an older person, seeks a spiritual rebirth in the ancient city of Byzantium.
• Byzantium represents a place of timeless art and spiritual depth, where the physical limitations of age and mortality can be transcended.
• The speaker wishes to cast off the physical constraints of his 'dying animal' body and become a part of the timeless, spiritual world represented by Byzantium.
• Yeats uses Byzantium as a metaphor for a realm where the soul exists beyond the bodily existence, suggesting the desire for a transformation that is spiritual in nature.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is '(i), (ii), and (iii)'.

Key Points

• Sylvia Plath is known for her vivid and disturbing poetry, which explores themes of death, self, and redemption. Her posthumously published collection, "Ariel," is a cornerstone of confessional poetry.
• Robert Lowell is often considered the founder of the confessional poetry movement with his 1959 book "Life Studies." His work marked a shift in his style and a focus on personal experiences and struggles.
• Anne Sexton, a student of Lowell, is renowned for her highly personal and emotional poetry that delves into intimate aspects of her life, including her battles with depression and thoughts of suicide.
• Confessional poetry is characterized by its focus on deeply personal themes and experiences, often touching on topics like mental illness, sexuality, and family life in a way that was revolutionary at the time.
• W. H. Auden, listed in Option 4, is a significant 20th-century poet but is not typically categorized within the confessional poetry movement. His work spans a variety of themes and styles, distinguishing him from the specific focus of confessional poets.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Additional Information

• Options 1 and 2 do include major confessional poets but fail to recognize all three key figures, Sylvia Plath, Robert Lowell, and Anne Sexton, together as part of the movement.
• Option 4 incorrectly includes W. H. Auden as part of the movement, showcasing a misunderstanding of his contributions to poetry and his thematic focus compared to the personal and introspective nature of confessional poetry.

The correct answer is "It represents the gap between people's ideals or intentions and their actions or outcomes."

Key Points

• The "Shadow" can be seen as a symbolic obstruction that falls between the ideal ("the idea") and the actual ("the reality"), preventing one from becoming the other.
• This line reflects a common theme in Eliot's work: the failure of language and action to capture or express true meaning.
• It could also represent the internal hollowness or emptiness that separates what the hollow men intend to do and what they actually achieve.
• This understanding is based on the overall theme and context of the poem.

Jacques Marie Émile Lacan was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist who has been called "the most controversial psycho-analyst since Freud". Giving yearly seminars in Paris from 1953 to 1981, Lacan influenced many leading French intellectuals in the 1960s and the 1970s, especially those associated with post-structuralism. His ideas had a significant impact on post-structuralism, critical theory, linguistics, 20th-century French philosophy, film theory, and clinical psychoanalysis.

The correct answer is "a - II, b - I, c - IV, d - III".

Key Points

• Sir John Falstaff is a character in William Shakespeare's play "The Merry Wives of Windsor". Two housewives, Mistress Ford and Mistress Page are pursued by a big, dishonourable Sir John Falstaff, but they outsmart and humiliate him in the process.
• Shakespeare's Macbeth has a fictional figure named King Duncan. He is the father of two young sons and the victim of his dependable commander Macbeth's well-planned regicide in an attempt to seize power.
• In Shakespeare's play Cymbeline, King Cymbeline's daughter is named Imogen.
  • William Hazlitt referred to her as "probably the most sensitive and the most artless" of all the women in Shakespeare's plays.
• One of the conspirators in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar was the Roman commander Marcus Brutus. Despite being a man of honour and a friend of Caesar, Brutus participates in the plot to assassinate him by persuading himself that Caesar's demise is in the best interests of Rome.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'Holiness.'

Key Points

• Redcrosse is the protagonist of the first book of "The Faerie Queene", which is dedicated to the virtue of holiness. As such, he represents the ideal Christian knight, embodying the spiritual journey towards holiness.
• Throughout Book I, Redcrosse encounters various trials and tribulations that test his faith and virtue, reflecting the Christian narrative of fall and redemption.
• His journey includes battling dragons and facing deceit, embodying the struggle between good and evil that is central to the Christian spiritual journey.
• Redcrosse's association with St. George, the patron saint of England, further emphasizes his role as a symbol of holiness and the Christian fight against evil.
• His eventual victory over the dragon and reunion with Una symbolize the triumph of true faith and the attainment of spiritual grace.
• This book is allegorical, with characters and events representing moral and religious virtues and vices, and Redcrosse's quest for holiness is central to its moral and spiritual teachings.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Additional Information

• Option 1, chastity, is the central virtue of Book III, focused on Britomart, a female knight.
• Option 2, justice, is represented by Artegall in Book V of "The Faerie Queene".
• Option 4, temperance, is the focus of Book II and is represented by Sir Guyon.

1 and  3 are correct.

The correct answer is ‘C, D, B, A.’

Key Points

• The Book of the Duchess (C): This is Chaucer's first major work, believed to have been written in the latter part of the 1360s. It is an elegy for Blanche of Lancaster, John of Gaunt's first wife.
• The Parliament of Fowls (D): Thought to have been composed in the early 1380s, this poem delves into themes of love and is often read as a Valentine's Day poem, suggesting its placement after "The Book of the Duchess."
• Troilus and Criseyde (B): This work, crafted in the mid-1380s, is a long poem retelling the tragic love story of Troilus and Criseyde set against the backdrop of the Trojan War. It predates "The Canterbury Tales."
• The Canterbury Tales (A): Begun around 1387 but never completed, this collection of stories told by pilgrims on their way to Canterbury is Chaucer's most famous work and is considered a cornerstone of English literature.
• This chronological order reflects Chaucer's development as a writer, moving from courtly love poems to more complex narratives and finally to the rich tapestry of tales for which he is most celebrated.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Additional Information

• The chronological order reflects the evolution of Chaucer's style from elegiac and romantic works to his most ambitious project, "The Canterbury Tales," that showcases an array of characters and societal themes.
• This progression illustrates Chaucer's development as a writer and his experiment with various genres and storytelling techniques.

The correct answer is "Boethius".

Key Points

• Boethius, also known as Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, was a Roman senator, consul, magister officiorum, historian, and philosopher of the Early Middle Ages.
• Geoffrey Chaucer was a poet, author, and government servant best remembered for his work The Canterbury Tales.
  • He has been referred to as the "Father of English Literature" or the "Father of English Poetry".
  • He was the first writer to be buried in what is now known as Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.
• Geoffrey Chaucer translated Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy into Middle English.
  • The original text, written in Latin, emphasizes the relevance of philosophy in everyday life and was a prominent work of philosophy during the Middle Ages.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• Homer was a Greek poet who wrote The Iliad and The Odyssey, two epic poems that are considered foundational classics of ancient Greek literature. Homer is regarded as one of history's most respected and influential authors.
• Quintus Horatius Flaccus, better known as Horace in the English-speaking world, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the reign of Augustus.
• Publius Vergilius Maro, sometimes known as Virgil or Vergil in English, was an Augustan-era Roman poet. He wrote three of Latin literature's most famous poems: the Eclogues, the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid.

"Ode to a Nightingale" is a poem by John Keats written either in the garden of the Spaniards Inn, Hampstead, London or, according to Keats' friend Charles Armitage Brown, under a plum tree in the garden of Keats' house at Wentworth Place, also in Hampstead. According to Brown, a nightingale had built its nest near the house Keats and Brown shared in the spring of 1819. Inspired by the bird's song, Keats composed the poem in one day.

"To a Skylark" is a poem completed by Percy Bysshe Shelley in late June 1820 and published accompanying his lyrical drama Prometheus Unbound by Charles and James Collier in London.

Gerard Manley Hopkins  (28 July 1844 – 8 June 1889) was an English poet and Jesuit priest, whose posthumous fame established him among the leading Victorian poets. His manipulation of prosody (particularly his concept of sprung rhythm and use of imagery) established him as an innovative writer of verse. Two of his major themes were nature and religion. Falcon is written by G. H. Hopkins.

There is a poem by Ted Hughes called Hawk Roosting. Hughes included this poem in his second book of poetry called Lupercal, which was published in 1960. Hughes was met with almost instant acclaim in 1957 after his first book of poetry, Hawk in the Rain, was published; it catapulted Hughes into the spotlight. Hughes was born in England in 1930; he received his formal education at Cambridge, and he even served in the Royal Air Force. Hughes married American poet Sylvia Plath in 1956. Hughes and Plath had two children, but the majority of their marriage was rocky and unstable. Plath ended her life in 1963. Hughes served as Poet Laureate from 1984 until his death of cancer in 1998. Birthday Letters, the last book of poetry published before his death, explored the complex relationship he shared with Plath.

The correct answer is ‘Candida.’

 Key Points

• Candida is a play by G.B. Shaw, that explores the conflict between idealism and realism through the story of a young woman named Candida who is torn between her love for her husband, the idealistic poet Eugene Marchbanks, and her attraction to the pragmatic clergyman, Reverend James Morell.
• Candida is a strong and independent woman who is not afraid to challenge social conventions.
• She ultimately chooses to stay with her husband, but she also makes it clear that she will not give up her own independence.
• Candida is a complex and challenging play that explores the nature of love, marriage, and the role of women in society.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 1.’

 Additional Information

• The Philanderer: This play explores the themes of love, marriage, and the role of women in society.
• Mrs. Warren's Profession: This play explores the themes of prostitution, morality, and the double standards that society applies to men and women.
• You Never Can Tell: This play is a comedy that explores the themes of love, marriage, and the importance of family.

The correct answer is "The Tempest".

Key Points

• The title of Aldous Huxley's novel Brave New World derives from Miranda's speech in William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Act V, Scene I.
• Miranda speaks the following lines:

               "O wonder! How many goodly creatures are there here!

                 How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world, "

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• One of Shakespeare's best plays, Macbeth depicts a man's conscience and the psychological impact of guilt. Macbeth is a violent and brutal play that examines the natural order, reality and illusion, witchcraft and the paranormal, ambition and kingship, light and life, darkness and death, and witchcraft.
• Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet, also known as The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, was written between 1599 and 1601.
• William Shakespeare wrote the tragedy King Lear. It is based on Britain's mythical Leir. After the English Restoration, the play was frequently rewritten for audiences who despised its dark and depressing tone.

The correct answer is 'Middle English'.

Key Points

• The Norman Conquest in 1066 marked the beginning of the Middle English period, which lasted until the late 15th century.
• This era saw a substantial influx of Norman French into the English lexicon, significantly impacting the vocabulary, grammar, and syntax of the English language.
• Middle English literature includes Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales," exemplifying the linguistic diversity and evolution of English during this period.
• The dominance of French in the court and among the nobility meant that English was influenced not just lexically but also in its social and cultural contexts, leading to a hierarchy of language that reflected class distinction.
• The Middle English period also witnessed the gradual re-establishment of English as the language of law, administration, and literature after centuries of Norman rule.
• Spelling and pronunciation began to diverge significantly from Old English, as seen in the transition from the Anglo-Saxon runic alphabets to a more French-influenced Latin alphabet.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (Old English) refers to the earliest form of the English language, which was spoken and written in parts of what are now England and southern Scotland between the 5th and 11th centuries.
• Option 3 (Early Modern English) is identified with the English Renaissance and the time of William Shakespeare, ranging roughly from the late 15th century to the mid-to-late 17th century.
• Option 4 (Contemporary English) covers the period from the late 20th century to the present, characterized by a significant influence of technology, globalization, and the internet on the language.

The correct answer is ‘Major Barbara.’

 Key Points

• Major Barbara is a play by G.B. Shaw, that features a character named Andrew Undershaft, a wealthy arms manufacturer who believes that war is a necessary evil.
• Undershaft's daughter, Barbara, is a major in the Salvation Army, and she is horrified by her father's beliefs.
• The play explores the themes of poverty, salvation, and the role of the church in society.
• Barbara eventually comes to understand her father's point of view, but she also remains committed to her own beliefs.
• Major Barbara is a complex and challenging play that explores the nature of good and evil, and the role of individuals in society.

Therefore, the correct option is ‘Option 1.’

 Additional Information

• Heartbreak House: This play explores the themes of love, war, and the decline of the British upper class.
• Back to Methuselah: This play is a philosophical drama that explores the themes of evolution, mortality, and the meaning of life.
• The Apple Cart: This play is a political satire that explores the themes of democracy, monarchy, and the role of the individual in society.

The correct answer is 'is easy to read and understand'.

 Key Points

• Barthes uses the term "readerly text" to describe a text that is easy to read and understand.
• Readerly texts offer a single, unambiguous meaning and do not require the reader to work hard to interpret them.
• Readerly texts are designed to appeal to a wide audience and to provide a pleasurable reading experience.
• They do not challenge the reader's assumptions or beliefs, and they do not require the reader to think critically about the text.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Additional Information

• Option 2 is incorrect because readerly texts offer a single, but do not offer ambiguous meaning. 
• Option 3 is incorrect because readerly texts do not encourage the reader to engage with the text on a personal level.
• Option 4 is incorrect because readerly texts do not challenge the reader to think critically about the text.

The correct answer is Charles Francis Hockett.

Key Points

• Charles Francis Hockett (January 17, 1916 – November 3, 2000) was an American linguist who developed many influential ideas in American structuralist linguistics.
• Human language has a duality of structure, it has words and sounds.
• Human language is arbitrary. That means human language has no natural connection between encoded signs and its meaning.
• Human languages are creative, it is an open-ended systems.
• Human language is productive, meaning infinite structures of sentences can be made.
• Displacement is possible in human language, for example, you can talk about something that happened in past in the present.
• Human language is culturally transmitted, hence can be studied by any human being.
• They are dynamic and modifiable. That means human communication can change over time.
• Prevarication or lying is possible in human language.
• Specialisation is possible in human language. 

Therefore the correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• ​Animal Communication is an example of another kind of communication different from human communication.

Six Characters in Search of an Author is a play in Italian by first performed in the year 1921. It is an absurd play about the relationship between writers, and their characters and also with theatre professionals.

These lines are spoken by the Father who most ardently insists on the staging of the Characters’ drama and also laid stress on the “reality” of the Characters and addressed to the stage Manager another authorial figure of the play along with the Father.

The Father tries to convince him toward the reality of the character drama and the relations between the Characters and Actors.

The correct answer is 'The harm principle'.

Key Points

• John Stuart Mill's philosophy, particularly as outlined in his seminal work "On Liberty," is fundamentally associated with the harm principle. This principle asserts that the only justification for exercising power over any member of a civilized community, against their will, is to prevent harm to others.
• Mill argues for the importance of individuality and freedom of expression, insisting that freedom should only be limited to prevent harm to others, thus promoting societal progress through the free exchange of ideas.
• This concept reflects Mill's utilitarian ethics, aiming at the greatest happiness for the greatest number, by suggesting that protecting individuals' freedom to pursue their own good, in their own way, is essential to maximizing overall happiness.
• The harm principle is crucial for understanding Mill's arguments for free speech and against censorship. He believed that allowing diverse opinions and expressions, even those considered wrong or harmful by the majority, contributes to the pursuit of truth and the betterment of society.
• Through this principle, Mill advocates for minimal interference of government in the lives of individuals, except where directly necessary to prevent harm to others, emphasizing the value of personal autonomy and the dangers of overreaching authority.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 3.’

Additional Information

• The divine right of kings and the categorical imperative are not concepts associated with Mill's philosophy; they belong to monarchical theory and Immanuel Kant's philosophy, respectively.
• While the social contract is a significant concept in political philosophy, it is more closely associated with philosophers like Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Thomas Hobbes than with Mill's work on liberty

The correct answer is ‘The discovery of her forged signature.’

 Key Points

• Nora's forgery of her father's signature on a loan document is discovered by Krogstad, a moneylender.
• Krogstad threatens to expose Nora's crime unless she convinces her husband to give him a promotion at the bank.
• Nora is terrified of the consequences of her actions and realizes that she has been living a lie.
• She is forced to confront the reality of her situation and make a life-altering decision in order to protect herself and her family.
• The discovery of the forged signature is the catalyst for Nora's awakening and her eventual decision to leave her husband and start a new life.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 3.’

 Additional Information

• The arrival of Dr. Rank: Dr. Rank's arrival forces Nora to confront the reality of her own mortality and the fragility of her marriage.
• The return of Kristine Linde: Kristine's return helps Nora to see the truth about her marriage and her own unhappiness.
• The threat of foreclosure on her home: The threat of foreclosure is a financial crisis that forces Nora to take action to save her family.