TS SET Paper 2 Mock Test - 4 (Political Science) - TS TET MCQ

Works of Isaiah Berlin in chronological order of his publications is - 
Karl Marx : His Life and Environment
Four Essays on Liberty
Vico and Herder : Two Studies in the History of Ideas
Concepts and Categories : Philosophical Essays

Both Assertion- For Fukuyama, liberal democracy may constitute the end point of mankind's ideological evolution and Reason- The earlier forms of government were characterised by grave defects and irrationalities that led to their eventual collapse are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

The correct sequence of the input functions is - 
Political socialization and recruitment
Interest articulation
Interest aggregation
Political communication

(a) Both the Vice-Presidents are elected for a fixed term.
(b) They are the presiding officers of the upper house.
(d) They have a casting vote in case of a tie.

G.H. Sabine said; "Aristotle's new general science of politics was not only empirical and descriptive but even in some respects independent of any ethical purpose, since a statesman might need to be expert in governing even a bad state."

Integral Education was given by Sri Aurobindo. It was based on the belief that the education of a human being should begin at birth and continue throughout his life. Also, he strongly believed that education to be complete must have five principal aspects, the physical, the vital, the mental, the psychic, and the spiritual.

• An Integral Approach to education means that we include multiple perspectives. 
• It seeks to understand the subjective experience of others and to find value in them.
• It gives an effective tool to transform ourselves, serve others, and create a multidimensional curriculum.
• Integral education attempts to discover how the many partial truths of educational philosophies and methods inform and complement each other in a coherent way.
• His concept of true education is integral education, which concerns five principal 'activities of the human being: the physical, the vital, the mental, the psychic, and the spiritual.
• Such a scheme of education not only helps the evolution of an individual but also helps the evolution of the nation and finally humanity.
• Based on his philosophy of education, he advocated three cardinal principles of education, which govern the process of education. There are:
  • Nothing can be taught or improved from outside. According to the Mother, "Fundamentally the only thing you must do assiduously is to teach them to know themselves, and to choose their own destiny, the way they want to follow".
  • The mind has to be consulted in its growth. The aim of education is to help the growing soul draw out its best.
  • The educational process must emphasize "from near to the far, from that is to that which shall be". 

The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judicative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases.

• The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets, defends, and applies the law in the name of the state.
• The judiciary can also be thought of as the mechanism for the resolution of disputes.

• The "Sublime Savage" trope, found in colonial literature, depicted indigenous peoples as inherently uncivilized and incapable of achieving the level of advancement present in European societies.
• This portrayal was used to justify colonization by asserting that colonizers were bringing progress to supposedly "backward" societies. 
• By portraying indigenous communities as uncivilized and primitive, the "Sublime Savage" trope presented colonialism as a necessary civilizing force to develop and modernize native populations. 
• Their supposed backwardness and ignorance justified European conquest and domination as an altruistic mission. 
• This ideological representation ignored indigenous cultural sophistication and enabled violent colonization by making it seem morally correct and inevitable for Europe to "uplift" savage societies. 
• The trope thus rationalized imperial expansion through racist assumptions about colonized peoples.

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3.

• India on 14 May 2022 banned wheat exports in an effort to protect its domestic supply, a move that drew the criticism of the U.S. and its fellow G7 member countries, says U.S. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack.

The correct answer is Functionalists. 

• A person who sees the relationship between the various strata in a stratified society as one of cooperation and interdependence would likely subscribe to the functionalist perspective in sociology.
• Functionalist theorists believe that social structures, including stratification, serve a purpose in maintaining social order and stability.
• They argue that each social stratum or class has a specific function to perform in society and that these functions are interdependent and require cooperation among members of different strata.
• Therefore, a functionalist would be more likely to see the relationship between different strata in a stratified society as one of cooperation and interdependence, as opposed to conflict or exploitation.

The correct answer is option A, i.e, France.

• Appointment of Ad-hoc judges in the Supreme court is driven by the judicial system of France.
• Article 127 provides for the appointment of an ad-hoc judge in the Supreme Court.
• Ad-hoc judges can be appointed in the Supreme Court by Chief Justice of India.
• It is the duty of the judge as appointed to attend the sittings of the Supreme Court in priority to other duties of his duties.
• When there is a lack of quorum of the permanent judges to hold or continue any session of the Supreme Court.

The Judges of the ICJ are elected by the Security Council and the General Assembly.

The correct answer is Michael Bilig.

• Banal nationalism refers to the everyday representations of the nation which build a shared sense of national belonging amongst humans, a sense of tribalism through national identity.
• The term is derived from English academic, Michael Billig's 1995 book of the same name and is intended to be understood critically.

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3.

• New Public Administration 
  • It is an anti-positivist, anti-technical, and anti-hierarchical reaction against traditional public administration. A practiced theory in response to the ever-changing needs of the public and how institutions and administrations go about solving them.
  • The focus is on the role of government and how it can provide these services to citizens who are a part of the public interest, through, but not limited to, public policy.
  • New Public Administration traces its origins to the first Minnowbrook Conference held in 1968 under the patronage of Dwight Waldo. 
• New Public Administration theory deals with the following issues:
• Democratic citizenship; Refers directly to the belief in creating a government where the "common man" has a voice in politics. For such an approach to work, citizens must become aware, knowledgeable, and active in their communities and nations. True democratic citizenship requires more than voting for representatives. It requires using one's own mind, voice, and actions.
• Public interest; Refers to the collective common good within society, which is the main objective of public interest.
• Public policy; How new public policy is enacted and introduced. Not limited to the participation of the public but encouraged involvement.
• Services to citizens; Providing and upholding the moral and ethical standard in regards to meeting the needs of citizens through institutions and bureaucracies.
• First, a ‘new’ theory should start with the idea of democratic citizenship. The public service derives its true meaning from its mandate to serve citizens to advance the public good. This is the raison d’être of the institution, the source of motivation and pride of all those who choose to make it their life, whether for a season or an entire career.​

"An elevation of text and language as the fundamental phenomena of existence."

• This is one of the primary tenets of post-modernism.
• Post-modernism elevates text and language as the fundamental phenomena of existence, rather than material reality or objective truth.
• This is because post-modernism sees reality as constructed through language and discourse, and therefore language becomes the primary means of understanding and interpreting reality.

"The application of literary analysis to all phenomena."

• This is also one of the primary tenets of post-modernism.
• Post-modernism sees all phenomena as texts, and therefore subject to literary analysis.
• This includes not only literary texts, but also cultural artifacts, social structures, and even the natural world.
• Post-modernism approaches these phenomena through a critical lens, analyzing the language and discourse used to describe and construct them.

"A favour to meta-narratives."

• This statement is false.
• In fact, post-modernism is known for its rejection of meta-narratives or grand narratives that claim to explain the world in its entirety.
• Post-modernism sees these narratives as oppressive and limiting, because they impose a singular perspective on reality and exclude other voices and perspectives.

"A questioning of reality and representation."

• This is also one of the primary tenets of post-modernism.
• Post-modernism questions the idea of a stable, objective reality that exists independently of language and discourse.
• Instead, post-modernism sees reality as constructed through language and discourse, and therefore subject to interpretation and re-interpretation.
• Post-modernism also questions the ability of representation to accurately reflect reality, and instead sees representation as always already mediated by language and discourse.

In summary, the correct answer is 1, 2 and 4 are the primary tenets of post-modernism, while statement 3 is false.

It should devote attention both to the government and opposition viewpoint

Actual Executive Head as President of the government:not a member of the legislature
A presidential system is a democratic and republican system of government where a head of government leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch. This head of government is in most cases also the head of state, which is called president.
In presidential countries, the executive is elected and is not responsible to the legislature, which cannot in normal circumstances dismiss it. Such dismissal is possible, however, in uncommon cases, often through impeachment.

The study "Rise of the Plebeians? The Changing Face of Indian Legislative Assemblies" edited by Christophe Jaffrolot and Sanjay Kumar (2009) focuses on the changing profiles of people's representatives in Indian legislative assemblies. One of the key aspects discussed in the study is the transformation in the caste composition of these representatives. 

The correct answer is Caste identities.

The correct answer is South Africa.

The concept of sovereignty in its fullness is a very modern phenomenon, whose emergence can be traced back no deeper than into the early modern period , but which, nevertheless, remains with us almost intact even today – still being necessarily thought of as ‘absolute and indivisible’.

The correct answer is Simon.

• Herbert A Simon has defined Public Administration as "the activities of the executive branches of the national, state, and local government".
• Herbert Simon was born in 1916 in Wisconsin, USA.
• Simon is the only scholar of public administration who has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1960 for his work on decision-making theory.
• He considered administration to be the art of functioning.
• He considered it as an art that instructs, coordinates, and ultimately affects the behavior of human beings in the organization.

Shuddi Movement was started by Arya Samaj to bring back the people to Hinduism who had converted to Islam and Christianity. Swami Dayanand Saraswati played a significant role in this movement. The contribution of V.D Savarkar to Shuddi Movement is that of a philosopher, worker, leader, and leader of leaders. He was not against voluntary acceptance of any religion but was against unethical methods of conversion.
Thus, option C is correct.

Finer said that 'parties are the power behind the throne': Professor Samuel Edward Finer was a political scientist and historian who was instrumental in advancing political studies as an academic subject in the United Kingdom, pioneering the study of UK political institutions.

Assertion (A): The relation between a generalist and a specialist is one of a senior and a subordinate.
Reason (R): A specialist is required to assist the generalist in the formulation and implementation of public policy.
(A) is wrong, but (R) is true.

The correct answer is A, B and D only. 

• The term Secular was added to the preamble by the 42nd amendment.
• Secularism was a part of the basic structure of the Constitution.

Arkal Govind Raj Rao vs. Ciba Geigy of India

• The legislation for the upliftment of the interests of labor, technically ‘Workmen’ and for the resolution of Industrial Disputes before the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 was the Trade Disputes Act, 1929.
• It was removed because of the loopholes it had and its failure to reach the objective desired subsequently leading it to be amended and the new Act Industrial Disputes Act came into the picture.
• The foundation of the jurisdiction under the Act is the determination of the fact whether an employee is a ‘Workman’ as per the meaning mentioned in the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.
• While deciding the case, the Supreme Court held that "the basic duties of the worker should be considered first and the additional duties will have no bearing on the nature of the character of the person".

De'Gournay coined the term bureaucracy.

• In a parliamentary democracy, bureaucracy provides stability in an often unstable polity.
• Members of Parliament have limited time to deal with administrative matters.
• Bureaucrats must also be very disciplined and follow the regulations in order to protect ethical ideals.
• Bureaucracy's contribution to governmental administration is not minor. 
• It has made administration more efficient, rational, impartial, and consistent.
• Herbert Morrison said, "Bureaucracy is the price of parliamentary democracy."
• Morrison said this to highlight the merit of bureaucracy. 

​Thus, Herbert Morrison said, "Bureaucracy is the price of parliamentary democracy".

The correct answer is The inner-possession of an individual or group.

•  L.D. White says, A high morale is essentially joined, ”with a belief in the importance and value of the work that each individual performs.” Training will help the public servant to understand the purpose of his work and organization and to view its significance in the larger context of the well-being of society.
• Moral means to well-based standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms of duties, principles, specific virtues, or benefits to society.

The correct answer is Fred W. Riggs.
Political scientist Fred W. Riggs made significant contributions to public administration, particularly with his Riggsian Model.