TS SET Paper 2 Mock Test - 5 (Political Science) - TS TET MCQ

Both Assertion- Some departments are concerned not only with purely administrative work but some authority to make rules and regulations is also delegated to them by the legislature and Reason- John M Pfiffner prefers single head of the department under certain circumstances are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Works of Amartya Sen in chronological order of his publications is - 
Choice, Welfare and Measurement
Inequality Re-examined
Development as Freedom
Idea of Justice

The term 'legitimation crisis', in terms of erosion of confidence in public institutions resulting in coercive apparatus of states, was developed by Habermas. 

In politics and government, a spoils system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government civil service jobs to its supporters, friends, and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party. 

The following points explain why option A is the correct answer:

•  In the USA, the government is strictly prohibited from interfering in religious matters, and there is a clear separation of church and state.
• On the other hand, in India, the government has the power to regulate religious institutions and can interfere in their affairs if deemed necessary.
• In the USA, religious establishments are given more autonomy and are free to operate independently.
• In contrast, in India, religious institutions are subject to government regulations and control, and their autonomy is limited.
•  In the USA, there is no official state religion, and all religions are recognized equally. 

• The suspension of rights except under article 19 needs presidential order for their suspension, thus not all the rights suspend automatically, hence statement 1 is incorrect.
• The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 restricted the scope of Article 359 in two ways. Firstly, the President cannot suspend the right to move the Court for the enforcement of fundamental rights guaranteed by Articles 20 to 21. Hence statement B is correct.

World Economic Forum is a non-profit organization which was founded in January 1971 and is headquartered in Cologny-Geneva, Switzerland. It was formed with an initiative to improve the states of the world and was formerly known as the European Management Forum.Hence, Statement 1 is correct.

The WEF Forum engages the foremost political, business, cultural and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas. It strives to demonstrate entrepreneurship in the global public interest while upholding the highest standards of governance and supports Public-Private Cooperation. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.

The correct answer is International Monetary Fund.

• The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are the Bretton Woods Institutions.
• They were established in July 1944 at a gathering of 43 nations in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in the United States.
• Their aims were to help rebuild the shattered postwar economy and to promote international economic cooperation.
• Plans for an International Trade Organization (ITO) were also part of the original Bretton Woods agreement, but they were shelved until the World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in the early 1990s.
• The creation of the World Bank and the IMF came at the end of the Second World War.
• They were based on the theories of three important experts: British economist John Maynard Keynes, US Treasury Secretary Harry Dexter White, and US Treasury Secretary Henry Morganthau.
• They wanted to establish a postwar economic order based on notions of consensual decision-making and cooperation in the realm of trade and economic relations.

Voltaire said about the Holy Roman Empire that "it is neither Holy nor Roman nor Empire".

• The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.
• From the accession of Otto I in 962 until the twelfth century, the Empire was the most powerful monarchy in Europe.
• Voltaire was once asked what he thought about the Holy Roman Empire.
• His witty response was that "it is neither holy, nor Roman nor empire".
• François-Marie d’Arouet (1694–1778), better known by his pen name Voltaire, was a French writer and public activist who played a singular role in defining the eighteenth-century movement called the Enlightenment. 

Thus, we can conclude that Voltaire said about the Holy Roman Empire that "it is neither Holy nor Roman nor Empire".

Freedom of propagation of ideas, freedom of circulation one's ideas and freedom of publish one's ideas fall under the purview of freedom of speech and expression.

The legislature in a democratic country can influence public opinion by focusing public attention on various problems facing the country during the course of parliamentary debates.

Marxist critics of liberalism might endorse answers b, c, and d, but to do so is grossly to distort the motivation of most advocates of liberal ideology.

A State becomes a member of the United Nations when General Assembly admits it after recommendation of the Security Council.

In 1887, Woodrow Wilson is credited for establishing public administration as an autonomous and distinct field of study.

• It is necessary to research the discipline's evolution in order to comprehend its current status as a field of inquiry.
• The development of Public Administration as an academic field can be discussed through the following five successive phases:
  • Phase I: The Politics/Administration Dichotomy (1887-1926)
  • Phase II: The Principles of Administration (1927-1937) 
  • Phase III: Criticism and Challenges (1938-1950) 
  • Phase IV: Crisis of Identity (1950-1970)
  • Phase V:  Public Administration as an Independent Discipline (1970 Onwards)

Thus, Politics-Administration Dichotomy⇒ Principles of Administration Era of Challenge⇒  Crisis of Identity⇒ Public Policy Perspective are in ascending order as evolutionary Phases of Public Administration.

The correct answer is  Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Assertion (A): E-Governance is important for good governance in Higher Educational Institutions.

• This statement is true.
• E-governance refers to the use of information and communication technologies to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of government processes and services.
• In the context of higher education institutions, e-governance can improve administrative processes, increase transparency, and provide better access to information and services for students, faculty, and staff.
• Therefore, e-governance is important for good governance in higher educational institutions.

Reason (R): E-Governance is responsive, transparent, and subjective.

• This statement is also true and provides a correct explanation of the assertion.
• E-governance is responsive in the sense that it enables quick and efficient responses to queries, complaints, and feedback from stakeholders.
• It is transparent because it promotes openness and accountability in decision-making and service delivery.
• Finally, it is subjective in the sense that it is customized to meet the specific needs and preferences of users.
• All these features of e-governance contribute to good governance in higher educational institutions.

Therefore, the correct answer is  Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Swami Dayananda Saraswati was against the caste system in India and believed that idolatry, untouchability and caste system were against the values enshrined in the Vedas.

• He wanted to establish a caste free society. Hence, statement 1 is wrong.
• After the completion of his education, his mission was to spread the true Hindu culture and Religion, for which he relied solely on the Vedas.
• He thus founded the “Arya Samaj” at Bombay on 10th April, 1875.
• Accepting Vedas as the absolute truth, he propounded ‘Back to the Vedas’ as his strategy for Hindu Revivalism.
• He opposed child marriage and polygamy, and had faith in female education.
• Using his robust “Vedic Counterpart”, he challenged the masculine West.

Critical Rationalism:

• “Critical Rationalism” is the name Karl Popper (1902-1994) gave to modest and self-critical rationalism.
• He contrasted this view with “uncritical or comprehensive rationalism,”
• He received justificationist view that only what can be proved by reason and/or experience should be accepted.
• Popper argued that comprehensive rationalism cannot explain how proof is possible and that it leads to inconsistencies.
• Critical rationalism today is the project of extending Popper’s approach to all areas of thought and action.
• In each field, the central task of critical rationalism is to replace allegedly justificatory methods with critical ones.

You cannot understand the difference between these two words without paying attention to their usage. The main difference between Ability and Capability is that ability is the skill to do something whereas capability is the extent of ability.

World's lengthiest written constitution had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules at the time of commencement. Now Constitution of India has 448 articles in 25 parts and 12 schedules. There are 101 amendments have been made in the Indian constitution uptp 2016.

The Regulating Act, 1773 will be remembered in Indian history as the beginning of a written constitution in India.
The act set up a written constitution for the British possession in India in place of arbitrary rule of the company. A system was introduced to prevent the Governor-General from becoming autocratic. This act unequivocally established the supremacy of the Presidency of Bengal over the others.

The Correct Answer is (Utilitarian School)

• The Utilitarian School of Democracy, championed by philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham, James Mill, and John Stuart Mill, held a distinctive perspective that underlined the significance of protective democracy.
• Their framework centered on utilitarianism, which posits that actions and institutions should aim to maximize overall happiness and well-being. This philosophy led them to advocate for democratic systems as essential tools for safeguarding individual rights and interests. Here's a breakdown of their ideas:
• Utilitarians believed that the ultimate goal of societal arrangements should be to enhance the happiness and well-being of the greatest number of people.

The wealthy do have a responsibility to help the poor. The responsibility, however, is of a human character. Every human being has a responsibility to use the resources they have, financial or otherwise, to make the world a better place. This is a secular responsibility.

A pragmatist is someone who is pragmatic, that is to say, someone who is practical and focused on reaching a goal. A pragmatist usually has a straightforward, matter-of-fact approach and doesn't let emotion distract her.

English school theory distinguishes between realist, rationalist and cosmopolitan approaches to international cooperation. This division between realists who see security as a national prerogative and cosmopolitans who envisage global constitutional norms best explains current deadlock.
A) Liberal institutionalism does not sufficiently account for sovereignty concerns.
B) Neorealism focuses on material power structures rather than ideational divides.
C) Critical constructivism highlights discourse divergence but downplays power politics.
D) Correct. English school captures the debate between realists who oppose binding UN action that constrains state power and cosmopolitans who advocate un
This conceptual divide has blocked a UN comprehensive framework.
In summary, English school theory provides the most insightful explanation by framing the lack of UN framework as a clash between realists and cosmopolitans.
The complex answer options provide nuanced application of IR theories.

Correct ascending order:'

• The Treaty of Westphalia
• Treaties of Utrecht
• Treaty of Paris
• The Charter of the UN

It discouraged feudal order

• Benedetto Croce was an Italian philosopher who developed a form of idealist political philosophy in the early 20th century.
• Croce conceptualized the state as an 'ethical ideal' rather than simply an instrument of power.
• According to him, the state represents the collective efforts of citizens to realize objective ethical values and truths through public action.
• He argued that individuals participate in the state to find an ethical purpose higher than their private interests.
• The state enables citizens to understand and actualize values like liberty, justice and rights.

The importance given to 'Generalists over Specialists' is the effect of the Colonial age traditions in India.

• In the government, there are two major functional categories: generalists and specialists.
• They are crucial in the formulation of policies, their implementation, and in providing advice to political leaders.
• The nature of modern administration has become more specialized, necessitating the use of various sorts of staff with the requisite abilities, expertise, and characteristics..
• The dominance of the generalists was initially more or less accepted in India, continuing the legacy of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) from the days of the British, and was not severely contested.
• With its people typically holding the top positions in both the central and state governments in addition to the positions of heads of various departments, the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), the organization that succeeded the Indian Civil Service (ICS), or generalists acquired importance. But this predominance of generalists in the administration gave rise to a growing sense of unhappiness in recent times.

Thomas Hobbes well-known for making a significant contribution to political theory such as obligation, state of nature, and negative view of human nature. 

Mao Zedong known as Chairman Mao was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and was chairman of the Chinese Communist Party until 1976.