TS SET Paper 2 Mock Test - 3 (History) - TS TET MCQ

Key Points
In 1854, the first cotton mill was set up in Bombay and It grew as an important port for the export of raw cotton from India to England and China.

• This cotton crop became a huge demand and farmers started investing in it.
• Cotton turned the market upside down.
• A huge number of labours started working in mills.
• In Bombay, about 84 mills were established by Parsi and Gujarati businessmen by 1900.
• The construction and development of mills in cities started and the first mill in Ahmedabad was started in 1861.
• The growth of cotton mills demanded manpower.
• Poor peasants, artisans, and agricultural labourers started working in the mills.
• The textile industry of India faced problems such as difficulty competing with the cheap textiles imported from Britain.
• In most countries, the government-supported industrialization by applying and imposing heavy duties on imports which eliminated competition and protected infant industries.
• The first major spurt in the development of cotton factory production in India was during the First World War when textile imports from Britain were declined and Indian factories were called upon to produce cloth for military supplies.

Confusion Points

• The first Indian cotton cloth mill was established in 1818 at Fort Gloster near Kolkata, but this mill was a failure. The second mill which was established in 1854 in Mumbai is called the true foundation of modern cotton industry in India. This question was from HTET TGT Social Science 2014 - 2015 Official Paper and according to the official answer key the answer provided is Bombay (1854)

Mahalwari system was introduced in the Ganga valley, the northwest provinces, parts of central India and the Punjab. The revenue settlement under this system was done with landlords or heads of families who collectively claimed to be landlords of the village or the estate and the land revenue was also periodically revised.

The correct answer is Nalanda Learning Centre.

Key Points

Nalanda Learning Centre:

• Nalanda was a renowned mahavihara (Buddhist monastic university) in ancient Magadha (modern-day Bihar), India.
• Nalanda was established during the Gupta Empire era.
• It was sacked and destroyed by the troops of Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji, partly restored thereafter, and continued to exist till about 1400 CE.
• Today, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• It has been listed as an "Institute of National Importance" by the Government of India.
• A great library at Nalanda named Dharmaganja (Piety Mart) comprised three large multi-storeyed buildings,
  • The Ratnasagara (Ocean of Jewels),
  • The Ratnodadhi (Sea of Jewels), and
  • The Ratnaranjaka (Jewel-adorned).

The fifth Sikh Guru Arjun Dev composed Adi Granth. He supported Khusroo against Jahangir for the Mughal throne and was therefore executed by Jahangir. Guru Hargobind, the Sixth Guru was the founder of the idea Akali Takht (Sikh Brotherhood) and constructed Harminder Sahib Gate in Amritsar. The eight Guru, Harikishen was the youngest to become a guru at the age of 5 and died of small pox. Guru Ramdas, the fourth Sikh guru constructed Amritsar and Santokhsar lakes in the land granted by the Mughal Emperor Akbar to his daughter.

According to Barani, the correct descending order of military cavalry composition is - iv, iii, ii, i

Key Points

• Ziauddin Barani was a Muslim political thinker of the Delhi Sultanate.
• He was best known for composing the Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi and the Fatwa-i-Jahandari .
• In his works, he mentioned about the military administration of the Delhi Sultanate.
• The diwan-i arz or military department was headed by the ariz-i mumalik.
• He was responsible for the administration of military affairs.
• Cavalry was the key to the success of Delhi Sultanate.
• Given below are the officials (in the descending order) of the military cavalry under Delhi Sultanate:
  • ​Khan - A khan's force contained at least ten maliks.
  • Malik - A malik had authority over ten amirs.
  • Amir - An amir commanded ten sipahsalars.
  • Sipahsalar - A sipahsalar directed ten sar khels.
  • Sarkhel - A sar khel had ten horsemen under him.

Hence, we can conclude that according to to Barani, the correct descending order of military cavalry composition is -

• The Assertive Nationalists, also known as Extremists in the context of the Indian National Movement, were a group of leaders within the Indian National Congress who emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They were labeled as such in contrast to the earlier Moderate faction, which advocated for constitutional reforms and discussions with the British to achieve self-governance gradually.
• Assertive Nationalists such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Aurobindo Ghosh believed that mere petitions or constitutional methods would not be sufficient to secure national interests. They argued for a more aggressive stance against British rule, advocating for the adoption of Swadeshi (use of domestic goods and boycott of British goods), national education, and Swaraj. While they did promote passive resistance and were part of protests and picketing, they also did not completely rule out the use of force if it was deemed necessary in the struggle for independence. This stance distinguished them from the later Gandhian phase, which emphasized non-violence and civil disobedience as core principles.
• Their methods included the boycott of British goods, institutions, and schools, promotion of Swadeshi products, and the establishment of national schools and colleges to foster a sense of national identity and education not influenced by British ideals. The partition of Bengal in 1905 became a significant rallying point for their activities, leading to widespread protests and marked the rise of the Assertive Nationalist movement within the broader Indian freedom struggle.

"Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it". This slogan was given by Bal Gangadhar Tilak during the freedom struggle.

The correct answer is Francois Bernier.

Key Points

• Francois Bernier:
  • A French physician, political philosopher, traveller, and historian, lived in India for 12 years. He was associated with the Mughal Court as a personal physician of Dara Shikoh (eldest son of emperor Shah Jahan) and later as a scientist with Danishmand Khan (Nole at Mughal Court). Hence, option 3 is correct.

Additional Information

• Niccolao Manucci:
  • He was born in 1638 in Venice but came to India when he was just 17. He landed in Surat and was employed as an artilleryman in the army of the Mughal prince, Dara Shikoh. After Shikoh’s defeat, he worked for the famous Rajput king, Mirza Raja Jai Singh, but this too did not last long. Manucci’s travels and quests for employment took him from all over India – from Kashmir to Bengal, Goa to Madras.
• Duarte Barbosa:
  • ​He was a Portuguese writer and Portuguese India officer between 1500 and 1516–1517. He was posted as a scrivener in the Cannanore factory and occasionally served as an interpreter of the local language (Malayalam). His Book of Duarte Barbosa (Livro de Duarte Barbosa) is one of the earliest examples of Portuguese travel literature.
• Marco Polo:
  • ​He was a merchant from Venice and an adventurer who travelled from Europe to Asia from 1271 to 1295. He travelled through Asia along the Silk road in the 13th century. The story of his travels is recorded in ‘II Milione’ (The Million) also called ‘The Travels of Marco Polo’.

The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3.

Key Points

First Anglo-Maratha War

• After many battles Both Marathas and Britishers signed the Treaty of Salbai to Conclude the first Anglo-Maratha War in 1782. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
• The First Anglo-Maratha War was fought between the British East India Company and Maratha Empire, during 1775 - 1782. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• After the Third Battle of Panipat, the Maratha power in India started declining.
• Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao died in 1761 and was succeeded by his son Madhavrao I who was able to recover some of the territories lost in the third battle of Panipat.
• Madhavrao I died in the early 1770s, leading to a fight for Maratha’s throne between Narayan Rao (Son of Madhavrao I) and uncle Raghunathrao.

The main cause of the first Maratha war was the increased interference of the British in affairs, both internal and external. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.

Causes

• Treaty of Surat 1775:
  • It was signed between Raghunath Rao and the British East India Company (EIC). British EIC agreed to support the claim of Raghunathrao over Peshwaship.
  • In return, Raghunathrao conceded Salsette and Bassein to the English.
• Beginning of the First Anglo-Maratha War
  • The Treaty of Surat in 1775 is considered the beginning of the First Anglo-Maratha War.
  • Raghunathrao supported by the British EIC attacked and won the battle against the Peshwa of Maratha.
• Disagreement among Britishers
  • British Calcutta Council under Warren Hastings cancelled the agreement reached between Raghunathrao and the Bombay Presidency.
  • British Calcutta Council signed a new Agreement of Purandhar with Ministers of Maratha in 1776.
  • Raghunathrao was given the only pension and Salsette was held on by the British.
• Breach of Agreement of Purandhar 1776
  • The British establishment at Bombay breached this treaty and protected Raghunathrao.
  • On the other hand, Nana Phadnavis gave permission to the French to build a port on the west coast.
• Battle at Wadgaon
  • The above conflict led to a battle at Wadgaon near Pune in which the Marathas under Mahadji Shinde secured a conclusive victory over the English.
• Treaty of Wadgaon
  • The English were forced to sign a humiliating agreement with Marathas in Wadgaon in 1779.
• Treaty of Salbai
  • ​It was signed on 17 May 1782.
  • The Company retained control of Salsette and Broach and acquired guarantees that the Marathas would defeat Hyder Ali of Mysore and retake territories in the Carnatic.
  • The Marathas also guaranteed that the French would be prohibited from establishing settlements on their territories.
  • Raghunath Rao was pensioned and his cause was abandoned.
  • The British also recognised the territorial claims of the Mahadji Shinde west of the Jamuna River and all the territories occupied by the British after the Treaty of Purndar were given back to the Marathas.
  • The Treaty of salbai resulted in 20 years of relative peace between the Maratha Empire and the East India Company until the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1802.
  • Devudiya Anderson concluded the Treaty of Salbai on behalf of the East India Company.

The correct answer is 3 and 4 only.

Key Points

• Malwa School of Painting
  • It flourished between 1600 and 1700 CE and is most representative of the Hindu Rajput courts. Hence, Statement 1 is not correct.
  • Its two-dimensional simplistic language appears as a consummation of stylistic progression from the Jain manuscripts to the Chaurpanchashika manuscript paintings. Hence, Statement 2 is not correct.
  • Unlike the specificity of Rajasthani schools that emerged and flourished in precise territorial kingdoms and courts of their respective kings, Malwa School defies a precise centre for its origin and instead suggests a vast territory of Central India, where it got articulated with a sporadic mention of few places, such as Mandu, Nusratgarh and Narsyang Sahar. Hence, Statement 4 is correct.
  • Among the few early dated sets are an illustrated poetic text of Amaru Shataka dated 1652 CE and a Ragamala painting by Madho Das in 1680 CE.
  • A large number of Malwa paintings discovered from the Datia Palace collection support a claim for Bundelkhand as the region of painting. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
  • But the mural paintings in the Datia Palace of Bundelkhand defy an obvious Mughal influence, which is contrary to the works on paper that are stylistically inclined towards indigenous two-dimensional austerity. A complete absence of the mention of patron kings and also portraits in this school supports a view that these paintings were bought by the Datia rulers from travelling artists, who carried paintings on popular themes, such as the Ramayana, Bhagavata Purana, Amaru Shataka, Rasikapriya, Ragamala and Baramasa, among others.

The correct answer is 1 only.

Key Points

• The Battle of Plassey:-
  • When Alivardi Khan died in 1756, Siraj Ud-Daulah became the nawab of Bengal.
  • The Company was worried about his power and keen on a puppet ruler who would willingly give trade concessions and other privileges. So it tried, though without success, to help one of Siraj Ud-Daulah's rivals become the nawab.
  • An infuriated Siraj Ud-Daulah asked the Company to stop meddling in the political affairs of his dominion, stop fortification, and pay the revenues. After negotiations failed, the Nawab marched with 30,000 soldiers to the English factory at Kassimbazar, captured the Company officials, locked the warehouse, disarmed all Englishmen, and blockaded English ships. Then he marched to Calcutta to establish control over the Company’s fort there.
  • On hearing the news of the fall of Calcutta, Company officials in Madras sent forces under the command of Robert Clive, reinforced by naval fleets.
  • In 1757, Robert Clive led the Company’s army against Siraj Ud-Daulah at Plassey.
  • One of the main reasons for the defeat of the Nawab was that the forces led by Mir Jafar, one of Siraj Ud-Daulah's commanders, never fought the battle.
  • Robert Clive had managed to secure his support by promising to make him nawab after crushing Siraj Ud-Daulah.
  • The Battle of Plassey became famous because it was the first major victory the Company won in India. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
  • After the defeat at Plassey, Siraj Ud-Daulah was assassinated and Mir Jafar made the nawab. Hence, Statement 2 is not correct.
  • The Company was still unwilling to take over the responsibility of the administration. Hence, Statement 3 is not correct.
  • Its prime objective was the expansion of trade. If this could be done without conquest, through the help of local rulers who were willing to grant privileges, then territories need not be taken over directly.
  • When Mir Jafar protested, the Company deposed him and installed Mir Qasim in his place.
  • When Mir Qasim complained, he in turn was defeated in a battle fought at Buxar (1764), driven out of Bengal, and Mir Jafar was reinstalled.

The Chinese pilgrim Fa-Hien came during Chandra- gupta-ll reign not during Kanishka reign. Though Harsha was a Hindu he was not antagonistic to Buddhism when Hiuen-Tsang met him.

The peasants had to pay one sixth of their produce.

Taxes were collected directly by royal agents, and generally there were no intermediate landlord between the peasant and the State. But some villages were granted to brahmanas and big merchants for their enjoyment. We also hear of large plots of land worked with the help of slaves and agricultural laborers. Rich peasants were called gahapatis (Pali term), who were almost the same as the section of the vaishyas.

The correct matching of the List - I with List - II is: a - iii, b - i, c - iv, d - ii

Key Points

• Dadani:
  • It is a system in which merchants (both Indian and European) gave cash and raw material advances (dadani) to the primary producers ie artisans and later bought the finished products.
  • Though it originated and grew in Bengal, later it spread to other parts of India as well.
• Sanad:
  • Imperial order during the medieval period of Indian History was known as Sanad.
  • In the Indian Mughal administration, the word sanad was used as a technical term for a special category of farmans.
• Dastak:
  • The Dastak was the trade permit given to the East India company by Farruksiyar's Farman of 1717.
  • Under the terms of this Farman, East India Company was entitled to trade in Bengal without paying the normal customs duty.
• Hundi:
  • Hundi means 'the bills of exchange'.

  • Hundis are financial tools used in trade and credit transactions that originated in the Indian subcontinent during the Mughal period.

Based on the above discussion, the correct matching of the List - I with List - II is:

Mahatma Gandhi's biographer, Louis Fischer, was associated with the Quit India Movement. He was an American journalist.

Mahajanapadas

• Mahajanapadas were kingdoms that arose around 6th century BCE.
• The 16 Mahajanapadas were Kasi, Kosala, Anga, Magadha, Vajji, Malla, Chedi, Vatsa, Kuru, Panchala, Matsya, Surasena, Assmaka, Avanti, Gandhara, and Kamboja.
• This period is referred to as the second urbanisation, the first being the Harappan civilization. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• During this period, the centre of political activity shifted from the western to the lower part of the Gangetic plain. Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh make up the eastern half of the Gangetic plain. The fertile soils, better climate, and terrain conditions gifted with rainfall and rivers were the key reasons for this shift. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The Mahajanapadas find reference in Buddhist scriptures (Angutara Nikaya), Jaina scriptures, and Later Vedic texts. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• Among the mahajanapadas, rajyas were monarchies such as Avanti, Magadha,etc. and ganas were republics, such as Vajji, Mallas and Assaka. Hence, statement 4 is correct.

Accordingly, A is correct.

Mahajanpadas

Source: IGNOU

The correct answer is Neither 1 nor 2.

Important Points

• The stone Nataraj or Natesha murti, in "chatura pose with jatamakuta and trinetra" is a rare depiction of Lord Shiva in the Prathihara style. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
• The statue is almost four-feet-tall.
• A depiction of Nandi (sacred bull calf) is shown behind the right leg of the Natesa icon.
• It was stolen in February 1998 from Ghateshwar Temple in Baroli, Rajasthan. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
• The murti was returned to the Archaeological Survey of India.

Additional Information

• Pratihara Style of architecture is associated with the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty around 800-900 AD.
• This dynasty was one of the first four patrilineal clans of the caste group referred to as the Rajputs.
• The Pratiharas added a full-fledged mandapa to the single shrine temple as an extension to the Gupta architecture tradition.
• Gurjara-Pratiharas were known for their open pavilion temples.

Govinda III (793 - 814)

• The Rashtrakuta king who defeated the Pratihara ruler Nagabhatta II was Govinda III
• Pala King Dharmapala and his protégé Charayudh sought the help of Govinda III.
• His kingdom spread up to the Vindhyas and Malava in the north and the river Tungabhadra to the south.
• Govind III's northern campaign was not for empire expansion but for fame.
• Govind III defeated Pratihara king Nagabhatta II in 793 - 814 AD.
• Govind III further defeated the Pallava king Dantivarman in 803 at Kanchi.

Key Points

• Nagabhatta I was the first king of the Gurjara Pratihara dynasty.
• Nagabhatta I established his capital at Avanti (Ujjain) in Malwa.
• Nagabhatta II (805 - 833 AD) was the son and successor of Vatsaraj.

Satara was first state that was annexed by Lord Dalhousie under the Doctrine of Lapse in 1848. Jhansi and Nagpur were annexed in 1854. As a result of these annexations, a large part of the central provinces came under the British rule.

The correct answer is 1953.

Important Points

• Potti Sreeramulu undertook a fast unto death from 19 October 1952 demanding a separate state of Andhra Pradesh.
• Potti Sreeramulu died on 15 December 1952.
• The death of Potti Sreeramulu leads to the formation of the Andra state.
• The Prime Minister announced the formation of a separate Andhra state in December 1952.

Key Points

• The Telugu-speaking area of Andhra state was formed on 1^st October 1953.
  • Kurnool was the capital city of the Andra state.
  • T Prakasam was the first chief minister of Andra state.
• The combined Andhra Pradesh state was formed based on the gentlemen's agreement.
• Andhra State combined with the Telugu-speaking areas of the already existing Hyderabad State on 1^st November 1956.

The correct answer is Cicero.

Key Points

• He was a pioneer from ancient Greek history, a widely travelled man who wrote incredible stories about the past.
• His greatest contribution to Greek literature was a series of books titled The Histories.
• The term 'History' is derived from the Greek word ‘Historia’ which means inquiry.
• He was the first known author who used the term to describe his work.

• Greek writer Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 BC) dubbed Herodotus the father of history but also at the same time said that his history is full of lies.

• He was an Athenian and served as a general during the Peloponnesian war, a conflict between Athens and Sparta that lasted for about thirty years.
• After his failure as a general, he was evidently exiled and spent several years amongst the states that were hostile to Athens.

• His book was 'History of the Peloponnesian War.'

• He was a contemporary of the most famous imperial figure in Roman history, Augustus.
• He wrote a monumental history of Rome, which ran into 142 books.
• Unfortunately, more than a hundred of these books were lost, and some survive only in summaries written by later authors.

• Livy's only surviving work is commonly known as History of Rome.

• He was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic period.
• He is noted for his work The Histories, which covered the period of 264–146 BC and the Punic Wars in detail.

• He is important for his analysis of the mixed constitution or the separation of powers in government.

Hence, we can conclude that Cicero called Herodotus the ‘Father of History’ but also at the same time said that his 'history' is full of fables.

Angutara Nikaya, a Buddhist scripture mentions 16 great kingdoms or Mahajanapadas at the beginning of the 6th century BCE in India.

• They emerged during the Vedic Age.
• The Mahajanapadas emerged due to the availability of fertile lands and iron production increased due to the availability of iron ore in large quantities.

Important Points

Magadha was the most powerful state in ancient India.

• It is situated in modern Bihar.
• Following are the reasons for the rise of Magadha:

  • Economic factors

    • Magadha had huge copper and iron deposits.
    • Because of its location, it could easily control trade.
    • Had a large population that could be used for agriculture, mining, building cities and in the army.
    • The general prosperity of the people and the rulers.
    • The mastery over Ganga meant economic hegemony. Ganga was important for trade in North India.

  • Geographical factors

    • Magadha was located in the upper and lower parts of the Gangetic valley.
    • It was located on the mainland route between west and east India.
    • The area had fertile soil. It also received enough rainfall.
    • Magadha was encircled by rivers on three sides, the Ganga, Son and Champa making the region impregnable to enemies.
    • Both Rajgir and Pataliputra were located in strategic positions.

From the above, we can conclude that Magadha had a large deposit of iron ore.

Additional Information

Lets' look at the other Mahajanapadas:

The Santhals had begun to come into Bengal around the 1780s. zamindars hired them to reclaim land and expand cultivation, and British officials invited them to settle in the Janga Mahals. The Paharias refused to cut forest, resisted touching the plough, and continued to be turbulent. The Santhals, by contrast, appeared t be ideal settlers, clearing forests and ploughing the land with vigour.

The Santhals were given land and persuaded to settle in the foothills of Rajmahal by the 18th century. By 1832 a large area of land was demarcated as Damin-i-Koh. This was declared to be the land of the Santhals.

The fifth king of the Adil Shahi dynasty is known as Jagadguru Badshah in Indian history. He tried to create cultural harmony between the Shias and the Sunnis, and between Hindus and Muslims through music.

He loved the art form, played musical instruments, sang and composed praises of Hindu deities Saraswati and Ganapati.

1) The civil service was brought into existence by Lord Cornwallis.

2) In 1800, Lord Wellesley established the College of Fort William at Calcutta for the education of young recruits to the Civil Services.

The Battle of Plassey in 1757 laid the foundation of British colonialism in India, when the East India Company established its hold over Bengal. The basic tenet of colonialism is economic exploitation. Karl Marx formulated the theory of three successive phases of British colonialism and economic exploitation of India, namely, Mercantilist, Free Trade Mercantile Capitalism and Finance Imperialism. R.P. Dutt in his monumental work India Today has made a brilliant analysis of these different phases of Marx’s colonialism.

In the period of the Delhi Sultanate, usar land was barren or uncultivable land.

Key Points

• Muhammad Bin Tughlaq established a separate agriculture department and appointed a minister, Amir-i-kohi, to oversee it.
• The primary goal of this department was to increase the amount of land under cultivation.
• The intention was to bring barren (banjar) land or uncultivable (usar) land under cultivation.
• At the same time, whatever was being cultivated would be improved.
• This was done to get higher land-revenue.
• The government spent nearly seventy lakh rupees in three years, but the experiment failed and the scheme was abandoned after three years.

• The failure of the scheme was caused by the officer's corruption, the poor quality of land chosen for farming, and the indifference of cultivators who were assigned land under government supervision.

Therefore, we can conclude that in the period of the Delhi Sultanate, usar land was barren or uncultivable land.

Key Points

Political History

• It deals with kings and their nobles during the earliest times. they were considered the architects of the society and their actions received prior treatment at the hands of historians.
• Secondly, the main source of our information for the past history is the court records and the accounts left by courtiers who wanted to flatter their patrons.

Additional Information

Social History

• It primarily devotes to the social life of the people 'viz' religion, national economy, morals, manners, foods, dresses art and culture. In this history, the political, dynastic and constitutional aspects of history are degraded to the background. In addition to these some historians made an attempt to deal with the general patrons of social development.

Diplomatic history

• It can be considered a branch of political history but developed as an independent discipline. In the view of close connections and relations between various members of the international communities, the huge body of principles of international laws has grown, which govern the foreign relations of various sovereign states.

Legal History

• It is another independent branch of history that has grown in recent times. The historians of legal history devoted themselves to the study of legal development and tried to show how the law adjusted itself according to the changing social conditions.

Dadabhai Naoroji gave the statement “Kings are made for Public; Public is not made for the King” during the national movement.