TS SET Paper 2 Mock Test - 2 (English) - TS TET MCQ

The correct answer is 'Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.'

Key Points

• New Historicism is a literary theory that emphasizes the interconnectedness of literature and historical context.
• Scholars of New Historicism, like Stephen Greenblatt, argue that literary works cannot be isolated from the cultural and historical circumstances of their creation and reception. Literature is seen as both shaped by and shaping historical and cultural forces.
• Both the assertion and reason align with the principles of New Historicism.
• New Historicism emphasizes the inseparable relationship between literature and its historical context.
• Literary texts are seen as embedded within the larger cultural and historical framework, and they, in turn, contribute to shaping that context.
• Therefore, the reason provides a valid explanation for the assertion.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1.' 

 Additional Information

• Option 2: Both the Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason explains the Assertion.
• Option 3: The Assertion is true, and the Reason is also true, providing a valid explanation.
• Option 4: The Assertion is false, as New Historicism does emphasize the interconnectedness of literature and history.

Ghosts (Danish: Gengangere) is a play by the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. It was written in 1881 and first staged in 1882 in Chicago, Illinois, in a production by a Danish company on tour. Like many of Ibsen's plays, Ghosts is a scathing commentary on 19th-century morality. Because of its subject matter, which includes religion, venereal disease, incest, and euthanasia, it immediately generated strong controversy and negative criticism. Since then the play has fared better, and is considered a “great play” that historically holds a position of “immense importance”. Theater critic Maurice Valency wrote in 1963, "From the standpoint of modern tragedy Ghosts strikes off in a new direction. Regular tragedy dealt mainly with the unhappy consequences of breaking the moral code. Ghosts, on the contrary, deals with the consequences of not breaking it."

The correct answer is 'Middle English'.

Key Points

• The Norman Conquest in 1066 marked the beginning of the Middle English period, which lasted until the late 15th century.
• This era saw a substantial influx of Norman French into the English lexicon, significantly impacting the vocabulary, grammar, and syntax of the English language.
• Middle English literature includes Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales," exemplifying the linguistic diversity and evolution of English during this period.
• The dominance of French in the court and among the nobility meant that English was influenced not just lexically but also in its social and cultural contexts, leading to a hierarchy of language that reflected class distinction.
• The Middle English period also witnessed the gradual re-establishment of English as the language of law, administration, and literature after centuries of Norman rule.
• Spelling and pronunciation began to diverge significantly from Old English, as seen in the transition from the Anglo-Saxon runic alphabets to a more French-influenced Latin alphabet.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (Old English) refers to the earliest form of the English language, which was spoken and written in parts of what are now England and southern Scotland between the 5th and 11th centuries.
• Option 3 (Early Modern English) is identified with the English Renaissance and the time of William Shakespeare, ranging roughly from the late 15th century to the mid-to-late 17th century.
• Option 4 (Contemporary English) covers the period from the late 20th century to the present, characterized by a significant influence of technology, globalization, and the internet on the language.

The correct answer is 'To gain knowledge'.

Key Points

• According to Bacon's "Of Studies," reading is for "weighing and considering" – in other words, it is a source of knowledge. Bacon suggests that reading allows us to benefit from the insights and experiences of others.
• He emphasizes that reading helps us not only to memorize factual information but also to understand, weigh, and consider these facts. It equips us with intellectual tools that allow us to form opinions, make decisions, and apply knowledge in different contexts.
• Bacon does not dismiss the role of reading in developing original thought, refining writing skills, and cultivating worldly wisdom. However, he underscores that its primary purpose is to serve as a source of knowledge. He implies that original thought, improved writing, and wisdom are products of proper reading, but they are not the immediate purpose of the act itself.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Usage

The correct answer is ‘The Brothers Karamazov.’

Key Points

• The Brothers Karamazov is a philosophical novel that explores the themes of faith, doubt, and the search for meaning in life.
• The novel follows the story of four brothers, each representing different aspects of human nature and belief.
• Through the interactions of the brothers and their relationships with a mysterious stranger, Dostoevsky delves into the complex questions of morality, free will, and the existence of God.
• The novel is considered one of Dostoevsky's greatest works and is known for its profound insights into human psychology and the nature of good and evil.

Therefore, the correct answer is  ‘Option 3.’ 

 Additional Information

• The Double: This novel explores the theme of the doppelgänger and the duality of human nature.
• Notes from Underground: This novel is a psychological exploration of the inner turmoil and alienation of an unnamed protagonist.
• The Possessed: This novel delves into the themes of nihilism, political extremism, and the dangers of revolutionary ideology.

The correct answer is ‘substitutes one word for another based on contiguity.’

 Key Points

• Jakobson defines metonymy as a figure of speech that substitutes one word for another based on contiguity.
• Metonymic substitutions can be based on a variety of relationships, such as spatial proximity, temporal proximity, or cause-and-effect relationships.
• Metonymy can be used to create vivid images, to emphasize certain aspects of a situation, or to create a sense of intimacy or familiarity.
• Jakobson argues that metonymy is a fundamental cognitive process that allows us to understand and communicate about the world around us.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1 is incorrect because metaphor is a figure of speech that substitutes one word for another based on similarity, not contiguity.
• Option 3 is incorrect because ellipsis is a figure of speech that omits a word or phrase from a sentence, not substitutes one word for another.
• Option 4 is incorrect because pleonasm is a figure of speech that adds a word or phrase to a sentence, not substitutes one word for another.

The correct answer is 'With a question-and-answer format'.

Key Points

• The poem employs a question-and-answer structure wherein the first stanza poses queries about the lamb's creator, while the second stanza provides the answers, directly engaging with the theme of creation and divine providence.
• This format facilitates a pedagogical interaction as if teaching the reader (and the lamb) about the nature of creation and the Creator's characteristics, aligning with Blake's often didactic approach.
• The clear, childlike inquiry coupled with the enlightening responses serves to both mystify and clarify the relationship between the lamb (creation) and its maker, symbolizing the quest for understanding one's origins and purpose.
• This structure reflects the simplicity and innocence embodied by the lamb, reinforcing the poem's thematic preoccupations with purity, divine creation, and the nature of God.
• The rhetorical strategy employed through this structural choice beckons the reader to actively engage with fundamental philosophical and theological questions in an accessible, contemplative manner.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Additional Information

• Though 1 ('Through contrasting stanzas'), 2 ('By employing a circular narrative'), and 4 ('Via complex imagery') are relevant to poetic structure and thematic development, none are as central to the poem's exploration of themes as the question-and-answer format is.

The correct answer is 'God'.

Key Points

• The poem implies a creator who has given the lamb life and provisions for survival, highlighted by expressions of nurturing and creation.
• The peaceful and idyllic imagery of living "By the stream & o'er the mead" alludes to divine care and provision.
• The mention of "Gave thee clothing of delight, / Softest clothing wooly bright" suggests a creator who not only gives life but also ensures comfort and safety, aligning with biblical depictions of God's care for his creations.
• The reference to the lamb's "tender voice" that makes "all the vales rejoice" symbolizes the joy and innocence that God's creations bring to the world.
• The poem's thematic underpinnings point towards a divine creator's loving and nurturing aspects, made evident through the provisioning and creating of life, consistent with God's characterization in Christian theology.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Additional Information

• Options 1 ('A shepherd') and 2 ('Nature') could be plausible interpretations but lack direct textual support for the creation and endowment of life.
• Option 4 ('The poet') is incorrect as there is no indication that the poet assumes the role of creator within the poem.

The correct answer is '(i), (ii), and (iii)'.

Key Points

• Sylvia Plath is known for her vivid and disturbing poetry, which explores themes of death, self, and redemption. Her posthumously published collection, "Ariel," is a cornerstone of confessional poetry.
• Robert Lowell is often considered the founder of the confessional poetry movement with his 1959 book "Life Studies." His work marked a shift in his style and a focus on personal experiences and struggles.
• Anne Sexton, a student of Lowell, is renowned for her highly personal and emotional poetry that delves into intimate aspects of her life, including her battles with depression and thoughts of suicide.
• Confessional poetry is characterized by its focus on deeply personal themes and experiences, often touching on topics like mental illness, sexuality, and family life in a way that was revolutionary at the time.
• W. H. Auden, listed in Option 4, is a significant 20th-century poet but is not typically categorized within the confessional poetry movement. His work spans a variety of themes and styles, distinguishing him from the specific focus of confessional poets.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Additional Information

• Options 1 and 2 do include major confessional poets but fail to recognize all three key figures, Sylvia Plath, Robert Lowell, and Anne Sexton, together as part of the movement.
• Option 4 incorrectly includes W. H. Auden as part of the movement, showcasing a misunderstanding of his contributions to poetry and his thematic focus compared to the personal and introspective nature of confessional poetry.

The correct answer is 'Metaphor.'

Key Points

• Metaphors are pervasive throughout "Astrophel and Stella", with Sidney frequently using them to draw elaborate comparisons between his emotions or Stella’s traits and various abstract or concrete concepts, thereby vividly conveying the intensity and complexity of Astrophel's unrequited love for Stella.
• Sidney employs metaphors to elevate Stella's beauty and virtue, comparing her features and the effects they have on Astrophel to heavenly bodies, natural phenomena, and divine attributes. This not only amplifies her allure but also reflects on the overwhelming impact she has on the speaker.
• Through metaphorical language, Sidney explores the paradoxes of love - such as the coexistence of joy and sorrow, desire and despair, indicating the complex emotional landscape that characterizes unrequited love.
• The use of metaphor allows Sidney to indirectly express the societal and personal obstacles to Astrophel’s love for Stella, exploring themes such as duty, honor, and social expectations without direct confrontation.
• Sidney's innovative use of metaphor in "Astrophel and Stella" has been influential, setting a precedent for metaphysical poetry and demonstrating the power of metaphor in exploring emotional depths and intellectual concepts.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Additional Information

• Irony is utilized in the sequence but is not the predominant device; it often emerges in the contrast between Astrophel’s idealization of Stella and the reality of his unrequited love.
• Apostrophe occurs when Astrophel directly addresses Stella, or abstract concepts such as love or virtue, but while present, it is not the central literary device.
• Hyperbole is used to emphasize the extremes of Astrophel’s feelings and the exalted nature of Stella’s beauty, but it serves more as a supportive device to the metaphors rather than the primary method of expression.

Robert Browning was a Victorian poet and dramatist and can be regarded as the king of Dramatic monologues. Rabbi Ben Ezra is a dramatic monologue by Browning based on the life of a 12th century scholar and poet named Abraham Ibn Ezra.

The scholar is the only character and narrator of the poem as well, moreover the poem has no clear audience or dramatic situation. The Rabbi invites his audience to “grow old along with [him] ” stresses that age is where the best of life is realized, whereas “youth shows but half.

The narrator is an older man who is more content wiser and intelligible now compared to his youth. Hence he advocates old age against youth in the poem.

• The line hints toward the bird described in the poem. As soon the bird realized the presence of the poet or a human it felt cautious and stirred his head as he doesn’t know about the next step of the stranger.
• The action of the bird reflects his fear of an upcoming danger.

• Antithesis is a rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect. As in the above line two contrasting ideas “fair” and “cruel” put together in order to draw the attention of the listeners or readers.

• Bathos are the word ever since has been used for an unintentional descent in literature when, straining to be pathetic or passionate or elevated, the writer overshoots the mark and drops into the trivial or the ridiculous Anticlimax”is non-derogatory, and denotes a writer’s deliberate drop from the serious and elevated to the trivial and lowly in order to achieve a comic or satirical effect.

• It sometimes employed as an equivalent of bathos; but in a more useful application. Circumlocution is the use of an unnecessarily large number of words to express an idea. The key to circumlocution is that the statement has to be unnecessarily long and complicated.

• For example: In many religious traditions, practitioners use other names to refer to God. So they come up with circumlocutions such as “Our Father who art in Heaven.

The correct answer is "The concept was proposed in the work S/Z.".

Key Points

• French philosopher Jacques Derrida coined the phrase "arche-writing" to reframe the connection between speech and writing.
• Derrida believed that speech has always been given precedence over writing since Plato's time.
• Phonetic writing was viewed in the West as an inferior imitation of the immediate living act of speech and a secondary imitation of speech.
• According to Derrida, writing was given a secondary or parasitic function in later centuries by both linguist Ferdinand de Saussure and philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
• Derrida attempted to challenge this prioritizing in his article "Plato's Pharmacy" by initially confusing the terms "speaking" and "writing."

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• Honoré de Balzac's short story "Sarrasine" was the subject of Roland Barthes' structural analysis in S/Z, which was published in 1970.
• Barthes works carefully through the narrative, indicating the locations and ways in which various meaning-coding systems operate.
• At the nexus of structuralism and post-structuralism, Barthes' study had a significant influence on literary criticism.

Amy Maud Bodkin was an English classical scholar, writer on mythology, and literary critic. She is best known for her 1934 book Archetypal Patterns in Poetry: Psychological Studies of Imagination.

The correct answer is "The death of his father".

Key Points

• The death of Gogol's father is a pivotal event in Jhumpa Lahiri's novel "The Namesake" that catalyzes Gogol's journey towards self-discovery and acceptance of his cultural identity.
• Gogol's exploration of his identity intensifies as he begins to understand and appreciate the sacrifices and struggles of his immigrant parents, especially the significance of his name, which he has resented for much of his life.
• The loss of his father acts as a turning point, making him more introspective about his place in the world and his connection to his roots, leading him towards a gradual acceptance of his dual identity as an American and a Bengali.
• Lahiri uses the death of Gogol's father to illustrate the complexities of identity and belonging, especially within the context of the immigrant experience, highlighting the challenges of navigating between cultures.
• Gogol's journey is reflective of a larger narrative of second-generation immigrants, who often face a tug-of-war between their ancestral cultures and their personal identities formed in a new land.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Additional Information

• Naming him after the Russian writer Nikolai Gogol has a significant impact on his identity struggle but is not the catalytic event for his journey towards acceptance.
• His marriage to Moushumi and Moving to India for education are important events but do not serve as the primary catalyst for his self-discovery.

The correct answer is '(a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (i), (d) - (iv)'.

Key Points

• "Moby-Dick" is a seminal work in American literature written by Herman Melville, matching with option (iii). This novel is known for its ambitious exploration of good and evil, depicted through the obsessive quest of Ahab, the captain of the whaler the Pequod, for the titular white whale.
• "Beloved" is authored by Toni Morrison, aligning with option (ii). Morrison’s narrative, centered around the life of a former slave years after the end of the Civil War, delves deeply into the psychological trauma of slavery and its enduring legacy on those who survived it.
• "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald, pairs with option (i). Fitzgerald’s critique of the American Dream through the tragic story of Jay Gatsby and his undying love for Daisy Buchanan captures the disillusionment of the Roaring Twenties.
• "The Scarlet Letter" is a classic novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne, which corresponds with option (iv). Set in 17th-century Puritan Massachusetts, the novel explores themes of sin, guilt, and redemption through the story of Hester Prynne, who bears an illegitimate child and struggles to create a new life of dignity and repentance.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Additional Information

• Option 1 incorrectly matches the authors with the works not associated with them based on the provided options.
• Option 3 mixes up the works and their authors, attributing novels to authors who didn't write them.
• Option 4 also gives incorrect matchups, further complicating the relationship between the given works and authors.

The correct answer is 'They show how new languages are born from contact between different linguistic communities.'

Key Points

• Language Contact: Pidgin and creole languages arise in situations where speakers of different languages need to communicate, such as in trade, colonization, or migration scenarios, offering insights into language mixing and evolution.
• Creolization Process: The process of creole language formation from a pidgin stage provides a clear example of how new languages can develop, showcasing linguistic innovation and adaptation.
• Sociolinguistic Dynamics: The study of pidgins and creoles highlights the sociolinguistic dynamics involved in language evolution, including power relations, identity, and community.
• Linguistic Complexity: Despite common misconceptions, creole languages can develop complex grammatical structures, challenging assumptions about linguistic simplicity and evolution.
• Language Universals: The comparison of pidgins and creoles across different linguistic environments can provide insights into universal aspects of language structure and development.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Additional Information

• Option 1: Pidgin and creole languages do not represent regression; instead, they embody language evolution and innovation.
• Option 3: They are not simply "simpler forms" of ancient languages but unique linguistic systems that have evolved from the contact between multiple languages.
• Option 4: Rather than failed attempts, pidgin and creole languages are successful and functional linguistic systems that fulfill the communication needs of their communities.

The correct answer is ‘Surfacing.’

 Key Points

• Surfacing is a novel that explores the themes of environmental degradation, climate change, and the interconnectedness of all living beings through the protagonist's journey into the wilderness.
• The novel follows the protagonist, a woman named Margaret, as she retreats to a cabin in the woods to escape the pressures of her urban life.
• Through her experiences in the wilderness, Margaret comes to a deeper understanding of the natural world and the ways in which humans are harming the environment.
• Atwood uses Margaret's journey to raise awareness about the urgent need for environmental action and to highlight the consequences of human disregard for the planet.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 3.’

 Additional Information

• The Handmaid's Tale: This novel focuses on the themes of female oppression, totalitarian control, and the loss of individual freedom in a dystopian society.
• Oryx and Crake: This novel explores the themes of genetic engineering, cloning, and the ethical implications of scientific advancement.
• Cat's Eye: This novel delves into the themes of female empowerment, self-discovery, and the complexities of human relationships.

The correct answer is 'Deep understanding of literary theory'.

Key Points

• A deep understanding of literary theory is crucial for interpreting texts beyond their surface-level meanings, allowing researchers to explore a wide range of interpretations based on various critical lenses (e.g., feminist, Marxist, postcolonial theories).
• Literary theory equips researchers with the tools to uncover deeper insights into texts, including their underlying ideologies, narrative structures, and the influence of historical and cultural contexts on their creation and reception.
• It enables scholars to critically examine how texts reflect, resist, or negotiate cultural norms and values, providing a richer understanding of the work's significance within its specific context.
• Understanding literary theory facilitates a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating perspectives from philosophy, sociology, history, and other fields to enrich the analysis and situate texts within broader societal discourses.
• Mastery of literary theory also helps researchers discern the evolution of genres, tropes, and conventions, and how these elements interact with cultural and historical developments.
• This skill supports a critical examination of the power dynamics at play in the production and consumption of literature, highlighting issues of authorship, censorship, and the canon.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 2.’

Additional Information

• Proficiency in statistical analysis (Option 1) is more relevant for quantitative research fields than for traditional literary studies.
• Ability to read in multiple languages (Option 3) can be beneficial for comparative literature research but is not as universally required as a strong grounding in literary theory.
• Expertise in digital humanities tools (Option 4) offers valuable resources for research but is complementary to the foundational role of literary theory in text analysis.

The correct answer is "a - II, b - I, c - IV, d - III".

Key Points

• Sir John Falstaff is a character in William Shakespeare's play "The Merry Wives of Windsor". Two housewives, Mistress Ford and Mistress Page are pursued by a big, dishonourable Sir John Falstaff, but they outsmart and humiliate him in the process.
• Shakespeare's Macbeth has a fictional figure named King Duncan. He is the father of two young sons and the victim of his dependable commander Macbeth's well-planned regicide in an attempt to seize power.
• In Shakespeare's play Cymbeline, King Cymbeline's daughter is named Imogen.
  • William Hazlitt referred to her as "probably the most sensitive and the most artless" of all the women in Shakespeare's plays.
• One of the conspirators in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar was the Roman commander Marcus Brutus. Despite being a man of honour and a friend of Caesar, Brutus participates in the plot to assassinate him by persuading himself that Caesar's demise is in the best interests of Rome.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

French postmodern theorist Jean Baudrillard (1929–2007) is considered to be one of the most intellectual figures of the present age. Philosophy, social theory, and idiosyncratic cultural metaphysics are a few of his fields of study.

His best-known works include 'Simulacra and Simulation' (1981), 'America' (1986), and 'The Gulf War Did Not Take Place' (1991). In the 1991 work, Baudrillard points out that he fails to see the actual political stakes and reasons for the Vietnam war, as well as the significance of the struggles between capitalist and communist blocs. He argues that it was a media spectacle and not a genuine war.

Published and staged in 1960, The Caretaker was Harold Pinter's first commercial triumph. A three-act play, The Caretaker focuses on the emerging conflict among three working- class men. Alan Pryce-Jones summarizes the plot in a 1960 Observer review: "They talk, fail to communicate with one another, and break into moments of violence which reflect the despair of the world,' Pinter uses the interactions of these characters-Aston, in his early thirties; Mick, his younger brother; and the old man Davies-to explore power dynamics and identity. Critics praise Pinterís ability to inspire sympathy for both the manipulative Davies and the slow, quiet Aston: Pryee-Jones admires those 'moment of the utmost eloquence in which nothing happened.' In Pinterís drama, silence and action convey meaning that cannot be related through language.

The correct answer is 'Holiness.'

Key Points

• Redcrosse is the protagonist of the first book of "The Faerie Queene", which is dedicated to the virtue of holiness. As such, he represents the ideal Christian knight, embodying the spiritual journey towards holiness.
• Throughout Book I, Redcrosse encounters various trials and tribulations that test his faith and virtue, reflecting the Christian narrative of fall and redemption.
• His journey includes battling dragons and facing deceit, embodying the struggle between good and evil that is central to the Christian spiritual journey.
• Redcrosse's association with St. George, the patron saint of England, further emphasizes his role as a symbol of holiness and the Christian fight against evil.
• His eventual victory over the dragon and reunion with Una symbolize the triumph of true faith and the attainment of spiritual grace.
• This book is allegorical, with characters and events representing moral and religious virtues and vices, and Redcrosse's quest for holiness is central to its moral and spiritual teachings.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Additional Information

• Option 1, chastity, is the central virtue of Book III, focused on Britomart, a female knight.
• Option 2, justice, is represented by Artegall in Book V of "The Faerie Queene".
• Option 4, temperance, is the focus of Book II and is represented by Sir Guyon.

The correct answer is "Boethius".

Key Points

• Boethius, also known as Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, was a Roman senator, consul, magister officiorum, historian, and philosopher of the Early Middle Ages.
• Geoffrey Chaucer was a poet, author, and government servant best remembered for his work The Canterbury Tales.
  • He has been referred to as the "Father of English Literature" or the "Father of English Poetry".
  • He was the first writer to be buried in what is now known as Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.
• Geoffrey Chaucer translated Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy into Middle English.
  • The original text, written in Latin, emphasizes the relevance of philosophy in everyday life and was a prominent work of philosophy during the Middle Ages.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• Homer was a Greek poet who wrote The Iliad and The Odyssey, two epic poems that are considered foundational classics of ancient Greek literature. Homer is regarded as one of history's most respected and influential authors.
• Quintus Horatius Flaccus, better known as Horace in the English-speaking world, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the reign of Augustus.
• Publius Vergilius Maro, sometimes known as Virgil or Vergil in English, was an Augustan-era Roman poet. He wrote three of Latin literature's most famous poems: the Eclogues, the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid.

The correct answer is "a and b".

Key Points

•  A poet, novelist, literary critic, essayist, teacher, and environmentalist from Canada is Margaret Eleanor Atwood.
• Margaret Atwood's futuristic dystopian book "The Handmaid's Tale" was first released in 1985. It takes place in a patriarchal, totalitarian theonomic state called the Republic of Gilead, which has toppled the American government, in a near-future America.
• Margaret Atwood wrote the book Surfacing. It was her second novel, and it was published by McClelland and Stewart in 1972. Surfacing deals with the issues of power politics.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Don DeLillo's eighth novel, White Noise, was released by Viking Press in 1985. It earned the National Book Award for Fiction in the United States. White Noise is a seminal work of postmodern literature. It is largely regarded as DeLillo's breakthrough book, bringing him to the attention of a far bigger public.
• Paul Beatty's novel The Sellout was published in 2015. The novel is set in and around Los Angeles, California, and reflects on the current status of racial relations in the United States.

The correct answer is "Greed".

Key Points

• In "The Canterbury Tales", the Pardoner's Tale serves as a moralistic story that warns against the sin of greed.
• The tale tells the story of three rioters who go on a quest to kill Death but are themselves killed due to their own greed.
• The Pardoner, who himself is characterized as a greedy and deceitful person, uses the story to sell indulgences to the other pilgrims.
• Chaucer uses this irony to critique the corruption within the Church.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

1 and  4 

Learners acquire language by trying to use it in real situations such as going shopping, introducing yourself, making calls, expressing your opinion and many more. Learner practice in particular communicative situations, illustrated with exemplary dialogues, vocabulary and important idioms. Learner’s first language or mother tongue also plays an important role in learning any other languages, specifically in translation method of language learning. Through communicative activities, students can learn to use language in real communication.

It is important that activities in Communicative Language Teaching focus on students to practice using the target language in the classroom. As all four parts of language learning are important, equally in themselves so language cannot be acquired if more stress given on writing rather than speech in the target language.