TS SET Paper 2 Mock Test - 4 (English) - TS TET MCQ

The correct answer is 'Javed.'

 Key Points

• Javed is a pivotal character in "Final Solutions," symbolizing the marginalized and persecuted in society.
• His journey reflects the broader struggles of minorities in the face of communal tensions.
• Dattani uses Javed's experiences to explore the impact of prejudice, discrimination, and violence on individual lives.
• Javed's character embodies the complexities and injustices within a society torn by communal strife.
• Through Javed's narrative, the play provides a powerful commentary on the human cost of communal conflicts.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1.'

 Additional Information

• Daisy: While an important character, Daisy is not the central character whose journey serves as a metaphor for societal conflicts.
• Professor: The Professor is significant, but Javed's experiences are more central to the metaphorical exploration of societal conflicts.
• Bilal: Bilal plays a role, but Javed's character is more intricately woven into the broader thematic fabric.

• R. K. Narayana regarded Graham Greene as a mentor and friend as well. Greene possessed the credit of the publication of the first book of R. K. Narayana and also advised him to shorten his name to become more familiar with the English Language audience. Greene also indebted to Narayana for granting him an experience of Indian life. For him, Narayan was “the novelist, I most admire in the English language”Narayana himself admit that without Greene’s encouragement he can never attain world wide acclaim.

• Mulk Raj Anand met E. M. Forster during his job at The Criterion. They were good friends throughout the life. Forster wrote the preface for Anand ‘s first novel Untouchable, which helped him to secure a place as a novelist. Anand praised Forster for his support. Anand held A Passage to India to be the best fictional writing on his homeland.

The Rape of the Lock is a mock-heroic narrative poem written by Alexander Pope. One of the most commonly cited examples of high burlesque, it was first published anonymously in Lintot's Miscellaneous Poems and Translations (May 1712) in two cantos (334 lines); a revised edition "Written by Mr. Pope" followed in March 1714 as a five-canto version (794 lines) accompanied by six engravings. Pope boasted that this sold more than three thousand copies in its first four days. The final form of the poem appeared in 1717 with the addition of Clarissa's speech on good humour. The poem was much translated and contributed to the growing popularity of mock-heroic in Europe.

The correct answer is 'The Review.'

Key Points

• "The Review" is recognized as one of the earliest literary journals in English literature, founded by Daniel Defoe in 1704. This publication marks a critical development in the history of journalism and public discourse.
• Daniel Defoe, better known for his novel "Robinson Crusoe," was also a pioneering journalist and pamphleteer. His founding of "The Review" showcased his diverse talents and interests, especially in politics, economics, and social issues.
• "The Review" was initially published weekly but later became a thrice-weekly publication, indicating its success and the public's growing appetite for commentary and analysis on current events.
• Unlike many of its contemporaries, "The Review" did not shy away from controversial topics, including politics, commerce, and religion. Defoe's sharp wit and insightful commentary attracted a wide readership.
• The journal played a crucial role in the development of the English essay and journalistic commentary, influencing later publications such as "The Tatler" and "The Spectator."
• "The Review" set a precedent for editorial independence and the journalist's role as a commentator on public affairs, an influence that persists in modern journalism.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect because "The Tatler" was founded by Richard Steele in 1709, not Daniel Defoe.
• Option 2: Incorrect as "The Spectator" was co-founded by Joseph Addison and Richard Steele in 1711, after the establishment of "The Review."
• Option 4: Incorrect because "Granta" is a contemporary literary magazine established much later, in 1889, and not related to Daniel Defoe.

The correct answer is "All of the above".

Key Points

• Sake Dean Mahomed (1759–1851) was a Bengali traveller, surgeon, entrepreneur, and one of the most notable early non-European immigrants to the Western World.
  • Due to non-standard transliteration, Din Muhammad's name was often spelt in various ways.
  • Mahomed introduced Indian cuisine and shampoo baths to Europe, where he offered a therapeutic massage. He was also the first Indian to publish a book in English.
• Henry Louis Vivian Derozio was an Indian poet and assistant headmaster of Hindu College, Kolkata.
  • Derozio was a radical thinker of his time and one of the first Indian educators to disseminate Western learning and science among the young men of Bengal.
• Irwin Allan Sealy is an Indian writer. The Trotter-Nama (1988) is his most famous work.
  • Sealy's novel The Everest Hotel: A Calendar was shortlisted for the 1998 Booker prize.

Therefore the correct answer is Option 4.

The Legend of Good Women is one of the longest creations, in the form of a dream vision by Geoffrey Chaucer. The work remained incomplete as the poet recounts ten stories of virtuous women in nine sections but only nine legends could have completed originally.

The legends are: Cleopatra, Thisbe, Dido, Hypsipyle, Medea, Lucrece, Ariadne, Philomela, Phyllis and Hypermnestra. Many of these love stories end with the suicide of the female resulting either from a broken heart at losing their true love or a broken heart at being seduced and abandoned.

The correct answer is " (i- b), (ii- c), (iii- d), (iv- a) ".

Key Points

•  The given works are critical works by the respective authors.
• 'Ars Poetica' is a poem by Horace. The poem is a critical work that deals with function and nature of poetry. Horace talks about three major part poesis (subject matter), poema (form), and poeta (the poet). 
• ​'Poetics' is a critical work on dramatic theory by Aristotle that discusses in details the structure of verse drama. 
• 'Institutio Oratorio' is a twelve volume-work by Quintillian that deals with the practice of rhetoric.
• 'Timber; or Discoveries' by Ben Jonson is a critique on the dramatic practice of his contemporary times.

Therefore the correct answer is "option 2". 

Additional Information

•  Horace was a Roman lyric poet during the time of Roman King Augustus. His notable works are 'Epistles', 'Epodes' and odes.
• Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and a student of Plato. He is the founder of Peripatetic School of philosophy. 
• Marcus Fabius Quintilianus or Quintillian was a Roman educator from Hispania. His works contributed to the education of his time and he also worked as an educator of Roman King Domitian.
• Ben Jonson was an English playwright and satirist during the Jacobean period. He popularized the genre comedy of humors. Some of his notable works are 'Volpone', 'Every Man in His Humor'. 

The correct answer is "The Savage Mind".

Key Points

• Claude Levi-Strauss' 1962 structural anthropological book "The Savage Mind" is commonly known as Wild Thought.
• In The Savage Mind, Levi-Strauss contrasted the Bricoleur and Engineer.
• It is made clear by Lévi-Strauss that "la pensée sauvage" does not refer to a specific type of human mind, but rather to "untamed" human thought.
• In this book it is neither the mind of savages nor that of primitive or archaic humanity, but rather mind in its untamed state as distinct from mind cultivated or domesticated for the purpose of yielding a return, has been discussed.
• Savage thought is linked to the bricoleur, who creates things out of whatever materials are available, while scientific thought is linked to the engineer, who poses a problem and attempts to design an ideal or complete answer. 
• The engineer, who is the "scientific mind," as opposed to the bricoleur, is a true craftsman since he handles projects in their entirety, taking into account the availability of materials and developing new tools.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• The anthropologist and philosopher Claude Lévi-Strauss' book The Elementary Structures of Kinship, also known as "Les structures élémentaires de la parenté", was first published in 1949.
• In 1966, Structural Anthropology was published. Scholars have chosen this work as having cultural significance and as being a foundational piece of civilization as we know it.
• The Raw and the Cooked is the first volume of Claude Lévi-Strauss' Mythologiques, a structural analysis of Amerindian mythology.

Sahitya academy award winner, R. K. Narayana is one of the greatest novelists of Indian English Literature. The Man-Eater of Malgudi is one of those eminent novels he set in his fictional town malgudi. The story is about Natraj, a printer and his peaceful life which is disturbed with the entry of Vasu, a taxidermist in Malgudi. He came here in search of wildlife near Mempi Hills and start to live as a tenant in the upper storey of Natraja’s printing press. Vasu infringes on Nataraj’s life, plunders wildlife from Mempi hills and originates stench in the neighborhood through his malpractice of collecting dead animals in his room.

The title of the novel used by the narrator, Natraj for Vasu, a mighty man who destroy the peace of Malgudi, shot a number of wild animals and also killed himself in mysterious circumstances. The suspense of his death disclosed in the end that he attempt to crush a mosquito sitting on his forehead and injured one of his nerves with his powerful fist and died instantaneously. So Narayana applies the Bhasmasura myth in the novel to show that evil is self-disastrous.

The correct answer is 'The transient nature of worldly success.'

Key Points

• In "The Last Ride Together" by Robert Browning, the speaker reflects on the transient and ephemeral nature of worldly success and achievements.
• The poem narrates the story of a rejected lover who, instead of succumbing to despair, chooses to ride together with the beloved for one last time.
• Browning explores the theme of the inadequacy of worldly success in bringing lasting happiness.
• The speaker realizes that the transient moments of joy with the beloved hold more significance than worldly accomplishments.
• The poem emphasizes the transformative power of choosing love and experience over material success.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2.'

Additional Information

• Option 1: The poem does not primarily focus on a failed romantic relationship.
• Option 3: While mortality is a theme in the poem, it is not the central focus.
• Option 4: Unrequited love is not the primary theme explored in "The Last Ride Together."

The correct answer is 'They are merely superficial and transient factors according to her'.

Key Points

• Jane implies that, while society might value these attributes, she considers them superficial in the context of genuine relationships.
• By suggesting that beauty and wealth could make it difficult for someone to leave her, Jane indicates these factors are external and not the foundation of true emotional or spiritual connection.
• Her assertion underscores a belief in the enduring value of the soul and heart over temporary and surface-level qualities like wealth and beauty.
• Jane's perspective reveals her critique of societal priorities and the superficiality of basing relationships on material or aesthetic criteria.
• This stance aligns with Brontë's broader themes of challenging Victorian norms, particularly regarding marriage, love, and social class.
• Jane's character embodies the conviction that true connection and compatibility transcend external appearances and worldly possessions.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Additional Information

• While Jane Eyre's narrative tackles complex views on love and relationships, this excerpt specifically demonstrates her viewpoint on the non-essential nature of wealth and beauty in establishing meaningful connections

The correct answer is 'Her awareness and rejection of societal prejudices'.

Key Points

• Jane communicates a clear awareness of how society judges individuals based on wealth and appearance.
• She rejects these societal prejudices by asserting her possession of soul and heart, qualities she deems more significant.
• Jane's statement reflects a critique of societal standards that value external over intrinsic qualities.
• Through her words, Jane exhibits a conscious rejection of the notion that her value is diminished by her lack of societal-defined beauty or wealth.
• Her assertive declaration exhibits a self-view that values personal integrity and moral worth over adherence to societal expectations.
• This part of the dialogue from Jane Eyre illustrates Brontë's exploration of Victorian social mores and advocates for a deeper, more meaningful assessment of human value.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Additional Information

• While Jane Eyre does address these themes generally throughout the novel, this excerpt specifically showcases her awareness and active rejection of how society judges worth.

The correct answer is 'By emphasizing the equal worth of soul and heart regardless of physical or economic status'.

Key Points

• Jane directly challenges the notion that her worth is diminished because she is "poor, obscure, plain and little".
• By affirming she has "as much soul as you, - and full as much heart," Jane asserts that intrinsic qualities such as soul and heart hold equal value for every individual, irrespective of external circumstances.
• This statement underscores the theme of human dignity and the inherent value of every person, a key moral perspective championed in the novel.
• Jane's rebuttal serves to critique and dismantle the superficial measures of value imposed by society.
• Through this passionate declaration, Jane reveals her profound understanding of equality and her insistence on being recognized for her deeper, intrinsic qualities.
• This excerpt reflects Brontë's engagement with Victorian social norms and her advocacy for recognizing an individual's moral and emotional worth above material or physical considerations.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Additional Information

• While the other options may relate to themes within "Jane Eyre" or strategies characters use, this specific excerpt focuses on the internal, intrinsic value over external qualities

The correct answer is Samuel Johnson Key Points

• Johnson’s great contribution to the history of English lexicography was to conceive the dictionary as a type of literary work.
• Johnson wrote only one dictionary, but in that one he initiated several dictionary genres.
• Of course, most modern dictionaries favor objective definitions written in a dispassionate voice, but Johnson established the oblique traditions of facetious and political lexicography, setting the example for Ambrose Bierce, a century and a half later, in The Devil’s Dictionary and the editors of McSweeney’s, two and a half centuries later, in The Future Dictionary of America, among others.
• Though Johnson was not the first to employ literary quotations to illustrate usage and meaning, he was the first English lexicographer to conceive entries as necessarily incorporating quotations, the first to concentrate on quotations as an aspect of dictionary structure.
• His refined use of quotations proposed yet another genre, “The Quotations dictionary.”

Therefore, Option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Samuel Johnson, poet, satirist, critic, lexicographer, and dyed-in-the-wool conservative was born in Lichfield, Staffordshire, England, on September 18, 1709.
• The legend has sometimes obscured the truth. Among other aspects of his career, Johnson’s contributions to English lexicography are often misunderstood.
• It serves both Johnson’s legacy and the history of lexicography to revalue his influence on the modern dictionary.
• Hogarth is best known for his series paintings of 'modern moral subjects', of which he sold engravings on subscription.
• The Collection contains the set called 'Marriage A-la-Mode'. Although pugnaciously hostile to Continental art, he succumbed to French influence. In 1753 he published his 'Analysis of Beauty', in which he stresses the importance of the serpentine line.
• Anglo-Irish poet, satirist, essayist, and political pamphleteer Jonathan Swift was born in Dublin, Ireland.
• Best known as the author of A Modest Proposal (1729), Gulliver’s Travels (1726), and A Tale Of A Tub (1704), Swift is widely acknowledged as the greatest prose satirist in the history of English literature.
• Ben Jonson is among the best-known writers and theorists of English Renaissance literature, second in reputation only to Shakespeare.

Harold Bloom  is an American literary critic and Sterling Professor of Humanities at Yale University.Since the publication of his first book in 1959, Bloom has written more than forty books, including twenty books of literary criticism, several books discussing religion, and a novel. He has edited hundreds of anthologies concerning numerous literary and philosophical figures for the Chelsea House publishing firm. Bloom's books have been translated into more than 40 languages.

A Valediction Forbidding Mourning by Adrienne Rich is a poem that mainly expresses how the male-made language does not allow the female to fully express her feelings.

Here the writer means in the line “The grammar turned and attacked me” that the male dominated language never fulfill the objective of expressing feelings and experiences of women but hurt them as the language is useless in which they cannot express themselves

The Canterbury Tales is the most popular work of Chaucer and read widely as well as appreciated in every literary age. The tales have total 32 characters, including the narrator (Chaucer himself). It represents almost every occupation and standard of society during his time. All the characters represent mainly three different classes of society.

For example, characters like the knight, squire represent chivalry or nobility while the monk, the pardoner, summoner stands for church and cook, miller, carpenter, clerk and the physician are mouthpieces of commoners.

The correct answer is 'Rasa Theory.'

 Key Points

• "Abhijanashakuntalam" utilizes the classical Indian dramatic technique of Rasa Theory.
• Rasa Theory involves invoking emotions in the audience through the portrayal of specific sentiments or flavors (rasas).
• Shakuntala's character is designed to evoke the audience's emotions, primarily the rasa of shringara (romantic love).
• The play carefully weaves elements of the rasa theory into Shakuntala's dialogues, actions, and interactions.
• Rasa Theory enhances the emotional depth of Shakuntala's character, making her a captivating and relatable figure.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1.'

 Additional Information

• Avadhana: Avadhana is a form of literary and cultural performance but is not the primary technique enhancing Shakuntala's character.
• Sanskrit Slokas: While Sanskrit slokas are used in the play, the emotional depth is more enriched through Rasa Theory.
• Nataka Style: The play may incorporate elements of the Nataka style, but Rasa Theory is the specific technique enhancing Shakuntala's character emotionally.

The correct answer is "a - II, b - III, c - IV, d - I".

Key Points

• Bert Hudd is a character in Harold Pinter's play "The Room".
• Robert is a character in Harold Pinter's play " Betrayal".
• Ruth is a character in Harold Pinter's play "The Homecoming".
• Ben is a character in Harold Pinter's play "The Dumb Waiter".

​Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

Important Points

• Harold Pinter was a British playwright, screenwriter, director, and actor.
• A Nobel Prize recipient and one of the most significant contemporary British playwrights, had a more than a 50-year literary career.
• His most well-known plays are Betrayal (1978), The Homecoming (1964), and The Birthday Party (1957), all of which he also adapted for the big screen.
• The Servant (1963), The Go-Between (1971), The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981), The Trial (1993), and Sleuth (2007) are only a few of his screenplay adaptations of other authors' works.
• The body of plays commonly refered to as comedy of menace was written by Harold Pinter, David Campton, Nigel Dennis, and N. F. Simpson.
  • When analyzing Pinter and Campton's plays for Encore in 1958, theatre critic Irving Wardle came up with the phrase "comedy of menace".
  • He took inspiration from the subtitle of Campton's play The Lunatic View: A Comedy of Menace.

The correct answer is "The Prelude"

Key Points

• "The Prelude" is a long autobiographical poem written by William Wordsworth, not Alexander Pope.
• Alexander Pope (1688-1744) was an English poet best known for his satirical and philosophical works during the 18th century.
• "The Rape of the Lock," "The Dunciad," and "An Essay on Criticism" are among Pope's major works.
• "The Rape of the Lock" satirizes the frivolous society of the time, "The Dunciad" targets dullness in literature, and "An Essay on Criticism" is a poetic essay offering literary criticism.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Additional Information

• Option 1: "The Rape of the Lock" is one of Alexander Pope's satirical masterpieces.
• Option 2: "The Dunciad" is a satirical work by Alexander Pope, focusing on the foolishness in literature.
• Option 3: "An Essay on Criticism" is a work by Alexander Pope providing literary criticism.

The correct answer is 'The exploration of intellectual and emotional dissonance.'

Key Points

• "Point Counter Point," published in 1928, is known for its rich character ensemble, through which Huxley explores a range of philosophical, scientific, and social ideas, reflecting the intellectual and emotional conflicts of the time.
• The novel employs a contrapuntal structure akin to a musical composition, where multiple characters' viewpoints and narratives intertwine, highlighting the dissonance between intellect and emotion, as well as between differing societal viewpoints.
• Characters such as Walter Bidlake, Marjorie Carling, and John Beavis are used to examine themes like the disconnection between love and physical desire, the search for spiritual meaning in a secular world, and the conflict between individual impulses and societal expectations.
• Huxley critically portrays the intellectual elite's discussions and debates as often disconnected from the emotional realities and hardships of the everyday lives of the working class.
• The book delves into the limitations of rational thought and the struggle for authentic human connection in a fragmented modern society.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Additional Information

• Option 1 is incorrect because the novel largely focuses on social and intellectual themes rather than the aesthetics of nature.
• Option 2, though Huxley explores the impact of science, the novel's primary theme is not centered on technology's societal impacts.
• Option 4 misinterprets the novel's focus, which is more on existential and philosophical debates than on the role of art.

The correct answer is biography and criticismKey Points

• The most obvious features of The Lives of the Poets is the equipoise of biography and criticism.
• Johnson states the facts simply, but connects them with his impression of the writer, and, when he passes to the examination of poems, he is still thinking of their relation to the writer’s personality.
• He finds the man behind the work.
• The truth is that he was much more interested in the man than in that part of him which is the author.
• He criticized Congreve’s plays without having read them for many years, and he refused for a time to hear Lord Marchmont’s recollections of Pope.

Therefore, Option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Samuel Johnson was born in 1709 in Lichfield, Staffordshire.
• The son of a bookseller, he rose to become one of the greatest literary figures of the eighteenth century, most famously compiling A Dictionary of the English Language.
• Johnson's great contribution to the history of English lexicography was to conceive the dictionary, not as a schoolroom prop, but as a type of literary work.
• Johnson wrote only one dictionary, but in that one he initiated several dictionary genres.

The Norman Conquest  -----   1066 William Caxton and the introduction of printing ------ 1475 The King James Bible   --------  1611 Dr. Johnson's  English Dictionary. --------   1755 The Commonwealth Period / the Protectorate.  ----- 1649-1660

The correct answer is It is the scientific study of language.

Key Points

• Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
• Not only the verbal language but the gestures and sign system also comes under the purview of language.
• Linguistics at the beginning was a diachronic study i.e, historical.
• Linguistics is an interdisciplinary field, we have psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics etc.

Therefore the correct answer is Option 1. 

Additional Information 

• Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences.
• Axiology is the philosophical study of value.
• Ethics is the philosophical study of the concepts of moral right and wrong and moral good and bad.​

The correct answer is 'The material conditions of society shape cultural phenomena.'

Key Points

• Cultural Materialism, coined by Raymond Williams, posits that the material conditions and economic structures of society play a crucial role in shaping cultural phenomena.
• Williams emphasized the interconnectedness of culture, economics, and social structures.
• Cultural Materialism challenges idealistic views that detach culture from its material and social context.
• According to Williams, understanding the material conditions helps unravel the meanings embedded in cultural practices and expressions.
• Cultural Materialism has influenced the study of literature, media, and popular culture by emphasizing the relationship between culture and socioeconomic factors.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1.'

Additional Information

• Option 2: Cultural Materialism does not assert that cultural artifacts have inherent value regardless of societal context.
• Option 3: Cultural Materialism does not emphasize that culture is primarily shaped by intellectual elites.
• Option 4: Cultural Materialism does not prioritize the spiritual and emotional aspects of culture as paramount.

The correct answer is 'The corruption of power and the rise of tyranny.'

Key Points

• "Animal Farm" uses the allegory of a farm where animals revolt against their human farmer, hoping to create a society based on equality and freedom. However, it gradually portrays how ideals are corrupted, leading to a regime as oppressive as the one overthrown.
• The pigs, who lead the revolution, become the new rulers. Over time, they start to resemble the humans in their lust for power, highlighting the cycle of corruption and tyranny.
• The novel illustrates how propaganda is used to control the population, with the pig Squealer manipulating language to justify the leadership's actions.
• The betrayal of the revolutionary goals (such as the alteration of the Seven Commandments of Animalism to suit the leaders' needs) reflects the theme of the corrupting influence of power.
• Orwell, through this allegory, critiques the Russian Revolution and the subsequent establishment of the USSR, making a broader point about how power can corrupt ideals in any political system.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Additional Information

• Option 1 incorrectly identifies capitalism as the theme, whereas the novel criticizes authoritarianism and dictatorship.
• Option 2 misinterprets the allegory as about utopian societies rather than the betrayal of revolutionary ideals.
• Option 4, although literacy plays a role in the novel, it's not the primary theme; it represents one method of control and manipulation.

The correct answer is 'The priest's struggle to reconcile his religious beliefs with the harsh realities of the world he lives in.'

Key Points

• The central conflict of the novel is the priest's struggle to reconcile his religious beliefs with the harsh realities of the world he lives in.
• The priest is torn between his commitment to his faith and the challenges he faces in a society that is hostile to religion.
• He grapples with doubts and temptations, questioning the existence of God and the efficacy of his own ministry.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Additional Information

• Option 1: While the priest does struggle to maintain his faith, this is not the central conflict of the novel.
• Option 2: The priest's conflict with the authorities is a significant aspect of the novel, but it is not the central conflict.
• Option 3: The priest's inner turmoil is explored in the novel, but it is not the primary focus.

The correct answer is 'Germanic languages.'

Key Points

• English is part of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family, which underscores its roots and primary linguistic characteristics.
• The Germanic languages are divided into three groups: West Germanic, North Germanic, and East Germanic. English falls under the West Germanic category, along with German, Dutch, and several other languages.
• The initial form of English, known as Old English, emerged from the dialects of the Anglo-Saxon settlers in Britain, who originated from regions in what are now Denmark and northern Germany.
• Features that relate English to other Germanic languages include its basic syntax, certain elements of its morphology (such as strong and weak verbs), and a significant part of its core vocabulary.
• Despite the extensive influence from Norman French, Latin, and other languages due to historical events and societal changes, English retains its Germanic structure, particularly in its grammatical systems and syntactic patterns.
• The Germanic roots of English are evident in its most commonly used words and in the fundamental aspects of its grammar, reflecting the enduring influence of its Germanic origins on the language's development.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect because Italic languages include Latin and its descendants, such as Italian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese, not English.
• Option 2: Incorrect as Balto-Slavic languages comprise the Baltic and Slavic language families, unrelated to English's origins.
• Option 4: Incorrect because, although Celtic languages were spoken in Britain before the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons, English does not primarily belong to the Celtic language group

The correct answer is 'It disregards the intricate structure and unity of the poem.'

Key Points

• Cleanth Brooks, a prominent figure in the New Criticism movement, argues against the simplification of poetry through paraphrase, highlighting how this practice can miss the inherent complexity of poetic works.
• He asserts that a poem's meaning cannot be divorced from its form; the structure, rhythm, imagery, and word choice all contribute to its overall significance and emotional impact.
• Paraphrasing a poem into prose, according to Brooks, strips it of its poetic qualities and unity, reducing a multifaceted work to a mere summary of its content.
• Brooks emphasizes the integral unity of form and content within poetry, arguing that the unique arrangement of words and the specific choices made by the poet are essential to the poem's meaning.
• He suggests that the act of paraphrasing fails to capture the nuances and subtleties that give a poem its depth and resonance, effectively flattening the rich texture of the original work.
• For Brooks, the beauty and power of poetry lie in its ability to convey complex ideas and emotions in an inseparable blend of content and form, a quality that paraphrasing inherently undermines.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect because Brooks's argument centers not on the author's intention but on how paraphrasing fails to capture the poem's formal qualities.
• Option 3: Incorrect as Brooks does not limit his critique to aesthetic aspects; he focuses on the structural and interpretative aspects of poetry.
• Option 4: Incorrect because Brooks believes paraphrasing diminishes, rather than enhances, understanding by ignoring the poem's formal complexity.

The correct answer is 'a - 4, b - 3, c - 1, d - 2'

Key Points

• The Spider and the Fly is a poem written by Mary Botham Howitt. It was originally published in 1829.
• The House on Elm Street is a dark poem written by Nadia Bush.
• The Comet is a poem describing the spectacular sight of a comet in full flight by Norman Littleford.
• Endymion is a poem composed by the English poet John Keats. It opens with the famous line 'A thing of beauty is a joy forever'.

Thus, we can conclude that Option 1 is the correct answer.